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SAFE-OPT: a Bayesian optimization algorithm for learning optimal deep brain stimulation parameters with safety constraints. SAFE-OPT:贝叶斯优化算法,用于学习具有安全约束的最佳深部脑刺激参数。
Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad6cf3
Eric R Cole, Mark J Connolly, Mihir Ghetiya, Mohammad E S Sendi, Adam Kashlan, Thomas E Eggers, Robert E Gross

Objective.To treat neurological and psychiatric diseases with deep brain stimulation (DBS), a trained clinician must select parameters for each patient by monitoring their symptoms and side-effects in a months-long trial-and-error process, delaying optimal clinical outcomes. Bayesian optimization has been proposed as an efficient method to quickly and automatically search for optimal parameters. However, conventional Bayesian optimization does not account for patient safety and could trigger unwanted or dangerous side-effects.Approach.In this study we develop SAFE-OPT, a Bayesian optimization algorithm designed to learn subject-specific safety constraints to avoid potentially harmful stimulation settings during optimization. We prototype and validate SAFE-OPT using a rodent multielectrode stimulation paradigm which causes subject-specific performance deficits in a spatial memory task. We first use data from an initial cohort of subjects to build a simulation where we design the best SAFE-OPT configuration for safe and accurate searchingin silico. Main results.We then deploy both SAFE-OPT and conventional Bayesian optimization without safety constraints in new subjectsin vivo, showing that SAFE-OPT can find an optimally high stimulation amplitude that does not harm task performance with comparable sample efficiency to Bayesian optimization and without selecting amplitude values that exceed the subject's safety threshold.Significance.The incorporation of safety constraints will provide a key step for adopting Bayesian optimization in real-world applications of DBS.

目的: 利用深部脑刺激治疗神经和精神疾病时,训练有素的临床医生必须通过监测每位患者的症状和副作用,在长达数月的试错过程中为其选择参数,从而延误了最佳临床治疗效果。有人提出贝叶斯优化法是一种快速自动搜索最佳参数的有效方法。然而,传统的贝叶斯优化并不考虑患者的安全,可能会引发不必要或危险的副作用:在这项研究中,我们开发了 SAFE-OPT,这是一种贝叶斯优化算法,旨在学习特定受试者的安全约束,以避免在优化过程中出现潜在的有害刺激设置。我们利用啮齿类动物多电极刺激范例对 SAFE-OPT 进行了原型设计和验证,该范例会导致受试者在空间记忆任务中出现特定的表现缺陷。我们首先利用一组初始受试者的数据建立了一个模拟,并在此基础上设计了最佳的 SAFE-OPT 配置,以实现安全、准确的硅搜索。 主要结果: 然后,我们在体内的新受试者身上部署了 SAFE-OPT 和传统的贝叶斯优化,结果表明 SAFE-OPT 可以找到不损害任务性能的最佳高刺激振幅,其样本效率与贝叶斯优化相当,而且不会选择超出受试者安全阈值的振幅值。 结论: 安全约束的加入将为在脑深部刺激的实际应用中采用贝叶斯优化法迈出关键一步。
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引用次数: 0
Endovascular stimulation of the pudendal nerve using a stent-mounted electrode array. 使用安装在支架上的电极阵列对阴部神经进行血管内刺激。
Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad6590
JingYang Liu, David B Grayden, Janet R Keast, Sam E John

Objective. Previous preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that pudendal nerve is a promising target for restoring bladder control. The spatial proximity between the pudendal nerve and its accompanying blood vessels in the pudendal canal provides an opportunity for endovascular neurostimulation, which is a less invasive approach compared to conventional chronically implanted electrodes. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of excitatory stimulation and kilohertz-frequency block of the compound pudendal nerve in sheep using a stent-mounted electrode array.Approach. In a set of acute animal experiments, a commercially available hexapolar electrode catheter was introduced in the unilateral internal pudendal artery to deliver bipolar electrical stimulation of the adjacent compound pudendal nerve. The catheter electrode was replaced with a custom-made stent-mounted electrode array and the stimulation sessions were repeated. Global electromyogram activity of the pelvic floor and related sphincter muscles was recorded with a monopolar electrode placed within the urethra concurrently.Main results. We demonstrated the feasibility of endovascular stimulation of the pudendal nerve with both electrode types. The threshold current of endovascular stimulation was influenced by electrode-nerve distance and electrode orientation. Increasing the axial inter-electrode distance significantly decreased threshold current. Endovascular kilohertz-frequency nerve block was possible with the electrode catheter.Significance. The present study demonstrated that endovascular stimulation of the pudendal nerve with the stent-mounted electrode array may be a promising less invasive alternative to conventional implantable electrodes, which has important clinical implications in the treatment of urinary incontinence. Endovascular blocking of pudendal nerve may provide an alternative solution to the bladder-sphincter dyssynergia problem in bladder management for people with spinal cord injury.

