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Results of a large-scale humeri pair matching study. 大规模肱骨配对研究的结果。
Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15642
Carrie B LeGarde

During the analysis of a commingled human remains assemblage, pair-matching is often conducted as part of the inventory to inform the DNA sampling strategy and to calculate the minimum or most likely number of individuals. As commingled assemblages become larger, pair-matching becomes more difficult, and it is unknown whether accuracy declines. Therefore, a study to determine the accuracy rates of visual pair-matching for multiple observers was conducted on a large, commingled human assemblage. The sample consisted of 580 left and right humeri (n = 287 and n = 293, respectively) from the commingled remains of the USS Oklahoma, which were undergoing analysis at the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. Five anthropologists completed this study, determining humeri pairs with varying degrees of confidence and non-pairs. The overall precision was 81.0% and ranged from 74.1% to 95.9% for participants, including all confidence levels. When considering only confident matches, the overall precision for all participants increased to 91.4%.

在分析混合人类遗骸时,通常会进行配对,作为清点工作的一部分,以便为 DNA 采样策略提供信息,并计算出最少或最可能的个体数量。随着混合遗骸的规模增大,配对变得更加困难,准确性是否会下降尚不得而知。因此,我们对一个大型的人类混合群体进行了一项研究,以确定多个观察者视觉配对的准确率。样本包括 580 个左右肱骨(分别为 287 个和 293 个),这些肱骨来自俄克拉荷马号战舰的混杂遗骸,国防部战俘/失踪人员核算局正在对这些遗骸进行分析。五位人类学家完成了这项研究,以不同的置信度确定了肱骨配对和非配对。总体精确度为 81.0%,参与者的精确度从 74.1%到 95.9%不等,包括所有置信度。如果只考虑有把握的配对,所有参与者的总体精确度提高到 91.4%。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between four indicators of future time orientation, criminal thinking style, and illegal behaviors. 未来时间取向的四个指标、犯罪思维方式和违法行为之间的关系。
Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15640
Danielle Squillaro, Michael T Bixter

Individuals who commit criminal behaviors are often thought to prioritize short-term goals rather than long-term goals (i.e., a present vs. a future time orientation). Though previous theories of crime and empirical research support a relationship among future time orientation, criminal thinking, and illegal behaviors, there is disagreement in the literature about how to operationalize the multidimensional construct of future time orientation. The primary aim of this pre-registered survey study was to measure multiple components of future time orientation to better understand the relationship with criminality-related outcomes. Participants were 248 undergraduate college students. Survey materials included a measure of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11), self-control (Brief Self-Control Scale), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire), and Carstensen's Future Time Perspective Scale. Participants also completed two measures of criminal thinking style (the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scale, the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale) and an illegal behaviors checklist. Bivariate results demonstrated a negative relationship between future time orientation (i.e., low impulsivity, high self-control, high future time perspective) and criminal thinking style. The relationship between delay discounting and criminal thinking was in the hypothesized direction but failed to reach statistical significance. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the measure of self-control had the most consistent and incrementally significant relationship with both criminal thinking style and illegal behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed along with study limitations and future directions.

实施犯罪行为的人通常被认为优先考虑短期目标而非长期目标(即现在与未来的时间取向)。虽然以往的犯罪理论和实证研究都支持未来时间取向、犯罪想法和违法行为之间存在关系,但对于如何操作未来时间取向这一多维结构,文献中存在分歧。这项预先登记的调查研究的主要目的是测量未来时间取向的多个组成部分,以更好地了解其与犯罪相关结果之间的关系。参与者为 248 名本科大学生。调查材料包括对冲动性(巴拉特冲动量表-11)、自控力(简明自控力量表)、延迟贴现(货币选择问卷)和卡斯滕森未来时间观点量表的测量。受试者还完成了两项犯罪思维方式测量(德克萨斯基督教大学犯罪思维量表和犯罪认知量表)和一份非法行为清单。双变量结果表明,未来时间取向(即低冲动性、高自制力、高未来时间视角)与犯罪思维方式之间存在负相关。延迟折现与犯罪思维之间的关系与假设方向一致,但未达到统计学显著性。多元回归分析表明,自我控制能力与犯罪思维方式和违法行为之间的关系最为一致,且具有递增显著性。本文讨论了研究结果的理论和实践意义,以及研究的局限性和未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis of human nails: Implications for age determination in forensics. 人体指甲的衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)分析:法医学中年龄测定的意义。
Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15641
Bilkis Mitu, Václav Trojan, Radovan Hrib, Lenka Halámková

