Journal of cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery最新文献

Multiple arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon, accounting for only 0.3-3.2% of all AVM cases. These AVMs are often found in syndromic pediatrics of HHT and WMS. Consideration of the patient's condition, the angioarchitecture of each AVM, and the hemodynamic connection of AVMs is crucial in determining the optimal therapeutic approach. However, the optimal therapeutic decision-making for these complex vascular lesions can be challenging due to the scarcity of their reports and their long-term follow-up. In this report, we present the case of a young man who presented with a headache, and DSA shows three left parietal AVMs, each with a separate nidus, feeder artery, and draining vein.

Objective: In this study, changes in treatment methods and patient prognosis were analyzed using a Korean nationwide medical insurance information database.

Methods: Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who received surgical treatment for cerebral aneurysm from 2005 to 2020 were included. The specific surgery type was classified using the surgical code and according to whether stents were used. Yearly trends in mortality rates and poor prognosis, using tracheostomy as proxy, were analyzed by a simple regression analysis. A multistep logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors of mortality and poor prognosis.

Results: Overall, 83,587 patients were included. Females were predominant (64.5%). Microsurgical clip usage rate decreased by approximately two-thirds from 78.8% in 2005 to 24.4% in 2020. Contrarily, endovascular treatment proportion gradually increased, and stent-assisted coil embolization rate surpassed microsurgical clip usage rate in 2020 (24.6% vs. 24.4%). In the multivariate analysis, endovascular treatment correlated positively with 3-month mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.19, P<0.0001), although correlated negatively with poor prognosis (tracheostomy) (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98, P=0.0050).

Conclusions: According to the treatment trend analysis, during the 16 years studied, for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm, the endovascular treatment rate increased rapidly and stent-assisted coil embolization rate surpassed that of microsurgical clip ligation. Diversification of treatment methods has led to a decrease in mortality and improved prognosis.

Complex aneurysms are a therapeutic challenge in contemporary neurosurgery. Several microsurgical and endovascular techniques have been proposed for their treatment. The picket fence clipping technique uses fenestrated clips, that are stacked not to reconstruct the neck of the aneurysm, but to create a duct to normalize the cerebral flow by reconstructing the dome. We present four illustrative cases using the picket fence clipping technique. The aneurysms considered were of different locations (ICA, MCA, AComA), of large or giant size with wide necks, in which clipping attempt with a conventional technique was not possible, so that the use of non-conventional clipping techniques had to be applied with favorable results. In our experience we found this technique useful in large and giant, wide-necked aneurysms by reconstructing the parent vessel according to the concept of the ideal closure line in these previously unreported locations, thereby restoring normal cerebral circulation. The use of non-conventional techniques for clipping complex aneurysms can be used alone or in combination for adequate treatment, preserving cerebral circulation without compromising adequate exclusion of the aneurysm. The Picket fence technique is a feasible clipping technique that can be used as a less morbid option in large and giant aneurysms with wide necks.

Intro: There is a growing preference among neurointerventionalists for transradial access (TRA) over transfemoral access (TFA) due to improved patient satisfaction, recovery time and reduced access site complication, but using balloon guide catheters (BGCs) in the radial artery remains a challenge. We report our experience in successfully using the 0.087" inner diameter Walrus BGC without a sheath via the radial artery for non-emergent neurointerventions.

Objective: Describe the technique for safely accessing the radial artery using the sheathless Walrus balloon guide catheter.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of thirteen consecutive patients who underwent intervention with radial artery access with a sheathless Walrus BGC was performed.

Results: All twelve procedures were performed successfully with no instances of conversion from TRA to TFA. There were no significant procedural or access site complications. The mean radial diameter was 2.51 mm.

Conclusions: The Walrus 0.087" ID BGC is an effective tool that can safely be used via the radial artery using a sheathless approach, which helps to maximize the size of the catheter that can be used. This is the first instance of our knowledge of this technique being utilized for neurointerventions and therefore could be used to expand the indications for TRA for a wider range of procedures.

Flow diverter (FD) is increasingly used in the management of wide necked cerebral aneurysms. Despite a reported lower efficacy in middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms, they are still being utilised. Microsurgery is best considered as an index treatment, but can also be a safe and effective treatment when encountering a persistent MCA aneurysm after prior FD. As there is a paucity in literature and more cases of failed FD are expected to appear, we want to add our experience to the existing literature. The microsurgical management of a persistent MCA bifurcation aneurysm, 3 years after a p48 MW HPC Flow Diverter (phenox GmbH, Bochum Germany) insertion is reported and the relevant literature discussed.