目的:以往的临床前和临床研究表明,阴部神经是恢复膀胱控制的一个很有前景的靶点。阴部神经和其在阴部管内的伴行血管之间的空间接近性为血管内神经刺激提供了机会,与传统的慢性植入电极相比,这是一种创伤较小的方法。在这项研究中,我们利用安装在支架上的电极阵列研究了对绵羊的复发性阴部神经进行兴奋刺激和千赫兹频率阻断的可行性:在一组急性动物实验中,将市售的六极电极导管插入单侧阴茎内动脉,对邻近的复发性阴茎神经进行双极电刺激。将导管电极更换为定制的支架安装电极阵列,然后重复刺激疗程。同时记录了尿道外括约肌的整体肌电图(EMG)活动:我们证明了用两种电极类型对阴茎神经传出进行血管内刺激的可行性。血管内刺激的阈值电流受电极-神经间距和电极方向的影响。增加电极间的轴向距离可显著降低阈值电流。使用电极导管可进行血管内千赫频率神经阻滞:本研究表明,用安装在支架上的电极阵列对阴茎神经进行血管内刺激可能是一种很有前途的微创疗法,可替代传统的植入式电极,这对治疗尿失禁具有重要的临床意义。在脊髓损伤患者的膀胱管理中,血管内阻断阴部神经传出可能是解决膀胱括约肌协同障碍问题的另一种方法。
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引用次数: 0
RSVP-based BCI for inconspicuous targets: detection, localization, and modulation of attention. 基于 RSVP 的不显眼目标 BCI:检测、定位和注意力调节。
Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad658e
Qian Zhou, Qi Zhang, Baozeng Wang, Yang Yang, Zijian Yuan, Siwei Li, Yuwei Zhao, Ying Zhu, Zhongbao Gao, Jin Zhou, Changyong Wang

Objective.While brain-computer interface (BCI) based on rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) is widely used in target detection, patterns of event-related potential (ERP), as well as the performance on detecting inconspicuous targets remain unknown. Moreover, participant-screening methods to excluded 'BCI-blind' users are still lacking.Approach.A RSVP paradigm was designed with targets of varied concealment, size, and location. ERPs (e.g. P300 and N2pc) and target detection accuracy were compared among these conditions. The relationship between participants' attention scores and target detection accuracy was also analyzed to test attention level as a criterion for participant screening.Main results.Statistical analysis showed that the conditions of target concealment and size significantly influenced ERP. In particular, ERP for inconspicuous targets, such as concealed and small targets, exhibited lower amplitudes and longer latencies. In consistent, the accuracy of detection in inconspicuous condition was significantly lower than that of conspicuous condition. In addition, a significant association was found between attention scores and target detection accuracy for camouflaged targets.Significance.The study was the first to address ERP features among multiple dimensions of concealment, size, and location. The conclusion provided insights into the relationship between ERP decoding and properties of targets. In addition, the association between attention scores and detection accuracy implied a promising method in screening well-behaved participants for camouflaged target detection.