A person's age estimation from biological evidence is a crucial aspect of forensic investigations, aiding in victim identification and criminal profiling. In this study, we present a novel approach of utilizing Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy to predict the age of donors based on nail samples. A diverse dataset comprising nails from donors spanning different age groups was analyzed using ATR FT-IR, with subsequent multivariate analysis techniques used for age prediction. The developed partial least squares regression (PLS-R) model demonstrated promising accuracy in age estimation, with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) equal to 11.1 during external validation. Additionally, a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification model achieved high accuracy of 88% in classifying donors into younger and older age groups during external validation. This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy as a non-destructive and efficient tool for age estimation in forensic investigations, offering a new approach to forensic analysis with practical implications.

从生物证据推测一个人的年龄是法医调查的一个重要方面,有助于受害者身份鉴定和犯罪特征分析。在本研究中,我们提出了一种利用衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR FT-IR)来根据指甲样本预测捐献者年龄的新方法。利用衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱分析了由不同年龄组捐献者的指甲组成的多样化数据集,随后使用多元分析技术进行年龄预测。所开发的偏最小二乘回归(PLS-R)模型在年龄估计方面表现出良好的准确性,在外部验证过程中,预测的均方根误差(RMSEP)等于 11.1。此外,在外部验证中,偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)分类模型将捐献者分为年轻和年长年龄组的准确率高达 88%。这项概念验证研究凸显了 ATR 傅立叶变换红外光谱作为法医调查中年龄估计的非破坏性高效工具的潜力,为法医分析提供了一种具有实际意义的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius: Undercover agents in forensic investigations. 臭虫,Cimex lectularius:法医调查中的卧底。
Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15638
Kelly A Meiklejohn, Coby Schal, Khalid M Lodhi

Insects have long played a role in forensic investigations and can be used to estimate minimum time since death, corpse translocation, and link an individual to a crime scene. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are wingless ectoparasitic insects of potential forensic utility, given that all mobile life stages feed on vertebrate blood. Successful profiling of autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) from human DNA isolated from bed bugs has been previously reported. This proof-of-concept study looked to expand this work and determine any possible limitations of using bed bugs for both rapid stain identification (RSID™) for human blood and Y-STR profiling. To achieve this, bed bugs were fed either human male only or human pooled (female:male) blood for 30 min and subsequently collected at 12-h intervals up to 108 h post-blood meal (PBM). RSID™ blood testing was successful from the bed bug carcass remaining after DNA isolation, regardless of blood meal type and time of collection PBM. Complete Y-STR profiles were generated from bed bugs <60 h PBM. As the time PBM increased, DNA quantity decreased, while the degradation index increased. Collection of bed bugs at a crime scene could provide a valuable source of human blood for Y STR profiling and be used to link an individual to a crime scene or for potential male suspect exclusion. Future studies should look to replicate the results of this proof-of-concept study with larger numbers of bed bugs, more diverse blood donors, and additional STR profiling kits.

