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IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium : [proceedings]. IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium最新文献

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A sensor based indoor mobile localization and navigation using Unscented Kalman Filter 基于无气味卡尔曼滤波的室内移动定位与导航
Chun-Jung Sun, Hong-Yi Kuo, Chin E. Lin
Localization is the most important function to mobile vehicle in indoor environments. The precise positioning of the mobile object can provide higher mobility with more operation capability. The main challenge for indoor navigation is to solve higher accuracy heading and position in real time. In this paper, a low-cost MEMS hardware is designed and fabricated to focus on its accelerations and orientations by appropriate sensors. An auxiliary architecture of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is added to improve the tracking accuracy in system operation. A sensor node, spacing around 10 to 20 meters, is implemented as a positioning and navigation network in the small area. The proposed system measures the radio signal strength from each node using the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). By this algorithm, the linearization process of a nonlinear model can be neglected. The evaluation of the Jacobians is not requested to get higher order accuracy. The more accurate estimation can reach, the better parameter tuning of the UKF is observed. The proposed algorithm incorporating with MEMS hardware has lead to some good indoor test results.
定位是移动车辆在室内环境中最重要的功能。移动物体的精确定位可以提供更高的机动性和更强的操作能力。室内导航面临的主要挑战是实时解决更高精度的航向和位置问题。本文设计并制造了一种低成本的MEMS硬件,通过适当的传感器来关注其加速度和方向。为了提高系统运行中的跟踪精度,增加了无线传感器网络(WSN)的辅助结构。一个传感器节点,间距约为10至20米,在小区域内实现定位和导航网络。该系统使用无气味卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)测量来自每个节点的无线电信号强度。该算法可以忽略非线性模型的线性化过程。为了获得更高的阶精度,不要求对雅可比矩阵求值。估计越精确,UKF的参数调优效果越好。该算法与MEMS硬件相结合,取得了较好的室内测试效果。
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引用次数: 18
Dilution of precision and total interference level on a GPS+Galileo compatible receiver. A global perspective. GPS+Galileo兼容接收机的精度和总干扰水平的稀释。全球视角。
D. F. Prim
In a GPS+Galileo scenario and from a worldwide point of view, this contribution evaluates the use of higher elevation masking angles at the user receiver antenna while keeping positioning performances comparable to those achieved in a GPS-only scenario. By comparing suitable statistical figures of merit that account for time and geographical fitting of scenarios in terms of PDOP and receiver-estimated code delay jitter, it is hereby shown that performance equivalence is observed for a receiver antenna masking angle of 10° in a GPS-only scenario, and for 16.5° in a GPS+Galileo constellation. This fact is proposed to be applied as a simple measure to increase the robustness of mass-market receivers to external interference sources and multipath.
在GPS+伽利略方案中,从全球的角度来看,该贡献评估了在用户接收天线上使用更高仰角掩蔽角的情况,同时保持与仅GPS方案中实现的定位性能相当。通过比较考虑PDOP和接收机估计编码延迟抖动的时间和地理拟合的合适统计数据,可以看出,在仅GPS场景下,接收机天线掩蔽角为10°时,在GPS+伽利略星座下,掩蔽角为16.5°时,性能是相等的。这一事实被建议作为一种简单的措施来提高大众市场接收机对外部干扰源和多径的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of sculling motion errors caused by sensor transfer function imperfections in strapdown inertial navigation systems 捷联惯性导航系统中传感器传递函数缺陷引起的横桨运动误差分析
I. Rapoport, A. Brandes
Sculling compensation algorithms implemented in strapdown inertial navigation systems are designed to treat low frequency acceleration signals originated from a simultaneous linear and angular high frequency vibration through the strapdown navigation equations nonlinearity. However, if the inertial sensor transfer functions are imperfect, the low frequency terms might not be completely compensated, thus causing an effective bias in the accelerometer output. In the present work a quantitative analysis of the uncompensated sculling errors caused by the sensor transfer function imperfections is carried out in the case of the pure sculling motion. The obtained results can be used to facilitate the selection of the appropriate inertial sensors to meet the prescribed navigation accuracy requirements. The presented analysis is especially important if low cost (e.g., MEMS) sensors are considered for implementation in strapdown INS.
