Journal of addictions nursing最新文献

Background: Substance-use has been linked to several physical and psychological issues that impact on an individual's quality of life, which, when left without intervention, can have detrimental effects. Nursing is a diverse profession, the practical activities of which are underpinned by theory, with nursing models representing conceptualisations about the profession, nursing practice, and how care can be organised and provided. Nursing-models provide a framework to direct the nurse's role and practice and identify the required knowledge and skills nurses need to deliver care to individuals.

Methods: This review aimed to identify and compare the core elements of addiction nurse-led models implemented across various countries to inform the development of effective, globally relevant approaches. The objectives were to determine facilitators and barriers that were encountered, and to explore the impact, if any, of addiction nurse-led models of care on substance-use for individuals and the wider community. This was a narrative review with a systematic approach. A narrative synthesis of findings was compiled. Full texts were reviewed by two authors with the search yielding 23 articles for analysis.

Data sources: A systematic search was undertaken using index terms and keywords formulated in liaison with a subject librarian in May 2022. These were used in association with Boolean operators across five databases: CINHAL Ultimate, Web of Science, Psych Info, Embase, and Medline. Two overarching concepts were included in the search: Nursing-led initiatives and models, and Addiction and Substance abuse.

Results: This narrative review identified key elements for an effective addiction nurse-led model of care: an integrated and individual-focused approach, nurses with specialized training and education, and structured protocols to guide their work. Incorporating these commonalities will contribute to the development of a robust and successful model. To promote recovery and ensure accessibility, these models should foster a judgment-free, stigma-free environment where individuals feel safe and supported throughout their journey.

Conclusion: This narrative review has formed the foundations to develop an addiction nurse-led model of care that can be implemented internationally in various healthcare settings, that is nurse-led and grounded in individual's needs.

Opioid use presents a pressing public health concern throughout the United States, with growing disparities related to overdose deaths and access to treatment. Neighborhoods, as built and social environments, are an essential domain of the social determinants of health that impact people's well-being. Historical and current policies impact neighborhoods and can contribute to persistent health disparities. Integrating complex factors within the areas where people work, play, learn, and socialize, neighborhoods can contribute to opioid use in various ways. This scoping review describes, synthesizes, and summarizes the existing literature examining neighborhood-level factors on opioid use in the United States. Four databases were searched, and 39 studies were included. Over 90% of the studies were observational study designs. Despite heterogeneous operational definitions between studies, worsening neighborhoodlevel socioeconomic status was associated with worsening opioid use outcomes. Ethnoracial disparities were associated with both opioid-related overdoses and treatment availability. Implications from the scoping review highlighted a need for examining lived experiences to highlight essential variables, the use of conceptual models to guide research, greater consensus on operational definitions, and diversification of study designs. Neighborhood-level factors and opioid use disorder warrant further investigation. Future research should examine structural components and policy impacts on neighborhoods and include studying lived experiences and underrepresented ethnoracial populations, such as Native American and Alaska Native peoples. Findings can inform policies, guide place-based interventions, and support individual treatment.

Perspectives about cannabis use have changed for society, clinicians, and researchers over time, and many new lines of research investigate potential health benefits versus risks of different cannabinoids. This overview for clinical practice summarizes research on cognitive effects of cannabis use across the lifespan and in clinical populations of interest, including clinical implications for nurses and other health care providers.

Background: Families are an essential resource for individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). The COVID-19 pandemic and other recent sociopolitical and economic events, such as budget cuts, rising inflation, heightened social stigma, and political uncertainty, have intensified the stress already experienced by these families. The purpose of this study was to identify the unmet needs and resources available to families of individuals with SUD, given the current sociopolitical and economic environments.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive design with semistructured interviews was used to gain insight into families' life experiences and the resources participants identified as necessary to meet the economic challenges and changing needs of the families caring for an individual with SUD. Participants ( n = 11) were purposively selected family members of individuals with SUD. Interviews both online and by telephone were recorded and transcribed verbatim using Zoom audio transcription software. Thematic analysis was completed by two researchers using MAXQDA to support data analysis.

Results: Thematic content analysis resulted in six themes associated with unmet needs identified by families: trauma-informed care; challenges specific to older adults; structural and internal stigma; family burden; technology and infrastructure barriers; and social isolation and loneliness.

Conclusions: Participants provided an insider, expert perspective to inform nursing practice and shape health policy to support families of individuals with SUD. Findings will help identify the gaps at the intersection of family health and policy, and allow for the development of interventions and resources that will meet the unmet needs of this highly stigmatized population.

Background: The knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco control among nurses are important factors in ensuring appropriate management of the tobacco dependence. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the predictors of developing positive attitudes toward tobacco control and increasing perceptions of tobacco-related training received during the nursing degree, among a cohort of Catalan nursing students.

Methods: Observational prospective study of 1,097 Catalan nursing students. Participants completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire at baseline (2015-2016) and an online survey at follow-up (2018-2019). We examined predictors of developing positive attitudes and increasing perceptions of training using Poisson regression models to compute the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs).

Results: Students in their last years of studies at baseline were less likely than those in the first years to develop a positive attitude towards the exemplary role of nursing students in tobacco control at follow-up (aPR = 0.74). Former smokers were more likely than current smokers to develop positive attitudes towards the exemplary role of health care professionals (aPR = 1.55) and, together with never smokers, to come to recognize the importance of nursing students setting a good example (aPR = 2.23 and aPR = 2.32, respectively). Last year's students were also less likely than those in the first years to increase their perceptions of tobacco-related training received (all aPR < 0.71). Never smokers were less likely than current smokers to increase their perception of training in pharmacological treatments other than nicotine replacement therapy (aPR = 0.81) and to consider themselves capable of helping smokers quit (aPR = 0.78).