Giant cerebellar cavernomas in children are rare and must be differentiated from hemorrhagic cerebellar tumors. The diagnosis and treatment of giant cerebellar cavernomas is challenging, but complete surgical resection can lead to favorable outcomes and complete neurological recovery in most cases. We present a case of eight months old baby who was diagnosed with a giant cavernoma resulting in secondary obstructive hydrocephalus with neuropsychiatric presentations. The patient underwent a paramedian craniotomy surgery with a suboccipital approach and complete surgical resection of the cavernoma was done. Over nine months of observation, the child showed improvement in their ability to walk and fully recovered from a neurological perspective. We also conducted a literature review to identify eleven cases of giant cerebellar cavernomas in children, including our case. The data were analyzed to determine the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of giant cerebellar cavernomas in children.

Objective: As the prevalence of neuroendovascular interventions increases, it is critical to mitigate unnecessary radiation for patients, providers, and health care staff. Our group previously demonstrated reduced radiation dose and exposure during diagnostic angiography by reducing the default pulse and frame rates. We applied the same technique for basic neuroendovascular interventions.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of prospectively acquired data after implementing a quality improvement protocol in which pulse rate and frame rate were reduced from 15 p/s to 7.5 p/s and 7.5 f/s to 4.0 f/s respectively. We studied consecutive, unilateral middle meningeal artery embolizations treated with particles. Total radiation dose, radiation per angiographic run, total radiation exposure, and exposure per run were calculated. Multivariable log-linear regression was performed to account for patient body mass index (BMI), number of angiographic runs, and number of vessels catheterized.

Results: A total of 20 consecutive, unilateral middle meningeal artery embolizations were retrospectively analyzed. The radiation reduction protocol was associated with a 39.2% decrease in the total radiation dose and a 37.1% decrease in radiation dose per run. The protocol was associated with a 41.6% decrease in the total radiation exposure and a 39.5% decrease in exposure per run.

Conclusions: Radiation reduction protocols can be readily applied to neuroendovascular interventions without increasing overall fluoroscopy time and reduce radiation dose and exposure by 39.2% and 41.6% respectively. We strongly encourage all interventionalists to be cognizant of pulse rate and frame rate when performing routine interventions.

Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q) is a rare but clinically recognized syndrome that involves facial dysmorphisms, skeletal abnormalities, and global developmental delay, as well as various reports of cardiovascular, renal, and central nervous system abnormalities. This report presents a novel neuroradiologic finding of diffuse enlarged, tortuous cortical veins with physiological antegrade flow in a child with a microduplication of the distal end of 17q. To our knowledge, this finding has not been described previously. Although the exact cause for the cortical vascular anomaly is currently unknown, this duplicated region contains genes of interest for future studies that focus on normal and abnormal angiogenesis.

Objective: We evaluated the role of subgaleal closed suction drains in postoperative epidural hematoma (EDH) and wound complications following pterional craniotomy for cerebral aneurysm.

Methods: We reviewed 5,280 pterional craniotomies performed on 5,139 patients between January 2006 and December 2020. A drain was placed subgalealy and tip of drain was positioned between the bone flap and the deep temporalis. 1,637 cases (31%) had a subgaleal suction drain. We analyzed demographic and clinical variables related to EDH requiring evacuation and wound complications in patients with and without drains. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associated risk factors.

Results: Fourteen cases (0.27%) of EDH requiring evacuation and 30 cases (0.57%) of wound complications were identified. Univariate analysis found that drain insertion, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and operation time were associated with EDH, while drain insertion, SAH, male gender, older age, and longer operation time were associated with wound complications. Multivariate analysis found no significant association between drain use and EDH (OR=1.62, p=0.402) or wound complications (OR=1.45, p=0.342).

Conclusions: Routine use of subgaleal closed suction drains may not be necessary after pterional craniotomy, as drain insertion was not associated with a reduced risk of EDH requiring evacuation or wound complications.

Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS) is an uncommon disease with kaleidoscopic clinical manifestations. Ischemic strokes are commoner than their hemorrhagic counterpart. Intracranial pseudoaneurysms are rarely reported in PACNS cohorts. We hereby describe the case of a 39-year-old female, who presented for evaluation of acute onset of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke, with cerebral angiogram showing multifocal stenosis and irregularities in intracranial blood vessels with an aneurysm arising from the lenticulostriate branch of the left MCA M1 segment. A diagnosis of probable PACNS was made and patient initiated on immunomodulatory treatment with corticosteroids. 12 weeks follow up neuroimaging studies revealed resolution of the previously described intracranial aneurysm, thereby postulating the possibility of a pseudoaneurysm related to the underlying angiitis.