Review The Therapeutic Effects of Ligustrazine in Combination with Other Drugs in Cardiovascular Diseases Peihua Dong , Yu Huang , and Yujie Pu ,* Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 518057 , China * Correspondence: yujiepu@cityu.edu.hk Received: 29 December 2022 Accepted: 18 January 2023 Published: 10 February 2023 Abstract: Chuanxiong, one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), was first documented in the Tang dynasty to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort was shown as the most effective portion of chuanxiong. Later chemical analysis revealed that the main chemical component of ligusticum chuanxiong Hort is tetramethylpyrazine. Since then, numerous explorations have been made to examine the efficiency of tetramethylpyrazine in treating different diseases and understand the underlying mechanisms of its action. Like Chuanxiong, ligustrazine (Chuan Xiong Qin) improved the functions of the circulatory and nervous systems. Ligustrazine (Chuan Xiong Qin) was also used in combination with other medicines to achieve better effects on improving cardiovascular health or alleviating the adverse effects of chemotherapies in both basic and clinical studies. The present review briefly summarizes the existing studies of the combination of ligustrazine (Chuan Xiong Qin) with other medicines in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and provides valuable insights into the future research direction and better utilization of this drug.
{"title":"The Therapeutic Effects of Ligustrazine in Combination with Other Drugs in Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"Peihua Dong, Yu Huang, Y. Pu","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.0201005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.0201005","url":null,"abstract":"Review\u0000The Therapeutic Effects of Ligustrazine in Combination with Other Drugs in Cardiovascular Diseases\u0000\u0000Peihua Dong , Yu Huang , and Yujie Pu ,*\u0000\u0000\u0000Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 518057 , China\u0000* Correspondence: yujiepu@cityu.edu.hk\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 29 December 2022\u0000Accepted: 18 January 2023\u0000Published: 10 February 2023\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: Chuanxiong, one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), was first documented in the Tang dynasty to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort was shown as the most effective portion of chuanxiong. Later chemical analysis revealed that the main chemical component of ligusticum chuanxiong Hort is tetramethylpyrazine. Since then, numerous explorations have been made to examine the efficiency of tetramethylpyrazine in treating different diseases and understand the underlying mechanisms of its action. Like Chuanxiong, ligustrazine (Chuan Xiong Qin) improved the functions of the circulatory and nervous systems. Ligustrazine (Chuan Xiong Qin) was also used in combination with other medicines to achieve better effects on improving cardiovascular health or alleviating the adverse effects of chemotherapies in both basic and clinical studies. The present review briefly summarizes the existing studies of the combination of ligustrazine (Chuan Xiong Qin) with other medicines in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and provides valuable insights into the future research direction and better utilization of this drug.","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81945550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review Recent Clinical Successes in Liposomal Nanomedicines Wenjie Gu , Gavin P. Andrews , and Yiwei Tian , * School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK. * Correspondence: y.tian@qub.ac.uk Received: 19 December 2022 Accepted: 26 January 2023 Published: 3 February 2023 Abstract: The intrinsic limitations of cancer therapies promoted the development of safer liposomal nanocarriers capable of better distributing the payload away from normal tissues. Since then, liposomal nanocarriers have been considered the primary drug delivery system for many active pharmaceutical ingredients. These systems are now frequently investigated for the treatment of many infectious diseases. Along with the tremendous progress in the anticancer and antifungal liposomal nanomedicines, we have also gradually realised the difficulties associated with the existing liposomal nanocarrier designs. A better understanding of the nanocarrier-bio interactions may provide a new paradigm in liposomal nanocarrier design and better clinical endpoint efficacy. This short review focuses on the progress and benefits of two market-approved liposomal nanomedicines for cancer and fungal treatments.