针对捷联惯导系统中同时存在线性和角高频振动的低频加速度信号,通过捷联惯导系统导航方程的非线性特性,设计了桨流补偿算法。然而,如果惯性传感器传递函数不完善,低频项可能无法完全补偿,从而导致加速度计输出中的有效偏差。本文定量分析了传感器传递函数不完善引起的纯划水运动中无补偿的划水误差。所得结果可用于方便地选择合适的惯性传感器,以满足规定的导航精度要求。如果考虑在捷联INS中实现低成本(例如MEMS)传感器,则所提出的分析尤其重要。
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引用次数: 4
High-precision lane-level road map building for vehicle navigation 用于车辆导航的高精度车道级路线图构建
Anning Chen, Arvind Ramanandan, J. Farrell
Lane relative vehicle navigation and control requires accurate lane-relative positioning of the vehicle. This relative position can be computed by comparing the vehicle absolute position with analytic roadway maps, which requires both high-accuracy positioning of the vehicle and high-accuracy lane maps. Carrier Phase Differential GPS (CPDGPS) aided INS or CPDGPS aided encoders is capable of estimating vehicle absolute position (relative to earth center) with centimeter level accuracy; however, to the best of the author's knowledge, the accuracy of lane level maps is currently not sufficient. In this paper, we first consider the structure of lane level maps that are compatible with standard practices of GIS road modeling. Then, various analytic lane definition are discussed. We also present a method of building lane level maps from high-accuracy positioning data along the lane center. The data is segmented according to road intersections. Shape points (vertices) as a function of arclength are located based on changes in estimated curvature. For each segment, the parameters are estimated by least-square criteria and can be refined as new datasets become available. This process is shown by an example.
车道相对车辆导航与控制要求对车辆进行准确的车道相对定位。这种相对位置可以通过比较车辆绝对位置和分析道路地图来计算,这既需要高精度的车辆定位,也需要高精度的车道地图。载波相位差分GPS (CPDGPS)辅助INS或CPDGPS辅助编码器能够以厘米级精度估计车辆的绝对位置(相对于地球中心);然而,据笔者所知,车道水平地图的精度目前还不够。在本文中,我们首先考虑与GIS道路建模标准实践兼容的车道水平地图结构。然后,讨论了各种解析巷的定义。我们还提出了一种利用沿车道中心的高精度定位数据构建车道水平地图的方法。数据根据路口进行分割。形状点(顶点)作为弧长的函数是基于估计曲率的变化来定位的。对于每个片段,参数是通过最小二乘标准估计的,并且可以随着新数据集的出现而改进。通过实例说明了这一过程。
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引用次数: 58
Experimental validation of TOA UWB positioning with two receivers using known indoor features 基于已知室内特征的双接收机TOA超宽带定位实验验证
Jan Kietlinski-Zaleski, T. Yamazato, M. Katayama
Ultra-Wideband is an attractive technology for short range positioning, especially indoors. However, for normal Time of Arrival (ToA) positioning, at least three receivers with unblocked direct path to the transmitter are required. This requirement is not always met. In this work, a novel algorithm for ToA positioning using only two receivers is presented and validated using data from a measurement campaign. Positioning with two receivers is possible by exploiting the knowledge of some of the indoor features, namely positions of big flat reflective surfaces, for example ceiling and walls.
超宽带是一种很有吸引力的短距离定位技术,尤其是在室内。然而,对于正常的到达时间(ToA)定位,至少需要三个与发射器直接路径畅通的接收器。这一要求并不总是得到满足。在这项工作中,提出了一种仅使用两个接收器进行ToA定位的新算法,并使用测量活动的数据进行了验证。利用一些室内特征的知识,即大型平面反射表面(例如天花板和墙壁)的位置,可以使用两个接收器进行定位。
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引用次数: 12
Multi-layer modeling and simulation of the effects of ionospheric scintillation on service availability of the GPS augmentation systems 电离层闪烁对GPS增强系统服务有效性影响的多层建模与仿真
R. Malla, R. Fries
This paper describes a multi-layer technique using modeling and simulation to assess the impact of ionospheric scintillation on satellite navigation systems. It is well known that GPS receivers in low- and high-latitude regions may suffer from rapid amplitude and phase fluctuations and signal scatter due to scintillation, causing loss of lock and cycle slips to dual as well as single frequency users. Scintillation poses a challenge to the GPS augmentation service providers including Space Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) and Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) to provide a high probability of navigational service availability in affected regions. Over the recent decades, many studies and data analyses have been conducted to understand effect of scintillation which affects users of satellite based navigation systems. Some significant data has been translated into modeling and simulation tools to help characterize scintillation effects and the world-wide scintillation environment.