目的:虽然基于快速序列视觉呈现(RSVP)的脑机接口(BCI)被广泛应用于目标检测,但事件相关电位(ERP)的模式以及检测不显眼目标的性能仍然未知。此外,还缺乏排除 "BCI盲 "用户的参与者筛选方法:方法:设计了一个 RSVP 范式,目标具有不同的隐蔽性、大小和位置。在这些条件下比较了ERP(如P300和N2pc)和目标检测准确性。此外,还分析了参与者的注意力得分与目标检测准确率之间的关系,以测试注意力水平作为筛选参与者的标准:统计分析显示,目标隐蔽性和大小对 ERP 有显著影响。主要结果:统计分析显示,目标隐蔽性和目标大小对ERP有明显影响,尤其是隐蔽目标和小目标等不明显目标的ERP振幅更低,潜伏期更长。一致的是,不明显条件下的检测准确率明显低于明显条件下的检测准确率。此外,研究还发现,对于伪装目标,注意力得分与目标检测准确率之间存在明显关联:该研究首次探讨了隐藏、大小和位置等多个维度的ERP特征。结论为ERP解码与目标特性之间的关系提供了见解。此外,注意力得分与检测准确性之间的关联意味着,这是一种筛选行为良好的参与者进行伪装目标检测的可行方法。
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引用次数: 0
MRGazer: decoding eye gaze points from functional magnetic resonance imaging in individual space. MRGazer:从个体空间的功能性磁共振成像解码眼球注视点。
Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad6185
Xiuwen Wu, Rongjie Hu, Jie Liang, Yanming Wang, Bensheng Qiu, Xiaoxiao Wang

Objective. Eye-tracking research has proven valuable in understanding numerous cognitive functions. Recently, Freyet alprovided an exciting deep learning method for learning eye movements from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. It employed the multi-step co-registration of fMRI into the group template to obtain eyeball signal, and thus required additional templates and was time consuming. To resolve this issue, in this paper, we propose a framework named MRGazer for predicting eye gaze points from fMRI in individual space.Approach. The MRGazer consists of an eyeball extraction module and a residual network-based eye gaze prediction module. Compared to the previous method, the proposed framework skips the fMRI co-registration step, simplifies the processing protocol, and achieves end-to-end eye gaze regression.Main results. The proposed method achieved superior performance in eye fixation regression (Euclidean error, EE = 2.04°) than the co-registration-based method (EE = 2.89°), and delivered objective results within a shorter time (∼0.02 s volume-1) than prior method (∼0.3 s volume-1).Significance. The MRGazer is an efficient, simple, and accurate deep learning framework for predicting eye movement from fMRI data, and can be employed during fMRI scans in psychological and cognitive research. The code is available athttps://github.com/ustc-bmec/MRGazer.

眼动跟踪研究已被证明对了解许多认知功能很有价值。最近,Frey 等人提供了一种令人兴奋的深度学习方法,用于从功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)数据中学习眼球运动。该方法采用将 fMRI 多步共注册到组模板中的方法来获取眼球信号,因此需要额外的模板,而且耗时较长。为了解决这个问题,我们在本文中提出了一个名为 MRGazer 的框架,用于从个体空间的 fMRI 预测眼球注视点。MRGazer 由眼球提取模块和基于残差网络的眼球注视预测模块组成。与之前的方法相比,所提出的框架跳过了 fMRI 协同注册步骤,简化了处理协议,实现了端到端的眼注视回归。与基于共登记的方法(EE=2.89°)相比,提出的方法在眼球固定回归(欧氏误差,EE=2.04°)方面取得了更优越的性能,并且与之前的方法(约0.3秒/卷)相比,能在更短的时间内(约0.02秒/卷)提供客观的结果。代码见 https://github.com/ustc-bmec/MRGazer。
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引用次数: 0
SomaSeg: a robust neuron identification framework for two-photon imaging video. SomaSeg:双光子成像视频的稳健神经元识别框架。
Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad6591
Junjie Wu, Hanbin Wang, Weizheng Gao, Rong Wei, Jue Zhang

Objective.Accurate neuron identification is fundamental to the analysis of neuronal population dynamics and signal extraction in fluorescence videos. However, several factors such as severe imaging noise, out-of-focus neuropil contamination, and adjacent neuron overlap would impair the performance of neuron identification algorithms and lead to errors in neuron shape and calcium activity extraction, or ultimately compromise the reliability of analysis conclusions.Approach.To address these challenges, we developed a novel cascade framework named SomaSeg. This framework integrates Duffing denoising and neuropil contamination defogging for video enhancement, and an overlapping instance segmentation network for stacked neurons differentiating.Main results.Compared with the state-of-the-art neuron identification methods, both simulation and actual experimental results demonstrate that SomaSeg framework is robust to noise, insensitive to out-of-focus contamination and effective in dealing with overlapping neurons in actual complex imaging scenarios.Significance.The SomaSeg framework provides a widely applicable solution for two-photon video processing, which enhances the reliability of neuron identification and exhibits value in distinguishing visually confusing neurons.