纳米脂质体药物的临床研究进展[j]顾文杰，Gavin P. Andrews，田一伟，*贝尔法斯特女王大学药学院，英国贝尔法斯特里斯本路97号，bt7bl。摘要:癌症治疗的内在局限性促进了更安全的脂质体纳米载体的发展，这些脂质体纳米载体能够更好地将有效载荷分布在正常组织之外。从那时起，脂质体纳米载体被认为是许多活性药物成分的主要药物传递系统。这些系统现在经常被研究用于治疗许多传染病。随着抗癌和抗真菌纳米脂质体药物的巨大进展，我们也逐渐认识到现有脂质体纳米载体设计的困难。更好地了解纳米载体与生物的相互作用可能为脂质体纳米载体的设计和更好的临床终点疗效提供新的范例。这篇简短的综述着重于两种市场批准的用于癌症和真菌治疗的脂质体纳米药物的进展和益处。
{"title":"Recent Clinical Successes in Liposomal Nanomedicines","authors":"Wenjie Gu, G. Andrews, Yiwei Tian","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.0201009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.0201009","url":null,"abstract":"Review\u0000Recent Clinical Successes in Liposomal Nanomedicines\u0000\u0000Wenjie Gu , Gavin P. Andrews , and Yiwei Tian , *\u0000\u0000\u0000School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.\u0000* Correspondence: y.tian@qub.ac.uk\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 19 December 2022\u0000Accepted: 26 January 2023\u0000Published: 3 February 2023\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: The intrinsic limitations of cancer therapies promoted the development of safer liposomal nanocarriers capable of better distributing the payload away from normal tissues. Since then, liposomal nanocarriers have been considered the primary drug delivery system for many active pharmaceutical ingredients. These systems are now frequently investigated for the treatment of many infectious diseases. Along with the tremendous progress in the anticancer and antifungal liposomal nanomedicines, we have also gradually realised the difficulties associated with the existing liposomal nanocarrier designs. A better understanding of the nanocarrier-bio interactions may provide a new paradigm in liposomal nanocarrier design and better clinical endpoint efficacy. This short review focuses on the progress and benefits of two market-approved liposomal nanomedicines for cancer and fungal treatments.","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90898689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Article 23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid, A Natural Compound, Alleviates DSS-induced Colitis by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Shuangli Xiang 1, # , Miaojuan Wang 2, # , and Xiuping Chen 2, * 1 Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China. 2 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China. * Correspondence: xpchen@um.edu.mo, Tel.: +853-88224679, Fax: +853-28841358 # Co-First author. Received: 8 November 2022 Accepted: 2 December 2022 Published: 11 January 2023 Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory intestinal disease, is a growing epidemic affecting people worldwide and requires the development of effective therapeutic drugs. In this study, the effect of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid (23-HBA), a compound isolated from the traditional herb Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, on experimental UC was studied. C57BL/6J male mice were administrated with 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water to establish the UC model. 23-HBA was orally administrated at either 3.75, 7.5, or 15 mg/kg for 6 days. Mesalazine was used as a positive control. Examination of the body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI), histopathology examination, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and protein expression was performed. The pathological changes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Aixian blue-glycogen (AB-PAS) staining. In cultured RAW 264.7 cells, the effects of 23-HBA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and oxidative stress were analyzed. Compared with the colitis model, 23-HBA treatment significantly increased the body weight and colon length and decreased the DAI score. Pathological staining showed that 23-HBA mitigated the damage in intestinal structures, the increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, the increase in submucosa edema, and the decrease in goblet cell number. Furthermore, 23-HBA decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA levels in the colon tissues. In addition, 23-HBA inhibited the protein expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB p65 both in the colon tissues and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, these results showed that 23-HBA alleviated DSS-induced acute UC in mice and inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells possibly mediated by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
{"title":"23-Hydroxybetulinic Acid, A Natural Compound, Alleviates DSS-induced Colitis by Regulating NF-κB Signaling","authors":"Shuangli Xiang, Miaojuan Wang, Xiuping Chen","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.0201007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.0201007","url":null,"abstract":"Article\u000023-Hydroxybetulinic Acid, A Natural Compound, Alleviates DSS-induced Colitis by Regulating NF-κB Signaling\u0000\u0000Shuangli Xiang 1, # , Miaojuan Wang 2, # , and Xiuping Chen 2, *\u0000\u0000\u00001 Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China.\u00002 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.\u0000* Correspondence: xpchen@um.edu.mo, Tel.: +853-88224679, Fax: +853-28841358\u0000# Co-First author.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 8 November 2022\u0000Accepted: 2 December 2022\u0000Published: 11 January 2023\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory intestinal disease, is a growing epidemic affecting people worldwide and requires the development of effective therapeutic drugs. In this study, the effect of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid (23-HBA), a compound isolated from the traditional herb Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, on experimental UC was studied. C57BL/6J male mice were administrated with 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water to establish the UC model. 23-HBA was orally administrated at either 3.75, 7.5, or 15 mg/kg for 6 days. Mesalazine was used as a positive control. Examination of the body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI), histopathology examination, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and protein expression was performed. The pathological changes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Aixian blue-glycogen (AB-PAS) staining. In cultured RAW 264.7 cells, the effects of 23-HBA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and oxidative stress were analyzed. Compared with the colitis model, 23-HBA treatment significantly increased the body weight and colon length and decreased the DAI score. Pathological staining showed that 23-HBA mitigated the damage in intestinal structures, the increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, the increase in submucosa edema, and the decrease in goblet cell number. Furthermore, 23-HBA decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and MDA levels in the colon tissues. In addition, 23-HBA inhibited the protein expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB p65 both in the