本文介绍了一种利用建模和仿真的多层技术来评估电离层闪烁对卫星导航系统的影响。众所周知,低纬度和高纬度地区的GPS接收机可能由于闪烁而遭受幅度和相位的快速波动和信号散射,从而导致双频和单频用户失去锁定和周期跳。闪烁对包括天基增强系统(SBAS)和地基增强系统(GBAS)在内的GPS增强服务提供商在受影响区域提供高概率的导航服务提出了挑战。近几十年来,人们进行了许多研究和数据分析,以了解闪烁对卫星导航系统用户的影响。一些重要的数据已经转化为建模和模拟工具,以帮助描述闪烁效应和世界范围的闪烁环境。
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引用次数: 1
Analytical Resolution Method based on ambiguity function for attitude determination 基于模糊函数的姿态确定解析解析方法
Boxiong Wang, X. Zhan, Yan-hua Zhang
In this paper, we provide an experimental result of a new method for resolving GNSS baseline vector. We discuss the single differencing (SD) model for attitude determination and it will be chosen for experiment based on GPS and GLONASS. The Analytical Resolution Method (ARM) is used for attitude angle resolving. This method will be better in reducing computation time. The condition of baseline length is combined with ambiguity function method (AFM) for integrity ambiguity searching and this method is validated in reducing the span of candidates. In addition, the Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) is brought into this algorithm for selecting the healthy satellites. The experiments are carried out in the campus and the performance is proved to be effective. Our results are based on simulated and real-time GNSS data and applied on single frequency processing, which is known as one of the challenging case of GNSS attitude determination.
本文给出了一种求解GNSS基线矢量的新方法的实验结果。讨论了基于GPS和GLONASS的单差分(SD)姿态确定模型,并将其用于实验。姿态角的解析解析采用解析解析法(ARM)。这种方法在减少计算时间方面效果更好。将基线长度条件与模糊函数法(AFM)相结合进行完整性模糊度搜索,并对该方法在减少候选范围方面进行了验证。此外,该算法还引入了接收机自主完整性监测(RAIM)来选择健康卫星。在校园进行了实验,证明了该方法的有效性。我们的结果基于模拟和实时GNSS数据,并应用于单频处理,这被称为GNSS姿态确定的挑战性案例之一。
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引用次数: 2
Precision multi-sensor optical navigation test-bed utilizing ground-truthed data set 利用实测数据集的精密多传感器光学导航试验台
J. Touma, T. Klausutis, Michelle Fessenden, Carolyn New, David D. Diel
This work describes a rich set of navigation data that has been collected by AFRL and an object-oriented framework that makes both the data and relevant processing algorithms available to the research community. Both aerial and ground vehicle platforms were employed, exposing a single sensor suite to a variety of conditions relevant to civil and military applications, including urban and rural terrain and varied time-of-day. The sensor package includes four visible cameras, two LWIR cameras, inertial measurement units ranging from navigation grade, tactical grade and industrial grade. A GINS is utilized to establish platform attitude and position truth. The raw GPS signals are also collected. All this data is synchronously time-stamped with reference to a unified reference time. Of particular interest to the research community is the use of visual sensors to navigate in GNSS-limited environments, especially in cases where the navigation solution must exhibit dynamic continuity. Our data delivery framework goes beyond standardizing data formats by providing a means to standardize the application of relevant processing algorithms. This plays a critical role in integrating data from multiple sensors without violating dynamic constraints. In addition, the framework can be viewed as a testbed for user contributed algorithms, which will help system integrators to explore the trade space of both sensors and algorithms.