准确的神经元识别是荧光视频中神经元群动态分析和信号提取的基础。然而,严重的成像噪声、焦外神经瞳孔污染和相邻神经元重叠等因素会影响神经元识别算法的性能,导致神经元形状和钙活动提取错误,或最终影响分析结论的可靠性。在此,为了应对这些挑战,我们开发了一种新型级联框架--SomaSeg,它结合了 Duffing 去噪、神经纤元污染消雾和堆叠实例区分。与最先进的神经元识别方法相比,模拟和实际实验结果都证明 SomaSeg 框架对噪声具有鲁棒性,对焦外污染不敏感,并能有效处理实际复杂成像场景中的重叠神经元,为双光子视频处理提供了一个广泛适用的框架。
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引用次数: 0
Proprioception enhancement for robot assisted neural rehabilitation: a dynamic electrical stimulation based method and preliminary results from EEG analysis. 增强机器人辅助神经康复的运动感觉:基于动态电刺激的方法和脑电图分析的初步结果。
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad68a5
Yuze Jiao, Weiqun Wang, Jiaxing Wang, Zeng-Guang Hou

Objective.In recent years, the robot assisted (RA) rehabilitation training has been widely used to counteract defects of the manual one provided by physiotherapists. However, since the proprioception feedback provided by the robotic assistance or the manual methods is relatively weak for the paralyzed patients, their rehabilitation efficiency is still limited. In this study, a dynamic electrical stimulation (DES) based proprioception enhancement and the associated quantitative analysis methods have been proposed to overcome the limitation mentioned above.Approach.Firstly, the DES based proprioception enhancement method was proposed for the RA neural rehabilitation. In the method, the relationship between the surface electromyogram (sEMG) envelope of the specified muscle and the associated joint angles was constructed, and the electrical stimulation (ES) pulses for the certain joint angles were designed by consideration of the corresponding sEMG envelope, based on which the ES can be dynamically regulated during the rehabilitation training. Secondly, power spectral density, source estimation, and event-related desynchronization of electroencephalogram, were combinedly used to quantitatively analyze the proprioception from multiple perspectives, based on which more comprehensive and reliable analysis results can be obtained. Thirdly, four modes of rehabilitation training tasks, namely active, RA, DES-RA, and ES-only training, were designed for the comparison experiment and validation of the proposed DES based proprioception enhancement method.Main results.The results indicated that the activation of the sensorimotor cortex was significantly enhanced when the DES was added, and the cortex activation for the DES-RA training was similar to that for the active training. Meanwhile, relatively consistent results from the multiple perspectives were obtained, which validates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed proprioception analysis method.Significance.The proposed methods have the potential to be applied in the practical rehabilitation training to improve the rehabilitation efficiency.

目的:近年来,机器人辅助(RA)康复训练已被广泛应用,以弥补物理治疗师提供的徒手康复训练的缺陷。然而,由于机器人辅助或人工方法对瘫痪病人的本体感觉反馈相对较弱,其康复效率仍然有限。本研究提出了一种基于动态电刺激(DES)的本体感觉增强方法和相关的定量分析方法,以克服上述局限性:首先,针对 RA 神经康复提出了基于 DES 的本体感觉增强方法。在该方法中,构建了指定肌肉的表面肌电图(sEMG)包络与相关关节角度之间的关系,并根据相应的sEMG包络设计了特定关节角度的电刺激(ES)脉冲,在此基础上可在康复训练过程中动态调节ES。其次,结合脑电图的功率谱密度、源估计和事件相关非同步化等方法,从多个角度对本体感觉进行定量分析,从而获得更全面、更可靠的分析结果。第三,设计了四种康复训练任务模式,即主动训练、RA训练、DES-RA训练和ES训练,对所提出的基于DES的本体感觉增强方法进行对比实验和验证:结果表明,加入DES后,感觉运动皮层的激活明显增强,DES-RA训练的皮层激活与主动训练相似。同时,从多个角度得出了相对一致的结果,这验证了所提出的本体感觉分析方法的有效性和稳健性:意义:所提出的方法有望应用于实际康复训练中,以提高康复效率。
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引用次数: 0
Explainable artificial intelligence approaches for brain-computer interfaces: a review and design space. 用于脑机接口的可解释人工智能方法:回顾与设计空间。
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad6593
Param Rajpura, Hubert Cecotti, Yogesh Kumar Meena