colon tissues and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, these results showed that 23-HBA alleviated DSS-induced acute UC in mice and inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells possibly mediated by regulating the NF-κB pathway.","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81265558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review Role of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor in Hypertension Zhitong Zhou, Dao Wen Wang, Junfang Wu * Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China. * Correspondence: Junfang.wu@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn Received: 17 October 2022 Accepted: 15 November 2022 Published: 21 December 2022 Abstract: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that act by inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal renal tubule, which results in lowering the level of blood and urinary glucose. Besides the glucose-lowing effect, some clinical trials found the benefits of SGLT2i in treating heart failure with or without diabetes. In 2021, SGLT2i were recommended by the European Society of Cardiology in treating of heart failure. Compared to heart failure, hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease with an increasing prevalence globally. There is also clinical evidence indicating that SGLT2i can lower blood pressure. Here we focused on addressing the role of SGLT-2i in treating hypertension and its possible mechanism in this review.
{"title":"Role of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor in Hypertension","authors":"Zhitong Zhou, Daowen Wang, Junfang Wu","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.175","url":null,"abstract":"Review\u0000Role of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor in Hypertension\u0000\u0000Zhitong Zhou, Dao Wen Wang, Junfang Wu *\u0000\u0000\u0000Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China.\u0000* Correspondence: Junfang.wu@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 17 October 2022\u0000Accepted: 15 November 2022\u0000Published: 21 December 2022\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that act by inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal renal tubule, which results in lowering the level of blood and urinary glucose. Besides the glucose-lowing effect, some clinical trials found the benefits of SGLT2i in treating heart failure with or without diabetes. In 2021, SGLT2i were recommended by the European Society of Cardiology in treating of heart failure. Compared to heart failure, hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease with an increasing prevalence globally. There is also clinical evidence indicating that SGLT2i can lower blood pressure. Here we focused on addressing the role of SGLT-2i in treating hypertension and its possible mechanism in this review.","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81562045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery System for Post Myocardial Infarction Management Minxuan Liu, Chiara Ramponi, Xiaoxue Fan, Xinzhuang Zhang, Liang Cao, Zhenzhong Wang, and Wei Xiao * State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China. * Correspondence: xw_kanion@163.com Received: 15 October 2022 Accepted: 2 November 2022 Published: 21 December 2022 Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Myocardial infraction (MI) as one of the most harmful forms of ischaemic heart disease requires rigorous and tempestive approaches which are not met by current clinical interventions. Nanotechnology has developed promising clinical applications for imaging, diagnostic, gene delivery and tissue engineering, which makes this technology a potential candidate for novel therapeutic delivery approach. This review highlights several recent research reports regarding advances in drug delivery using nanoparticle-based (NP) strategies, as well as future challenges and opportunities.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery System for Post Myocardial Infarction Management","authors":"Minxuan Liu, Chiara Ramponi, Xiaoxue Fan, Xinzhuang Zhang, Liang Cao, Zhenzhong Wang, W. Xiao","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.171","url":null,"abstract":"Review\u0000Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery System for Post Myocardial Infarction Management\u0000\u0000Minxuan Liu, Chiara Ramponi, Xiaoxue Fan, Xinzhuang Zhang, Liang Cao, Zhenzhong Wang, and Wei Xiao *\u0000\u0000\u0000State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China.\u0000* Correspondence: xw_kanion@163.com\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 15 October 2022\u0000Accepted: 2 November 2022\u0000Published: 21 December 2022\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Myocardial infraction (MI) as one of the most harmful forms of ischaemic heart disease requires rigorous and tempestive approaches which are not met by current clinical interventions. Nanotechnology has developed promising clinical applications for imaging, diagnostic, gene delivery and tissue engineering, which makes this technology a potential candidate for novel therapeutic delivery approach. This review highlights several recent research reports regarding advances in drug delivery using nanoparticle-based (NP) strategies, as well as future challenges and opportunities.","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77250323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weihua Song, Wu Sun, Zilong Wang, K. Teo, C. Cheung, Xiaomeng Wang
Review Targeting Inflammation to Control Tissue Fibrosis Weihua Song 1, Wu Sun 2, Zilong Wang 3, Kelvin Yi Chong Teo 2,4,5, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung 2,4,5, and Xiaomeng Wang 4,5,6,* 1 Innoland Biosciences, 6 West Beijing Road, Taicang 215400, Jiangsu, China. 2 Singapore National Eye Center, 11 Third Hospital Ave 168751, Singapore. 3 Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Shinan District, Qingdao 266005, Shandong, China. 4 Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road 169856, Singapore. 5 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 20 College Road 169856, Singapore. 6 Insitute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos 138673, Singapore. * Correspondence: xiaomeng.wang@duke-nus.edu.sg Received: 17 November 2022 Accepted: 19 November 2022 Published: 21 December 2022 Abstract: Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential process in host defense against pathogens and tissue repair following injury. However, aberrant inflammatory responses could disturb ECM homeostasis leading to progressive disruption in tissue architecture and organ function. Fibrosis is the common outcome of a wide range of diseases, especially chronic inflammatory disorders, and represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This review provides the current understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrosis, with particular emphasis on the role of inflammation in this process and the translational potential of targeting inflammation as a strategy to control fibrotic progression.