Conclusions: The year of school and smoking status were strong predictors of developing positive attitudes and increasing perceptions of training in tobacco control.

Introduction: Health professionals may be susceptible to misusing alcohol due to stress and burnout. This is especially true in states with high alcohol consumption. Health care organizations can implement evidence-based policies, programs, and solutions that identify, address, and help prevent adverse outcomes and burnout for health workers. Recommendations for health care professionals are learning to recognize signs of distress, mental challenges, and burnout. Staying connected and reaching out for help is a start to getting back to basic good health habits instead of developing unhealthy habits such as the misuse of alcohol consumption. However, misuse of alcohol consumption should be seen as an occupational hazard for health professionals i high-consumption communities.

Methods: A convenience sampling of nurses in one institution was surveyed online. Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire Health and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) surveys were transcribed into RedCap and an invitation link was made available to registered nurses and graduate students through internal announcements.

Results: Eighty-two nurses completed the survey. This study found a medium association between burnout scores and AUDIT scores (η = 0.506). Our study showed a rate of 26.5% on the Pro-QOL Health secondary trauma subscale scores, with a small association (η = 0.304) between secondary trauma scores and AUDIT scores.

Conclusions: One call to action is to further coordinate research to develop tools assessing nurses on a regular basis. In communities where drinking is known to be high, misuse among health professionals should be viewed as an occupational hazard. To support nurses, we must continue to examine predictors of substance misuse at regular intervals in the work environment. Inclusive research examining and analyzing the use of alcohol by ethnicity, gender, age, and community setting is important in developing culturally appropriate interventions.

Background: Although there is substantial evidence of the negative impact of caffeine use on sleep quality, few studies focus specifically on adolescents' patterns of use. This study aimed to identify patterns of caffeine use among adolescents and analyze their association with sleep quality.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Sweden including 1,404 adolescents aged 15-17 (56.3% girls). The frequency of use for coffee, tea, and energy drinks was evaluated, as well as the quality of sleep and its dimensions. Latent class analysis and multivariate analyses were conducted.

Results: The weekly prevalence of caffeine use in adolescents reached 85% (n = 1189), with 40% (n = 559) drinking almost every day. Three caffeine-using patterns were identified: low probability caffeine use (28.1%; n = 393) characterized by sporadic use of coffee/tea, caffeinated soda use (55.2%; n = 784) related to high soda weekly consumption, and mixed caffeine use (16.7%; n = 227) that includes drinking diverse caffeine products almost every day including soda and energy drinks. Mixed caffeine pattern was associated to worse sleep followed by the soda pattern (p < .05), with significant differences observed in difficulties falling asleep (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-1.7) or waking up (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.4-2.4), greater daytime dysfunction (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1-1.7), and shorter sleep duration on schooldays (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.5-2.4).

Conclusion: Distinct severity levels were found for caffeine use patterns among adolescents based on their association with sleep quality. Findings emphasize the need for addressing caffeine misuse among adolescents to promote health and adequate sleep habits in the transition to adulthood.

Substance misuse among college students continues to rise, with polysubstance use becoming increasingly common. Alcohol remains the most prevalent substance, with heavy episodic and high-quantity drinking linked to serious consequences, including injuries, assaults, and deaths. Concurrent use of alcohol and cannabis, as well as other illicit drugs, further compounds risks to health, safety, and academic functioning. Colleges have responded with a range of recovery and harm reduction initiatives, such as Campus Recovery Communities, Collegiate Recovery Programs, and bystander-oriented efforts like the Red Watch Band Program. While these programs provide critical support, they remain limited by accessibility, scope, and their often retroactive nature. Student health services and community partnerships extend intervention capacity, but gaps persist in reaching the broader student population. To address these challenges, innovative strategies are needed that complement traditional models. Digital health tools, particularly mobile applications, present a scalable, cost-effective approach with potential to extend harm reduction, prevention, and recovery support in ways that align with student needs and behaviors. We are calling for expanded research, investment, and program development to integrate evidence-based digital solutions with campus initiatives, positioning higher education institutions to better respond to the evolving landscape of substance use.

In the United States, approximately 20 million individuals, age 12 and older, have a substance use disorder (SUD), with an average age of first-time use at 13 years old. Evidence has shown that many SUDs begin in adolescence, and involvement with the legal system can ensue. Adolescents with first-time drug and alcohol arrests can be referred to an Adolescent Intervention Program (AIP) as an alternative to jailtime from the juvenile court system. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the effectiveness of an AIP, a faith-based drug and alcohol prevention program for adolescents. The W.K. Kellogg's Step-by-Step Guide to Evaluation (2017) was utilized to evaluate the program. Kellogg's Empowerment and Culturally Responsive Evaluation approaches influenced the development of key stakeholder structured interviews (n = 5). The total number of adolescent program participants during the evaluation period was N = 2,437, with an estimated 98% program completion rate. Stakeholder interviewees reported that "for every 100 AIP participants, there is an average of 1-2 returning for a second try." And, "For every 100 AIP participants, an average of 5 or 6 are sent back to court, or a 5% AIP recidivism rate." AIP program recommendations included the development of a participant data tracking system, facility leadership succession plan, a volunteer orientation and policy manual, educational tool kits for parents and adolescents, and increasing the number of parent-involved sessions. Faith-based drug and alcohol recovery programs for adolescents can be an effective means of SUD prevention and an alternative to jail.