这项工作描述了AFRL收集的一组丰富的导航数据,以及一个面向对象的框架,该框架使数据和相关处理算法都可供研究界使用。采用了空中和地面车辆平台,将单个传感器套件暴露于与民用和军事应用相关的各种条件下,包括城市和农村地形以及一天中的不同时间。传感器包包括四个可见光相机,两个LWIR相机,惯性测量单元,范围从导航级,战术级和工业级。利用GINS建立平台态度和位置真值。原始的GPS信号也被收集。所有这些数据都参照统一的参考时间进行同步时间戳。研究界特别感兴趣的是在gnss有限的环境中使用视觉传感器进行导航,特别是在导航解决方案必须表现出动态连续性的情况下。我们的数据交付框架通过提供一种方法来标准化相关处理算法的应用,从而超越了数据格式的标准化。这对于集成来自多个传感器的数据而不违反动态约束起着至关重要的作用。此外,该框架可被视为用户贡献算法的测试平台,这将有助于系统集成商探索传感器和算法的交易空间。
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引用次数: 2
A comprehensive approach for optimizing ToA-localization in harsh industrial environments 在恶劣工业环境中优化toa定位的综合方法
A. Lewandowski, C. Wietfeld
Real-life industrial environments pose a challenge for today's radio-based localization systems, as the radio channel is highly affected by the multiple interference present in the environment. Therefore, this paper presents a solution for generating Weighted Multilateration Position Estimation based on the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) for ToA (Time of Arrival) ranging measurements to enhance the fault tolerance, reduce the self-interference of the ranging system and finally enhance the accuracy of the position estimation. A coordinate descent algorithm for optimal anchor placement is demonstrated in this paper, which is based on results of 3D ray tracing. The applied 3D environment model is highly sophisticated, as it was generated by 3D laser scanning for gauging. In a final optimization step, power level adjustment is shown to further enhance the accuracy of the localization system. Concluding, a performance evaluation based on simulations, numerical optimization and experimental measurements in the industrial target environment will demonstrate the improvements of our comprehensive approach in terms of accuracy and robustness.
现实生活中的工业环境对当今基于无线电的定位系统提出了挑战,因为无线电信道受到环境中存在的多重干扰的高度影响。因此,本文提出了一种基于RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator,接收信号强度指标)对ToA(到达时间)测距测量产生加权多重位置估计的解决方案,以增强测距系统的容错性,降低测距系统的自干扰,最终提高位置估计的精度。本文提出了一种基于三维光线追踪结果的坐标下降算法。应用的三维环境模型非常复杂,因为它是通过三维激光扫描测量生成的。在最后的优化步骤中,通过功率电平调整来进一步提高定位系统的精度。最后,基于仿真、数值优化和工业目标环境实验测量的性能评估将证明我们的综合方法在准确性和鲁棒性方面的改进。
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引用次数: 24
GPS experiment on the Balloon-based Operation Vehicle 基于气球的操作飞行器的GPS实验
P. Buist, S. Verhagen, T. Hashimoto, S. Sawai, S. Sakai, N. Bando, S. Shimizu
JAXA has been developing a system to provide a long duration, good quality microgravity environment based on a capsule, named the Balloon-based Operation Vehicle, that can be released from a balloon. In this paper we will describe the Balloon-based operation vehicle itself and the experiments using GPS performed - in cooperation with Delft University of Technology - on the gondola of the balloon in 2008 (single baseline estimation) and 2009 (full attitude determination and relative positioning). The attitude calculated using raw observations from a GPS receiver during the 2009 experiment is compared with Sun Aspect Sensors' and Geomagnetic Aspect Sensor's results and moreover with the attitude as provided by the receiver itself.
JAXA一直在开发一种系统,以提供长时间、高质量的微重力环境为基础,该系统名为“气球操作飞行器”,可以从气球上释放出来。在本文中,我们将描述基于气球的操作车辆本身以及与代尔夫特理工大学合作,在2008年(单基线估计)和2009年(全姿态确定和相对定位)在气球的贡多拉上使用GPS进行的实验。在2009年的实验中,利用GPS接收机的原始观测数据计算出的姿态与太阳方位传感器和地磁方位传感器的结果以及接收机本身提供的姿态进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium : [proceedings]. IEEE/ION Position Location and Navigation Symposium
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