{"title":"Targeting Inflammation to Control Tissue Fibrosis","authors":"Weihua Song, Wu Sun, Zilong Wang, K. Teo, C. Cheung, Xiaomeng Wang","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.206","url":null,"abstract":"Review\u0000Targeting Inflammation to Control Tissue Fibrosis\u0000\u0000Weihua Song 1, Wu Sun 2, Zilong Wang 3, Kelvin Yi Chong Teo 2,4,5, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung 2,4,5, and Xiaomeng Wang 4,5,6,*\u0000\u0000\u00001 Innoland Biosciences, 6 West Beijing Road, Taicang 215400, Jiangsu, China.\u00002 Singapore National Eye Center, 11 Third Hospital Ave 168751, Singapore.\u00003 Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Shinan District, Qingdao 266005, Shandong, China.\u00004 Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road 169856, Singapore.\u00005 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 20 College Road 169856, Singapore.\u00006 Insitute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos 138673, Singapore.\u0000* Correspondence: xiaomeng.wang@duke-nus.edu.sg\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 17 November 2022\u0000Accepted: 19 November 2022\u0000Published: 21 December 2022\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential process in host defense against pathogens and tissue repair following injury. However, aberrant inflammatory responses could disturb ECM homeostasis leading to progressive disruption in tissue architecture and organ function. Fibrosis is the common outcome of a wide range of diseases, especially chronic inflammatory disorders, and represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This review provides the current understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrosis, with particular emphasis on the role of inflammation in this process and the translational potential of targeting inflammation as a strategy to control fibrotic progression.","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73290653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review The P21-Activated Kinase 1 and 2 As Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Honglin Xu, Dingwei Wang, Chiara Ramponi, Xin Wang, and Hongyuan Zhang * Michael Smith building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. * Correspondence: hongyuan.zhang-3@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk Received: 20 October 2022 Accepted: 16 November 2022 Published: 21 December 2022 Abstract: Group I p21-activated kinases (Paks) are members of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. Paks are encoded by three genes (Pak 1‒3) and are involved in the regulation of various biological processes. Pak1 and Pak2 are key members, sharing 91% sequence identity in their kinase domains. Recent studies have shown that Pak1/2 protect the heart from various types of stresses. Activated Pak1/2 participate in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and metabolism, thus enhancing the adaptation and resilience of cardiomyocytes to stress. The structure, activation and function of Pak1/2 as well as their protective roles against the occurrence of cardiovascular disease are described in this review. The values of Pak1/2 as therapeutic targets are also discussed.