Objective.This review paper provides an integrated perspective of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques applied to Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). BCIs use predictive models to interpret brain signals for various high-stake applications. However, achieving explainability in these complex models is challenging as it compromises accuracy. Trust in these models can be established by incorporating reasoning or causal relationships from domain experts. The field of XAI has emerged to address the need for explainability across various stakeholders, but there is a lack of an integrated perspective in XAI for BCI (XAI4BCI) literature. It is necessary to differentiate key concepts like explainability, interpretability, and understanding, often used interchangeably in this context, and formulate a comprehensive framework.Approach.To understand the need of XAI for BCI, we pose six key research questions for a systematic review and meta-analysis, encompassing its purposes, applications, usability, and technical feasibility. We employ the PRISMA methodology-preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses to review (n = 1246) and analyse (n = 84) studies published in 2015 and onwards for key insights.Main results.The results highlight that current research primarily focuses on interpretability for developers and researchers, aiming to justify outcomes and enhance model performance. We discuss the unique approaches, advantages, and limitations of XAI4BCI from the literature. We draw insights from philosophy, psychology, and social sciences. We propose a design space for XAI4BCI, considering the evolving need to visualise and investigate predictive model outcomes customised for various stakeholders in the BCI development and deployment lifecycle.Significance.This paper is the first to focus solely on reviewing XAI4BCI research articles. This systematic review and meta-analysis findings with the proposed design space prompt important discussions on establishing standards for BCI explanations, highlighting current limitations, and guiding the future of XAI in BCI.

目的:这篇综述论文从综合角度阐述了应用于脑机接口(BCIs)的可解释人工智能(XAI)技术。BCIs 使用预测模型来解释大脑信号,用于各种高风险应用。然而,在这些复杂的模型中实现可解释性具有挑战性,因为这会影响准确性。可以通过纳入领域专家的推理或因果关系来建立对这些模型的信任。为了满足不同利益相关者对可解释性的需求,XAI 领域应运而生,但在 XAI for BCI(XAI4BCI)文献中缺乏综合视角。有必要区分可解释性、可解释性和可理解性等关键概念(这些概念在此背景下经常交替使用),并制定一个全面的框架:为了解 XAI 对 BCI 的需求,我们提出了六个关键研究问题 (RQ),对其目的、应用、可用性和技术可行性进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。我们采用了PRISMA方法--系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目,对2015年及以后发表的研究进行了综述(n=1246)和分析(n=84),以获得关键见解:主要结果:研究结果突出表明,目前的研究主要关注开发人员和研究人员的可解释性,旨在证明结果的合理性并提高模型性能。我们从文献中讨论了 XAI4BCI 的独特方法、优势和局限性。我们从哲学、心理学和社会科学中汲取见解。考虑到在生物识别(BCI)开发和部署生命周期中为不同利益相关者定制可视化和调查预测模型结果的需求不断发展,我们提出了 XAI4BCI 的设计空间:本文是第一篇专门针对 XAI4BCI 研究文章的综述。这篇系统性综述和荟萃分析结果以及所提出的设计空间促使人们就建立 BCI 解释标准、强调当前局限性以及指导 BCI 中 XAI 的未来展开重要讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Ultra-high frequency repetitive TMS at subthreshold intensity induces suprathreshold motor response via temporal summation. 阈下强度的超高频重复经颅磁刺激可通过时间总和诱导阈上运动反应。
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad692f
Hieu Nguyen, Charlotte Qiong Li, Samantha Hoffman, Zhi-De Deng, Yihong Yang, Hanbing Lu