长期以来,昆虫在法医调查中一直扮演着重要角色,可用于估算死亡后的最短时间、尸体转移以及将个体与犯罪现场联系起来。臭虫(Cimex lectularius)是一种无翅的外寄生昆虫,其所有移动生命阶段都以脊椎动物的血液为食,因此具有潜在的法医学用途。以前曾有报道称,从臭虫体内分离出的人类 DNA 成功分析出常染色体短串联重复序列 (STR)。这项概念验证研究旨在扩展这项工作,并确定使用臭虫进行人类血液快速染色鉴定(RSID™)和 Y-STR 分析可能存在的局限性。为此,研究人员给臭虫喂食人类雄性血液或人类混合(雌性:雄性)血液 30 分钟,然后每隔 12 小时收集一次,直至血餐后 108 小时(PBM)。无论血餐类型和 PBM 采集时间如何,RSID™ 血液检测都能从 DNA 分离后剩余的臭虫尸体中成功完成。从臭虫身上生成了完整的 Y-STR 图谱
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引用次数: 0
Genotyping strategies for tissues fixed with various embalming fluids for human identification, databasing, and traceability. 用各种防腐液固定的组织的基因分型策略,用于人类识别、数据库和可追溯性。
Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15414
Madeline Ashton, Natalia Czado, Michelle Harrel, Sheree Hughes

Within anatomical willed body programs and skeletal collections, whole bodies and their disassociated limbs and organs are identified and tracked. However, if these tracking mechanisms fail, DNA recovered from the formalin-fixed tissues/organs could provide an additional layer of quality assurance. Embalming fluids preserve biological tissues; however, they also damage, fragment, and cross-link DNA and protein molecules. This project investigated the success of STR-typing from various soft tissue and bone samples that were fixed with embalming solutions with a range of formaldehyde concentrations. Formalin-fixed samples dissected from five cadavers, including skin, muscle, bone, heart, and kidney were used in Phase 1 of this study. In Phase 2, an additional 57 tissue samples from various embalmed organs and body parts were collected to demonstrate long-term fixation and direct applicability within a body donor program. DNA was extracted from the samples using the QIAamp® FFPE Tissue Kit (QIAGEN), quantified with the Investigator® QuantiPlex® Pro RGQ qPCR Kit (QIAGEN), and amplified using the Investigator® 24plex and 26plex QS Kits and the Investigator® DIPplex Kit (QIAGEN). The results show the DNA was severely damaged, degraded, and often in low amounts (after one year post-embalming). Sampling from skin and muscle tissues embalmed with ~2.5%-5% formaldehyde solutions appears to be the best strategy for identification, while also maintaining the preservation of the tissues. The results of this project can provide informative data when determining which genotyping strategy may be best suited for the identification, re-association, and establishment of a database for the provenance of formalin-fixed human remains.

在解剖意愿身体程序和骨骼采集中,整个身体及其分离的肢体和器官都被识别和跟踪。然而,如果这些跟踪机制失败,从福尔马林固定的组织/器官中回收的DNA可以提供额外的质量保证层。防腐液保存生物组织;然而,它们也会损伤、碎片化和交联DNA和蛋白质分子。该项目调查了用一系列甲醛浓度的防腐溶液固定的各种软组织和骨骼样本的STR分型的成功。本研究的第一阶段使用了从五具尸体上解剖的福尔马林固定样本,包括皮肤、肌肉、骨骼、心脏和肾脏。在第二阶段,从各种防腐器官和身体部位收集了另外57个组织样本,以证明长期固定和在身体捐献者计划中的直接适用性。使用QIAamp®FFPE组织试剂盒(QIAGEN)从样本中提取DNA,使用Investigator®QuantiPlex®Pro RGQ qPCR试剂盒(QIAGEN)进行定量,并使用Investirator®24plex和26plex QS试剂盒以及Investigator®;DIPplex试剂盒(Q IAGEN)进行扩增。结果表明,DNA严重受损、降解,而且数量通常很少(防腐一年后)。从用~2.5%-5%甲醛溶液防腐的皮肤和肌肉组织中取样似乎是鉴定的最佳策略,同时也能保持组织的保存。该项目的结果可以在确定哪种基因分型策略最适合福尔马林固定人类遗骸来源的鉴定、重新关联和建立数据库时提供信息性数据。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of forensic sciences
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