p21活化激酶1和2作为心血管疾病管理的潜在治疗靶点徐洪林，王定伟，Chiara Ramponi，王鑫，张宏远*，Michael Smith building，曼彻斯特大学生物、医学与健康学院心血管科学系，曼彻斯特，英国*通讯:hongyuan.zhang-3@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk收稿日期:2022年10月20日接收日期:2022年11月16日发布日期:2022年12月21日摘要:I组p21活化激酶(Paks)是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族的成员。Paks由三个基因(pak1 - 3)编码，参与多种生物过程的调控。Pak1和Pak2是关键成员，在其激酶结构域中具有91%的序列同一性。最近的研究表明，Pak1/2可以保护心脏免受各种压力的影响。活化的Pak1/2参与维持细胞内稳态和代谢，从而增强心肌细胞对应激的适应和恢复能力。现就Pak1/2的结构、激活、功能及其对心血管疾病发生的保护作用作一综述。本文还讨论了Pak1/2作为治疗靶点的价值。
{"title":"The P21-Activated Kinase 1 and 2 As Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"Honglin Xu, Dingwei Wang, Chiara Ramponi, X. Wang, Hongyuan Zhang","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.179","url":null,"abstract":"Review\u0000The P21-Activated Kinase 1 and 2 As Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease\u0000\u0000Honglin Xu, Dingwei Wang, Chiara Ramponi, Xin Wang, and Hongyuan Zhang *\u0000\u0000\u0000Michael Smith building, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.\u0000* Correspondence: hongyuan.zhang-3@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 20 October 2022\u0000Accepted: 16 November 2022\u0000Published: 21 December 2022\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: Group I p21-activated kinases (Paks) are members of the serine/threonine protein kinase family. Paks are encoded by three genes (Pak 1‒3) and are involved in the regulation of various biological processes. Pak1 and Pak2 are key members, sharing 91% sequence identity in their kinase domains. Recent studies have shown that Pak1/2 protect the heart from various types of stresses. Activated Pak1/2 participate in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and metabolism, thus enhancing the adaptation and resilience of cardiomyocytes to stress. The structure, activation and function of Pak1/2 as well as their protective roles against the occurrence of cardiovascular disease are described in this review. The values of Pak1/2 as therapeutic targets are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83307226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mini Review Injectable Multifunctional Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels for the Local Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Xue Bai 1，Annalisa Tirella1,2,* 1 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. 2 BIOtech-Center for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Trento 38123, Italy. * Correspondence: annalisa.tirella@unitn.it , annalisa.tirella@manchester.ac.uk (Annalisa Tirella). Received: 13 November 2022 Accepted: 15 November 2022 Published: 21 December 2022 Abstract: Hydrogels are water-based polymeric three-dimensional network with advantageous properties for the delivery of bioactive components, ranging from small therapeutic agents to therapeutic cells. Natural-based hydrogels have great potential as delivery vehicles for the local controlled release of therapeutic agents at the target site. Injectable hydrogels are designed to load therapeutic agents by simple mixing within the polymer solutions, as well as use nanoparticles able to respond to specific external conditions, such as temperature and pH. Herein, we present an overview of the properties of natural injectable hydrogels and recent developments for their use to control the local release of therapeutic agents; as well as strategies to crosslink in-situ multifunctional injectable hydrogels that act as therapeutical depot system. The mini review focuses on alginate-based injectable hydrogels as controlled drug delivery systems, presenting advantages and challenges of their application in cancer therapy
{"title":"Injectable Multifunctional Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels for the Local Delivery of Therapeutic Agents","authors":"Xue Bai, A. Tirella","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.203","url":null,"abstract":"Mini Review\u0000Injectable Multifunctional Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels for the Local Delivery of Therapeutic Agents\u0000\u0000Xue Bai 1，Annalisa Tirella1,2,*\u0000\u0000\u00001 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.\u00002 BIOtech-Center for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Trento 38123, Italy.\u0000* Correspondence: annalisa.tirella@unitn.it , annalisa.tirella@manchester.ac.uk (Annalisa Tirella).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 13 November 2022\u0000Accepted: 15 November 2022\u0000Published: 21 December 2022\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: Hydrogels are water-based polymeric three-dimensional network with advantageous properties for the delivery of bioactive components, ranging from small therapeutic agents to therapeutic cells. Natural-based hydrogels have great potential as delivery vehicles for the local controlled release of therapeutic agents at the target site. Injectable hydrogels are designed to load therapeutic agents by simple mixing within the polymer solutions, as well as use nanoparticles able to respond to specific external conditions, such as temperature and pH. Herein, we present an overview of the properties of natural injectable hydrogels and recent developments for their use to control the local release of therapeutic agents; as well as strategies to crosslink in-situ multifunctional injectable hydrogels that act as therapeutical depot system. The mini review focuses on alginate-based injectable hydrogels as controlled drug delivery systems, presenting advantages and challenges of their application in cancer therapy","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77475607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review Cardiac β-Adrenoceptor Signaling: The New Insight on An Old Target in the Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease Ying Song 1, Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo 2,*, Yan Zhang 3,4,*, and Ruiping Xiao 5,6,7,8 1 Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China. 2 School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China. 3 Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China. 4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. 5 State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. 6 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. 7 Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. 8 PKU-Nanjing Joint Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China. * Correspondence: yiuhowoo@syphu.edu.cn (Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo), Tel.: +86-24-23986375; zhangyan9876@pku.edu.cn (Yan Zhang), Tel.: +86-10-82805945. Received: 19 October 2022 Accepted: 28 October 2022 Published: 21 December 2022 Abstract: A variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function. The β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs), with three subtypes, are the dominant receptor species in the heart, in which the β1-AR and the β2-AR are considered functional. Stimulation of the β-ARs produces myocardial inotropy via activation of the Gs-cAMP-PKA signaling cascade. Prolonged stimulation of the β1-AR is cardiac harmful because the stimulated β1-AR couples only to Gs proteins and it mediates a cardiotoxic signal. On the other hand, the β2-AR couples dually to both Gs and Gi proteins and the β2-AR-Gi pathway is antiapoptotic. The activated Gi signal also counteracts the β-AR-Gs-promoted positive inotropic effect. Other key players in cardiac β-AR signaling include Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), GPCR kinases (GRKs), β-arrestins and phosphodiesterases. During heart failure, excessive sympathetic stimulation results in the activation of the cardiotoxic β1-AR-CaMKIIδ pathway and the upregulation of GRK2 and Gi in the heart. GRK2 promotes the desensitization of β-ARs and enhances a β2-AR-mediated Gi signaling. These signal transduction processes accompanying the downregulation of the β1-AR are involved in cardiac dysfunction, maladaptive cardiac remodeling, and the progression of chronic heart failure. β-Blockers are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. They have established their position as one of the “four pillars of heart failure” thirty years ago. In the present review, we provide an overview of the
{"title":"Cardiac β-Adrenoceptor Signaling: The New Insight on An Old Target in the Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"Ying Song, A. Woo, Yan Zhang, Ruiping Xiao","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.177","url":null,"abstract":"Review\u0000Cardiac β-Adrenoceptor Signaling: The New Insight on An Old Target in the Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease\u0000\u0000Ying Song 1, Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo 2,*, Yan Zhang 3,4,*, and Ruiping Xiao 5,6,7,8\u0000\u0000\u00001 Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.\u00002 School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.\u00003 Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.\u00004 Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.\u00005 State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.\u00006 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.\u00007 Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.\u00008 PKU-Nanjing Joint Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.\u0000* Correspondence: yiuhowoo@syphu.edu.cn (Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo), Tel.: +86-24-23986375; zhangyan9876@pku.edu.cn (Yan Zhang), Tel.: +86-10-82805945.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Received: 19 October 2022\u0000Accepted: 28 October 2022\u0000Published: 21 December 2022\u0000 \u0000\u0000Abstract: A variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function. The β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs), with three subtypes, are the dominant receptor species in the heart, in which the β1-AR and the β2-AR are considered functional. Stimulation of the β-ARs produces myocardial inotropy via activation of the Gs-cAMP-PKA signaling cascade. Prolonged stimulation of the β1-AR is cardiac harmful because the stimulated β1-AR couples only to Gs proteins and it mediates a cardiotoxic signal. On the other hand, the β2-AR couples dually to both Gs and Gi proteins and the β2-AR-Gi pathway is antiapoptotic. The activated Gi signal also counteracts the β-AR-Gs-promoted positive inotropic effect. Other key players in cardiac β-AR signaling include Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), GPCR kinases (GRKs), β-arrestins and phosphodiesterases. During heart failure, excessive sympathetic stimulation results in the activation of the cardiotoxic β1-AR-CaMKIIδ pathway and the upregulation of GRK2 and Gi in the heart. GRK2 promotes the desensitization of β-ARs and enhances a β2-AR-mediated Gi signaling. These signal transduction processes accompanying the downregulation of the β1-AR are involved in cardiac dysfunction, maladaptive cardiac remodeling, and the progression of chronic heart failure. β-Blockers are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. They have established their position as one of the “four pillars of heart failure” thirty years ago. In the present review, we provide an overview of the ","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90613163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Editorial Current Progress in Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery Xin Wang Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK. * Correspondence: xin.wang@manchester.ac.uk
{"title":"Current Progress in Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery","authors":"X. Wang","doi":"10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.214","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial\u0000Current Progress in Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery\u0000\u0000Xin Wang\u0000\u0000\u0000Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK.\u0000* Correspondence: xin.wang@manchester.ac.uk\u0000","PeriodicalId":94047,"journal":{"name":"International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74107210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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