Objective.The transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil induces an electric field that diminishes rapidly upon entering the brain. This presents a challenge in achieving focal stimulation of a deep brain structure. Neuronal elements, including axons, dendrites, and cell bodies, exhibit specific time constants. When exposed to repetitive TMS pulses at a high frequency, there is a cumulative effect on neuronal membrane potentials, resulting in temporal summation. This study aims to determine whether TMS pulse train at high-frequency and subthreshold intensity could induce a suprathreshold response.Approach.As a proof of concept, we developed a TMS machine in-house that could consistently output pulses up to 250 Hz, and performed experiments on 22 awake rats to test whether temporal summation was detectable under pulse trains at 100, 166, or 250 Hz.Main results.Results revealed that TMS pulses at 55% maximum stimulator output (MSO, peak dI/dt= 68.5 A/μs at 100% MSO, pulse width = 48μs) did not induce motor responses with either single pulses or pulse trains. Similarly, a single TMS pulse at 65% MSO failed to evoke a motor response in rats; however, a train of TMS pulses at frequencies of 166 and 250 Hz, but not at 100 Hz, successfully triggered motor responses and MEP signals, suggesting a temporal summation effect dependent on both pulse intensities and pulse train frequencies.Significance.We propose that the temporal summation effect can be leveraged to design the next-generation focal TMS system: by sequentially driving multiple coils at high-frequency and subthreshold intensity, areas with the most significant overlapping E-fields undergo maximal temporal summation effects, resulting in a suprathreshold response.

目的:经颅磁刺激(TMS经颅磁刺激(TMS)线圈产生的电场在进入大脑后会迅速减弱。这给实现对大脑深层结构的聚焦刺激带来了挑战。神经元元件,包括轴突、树突和细胞体,都表现出特定的时间常数。当暴露于高频率的重复经颅磁刺激脉冲时,神经元膜电位会产生累积效应,导致时间累加。本研究旨在确定高频率、亚阈值强度的 TMS 脉冲序列能否诱发超阈值反应:作为概念验证,我们在内部开发了一台能持续输出高达 250 Hz 脉冲的 TMS 机器,并在 22 只清醒大鼠身上进行了实验,以测试在 100、166 或 250 Hz 的脉冲串下是否能检测到时间相加:主要结果:实验结果表明,在55%最大刺激器输出(MSO,峰值dI/dt = 68.5 A/s at 100% MSO,脉宽 = 48 s )的TMS脉冲下,无论是单脉冲还是脉冲串都不会诱发运动反应。同样,MSO 为 65% 的单个 TMS 脉冲也未能唤起大鼠的运动反应;然而,频率为 166 和 250 Hz(但不是 100 Hz)的 TMS 脉冲串成功触发了运动反应和 MEP 信号,这表明时间累加效应取决于脉冲强度和脉冲串频率:我们提出,可以利用时间相加效应来设计下一代病灶 TMS 系统:通过以高频和阈下强度顺序驱动多个线圈,具有最显著重叠 E 场的区域会产生最大的时间相加效应,从而产生阈上反应。
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引用次数: 0
Detecting rhythmic spiking through the power spectra of point process model residuals. 通过点过程模型残差的功率谱检测节律性尖峰脉冲。
Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad6188
Karin M Cox, Daisuke Kase, Taieb Znati, Robert S Turner

Objective. Oscillations figure prominently as neurological disease hallmarks and neuromodulation targets. To detect oscillations in a neuron's spiking, one might attempt to seek peaks in the spike train's power spectral density (PSD) which exceed a flat baseline. Yet for a non-oscillating neuron, the PSD is not flat: The recovery period ('RP', the post-spike drop in spike probability, starting with the refractory period) introduces global spectral distortion. An established 'shuffling' procedure corrects for RP distortion by removing the spectral component explained by the inter-spike interval (ISI) distribution. However, this procedure sacrifices oscillation-related information present in the ISIs, and therefore in the PSD. We asked whether point process models (PPMs) might achieve more selective RP distortion removal, thereby enabling improved oscillation detection.Approach. In a novel 'residuals' method, we first estimate the RP duration (nr) from the ISI distribution. We then fit the spike train with a PPM that predicts spike likelihood based on the time elapsed since the most recent of any spikes falling within the precedingnrmilliseconds. Finally, we compute the PSD of the model's residuals.Main results. We compared the residuals and shuffling methods' ability to enable accurate oscillation detection with flat baseline-assuming tests. Over synthetic data, the residuals method generally outperformed the shuffling method in classification of true- versus false-positive oscillatory power, principally due to enhanced sensitivity in sparse spike trains. In single-unit data from the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and ventrolateral anterior thalamus (VLa) of a parkinsonian monkey-in which alpha-beta oscillations (8-30 Hz) were anticipated-the residuals method reported the greatest incidence of significant alpha-beta power, with low firing rates predicting residuals-selective oscillation detection.Significance. These results encourage continued development of the residuals approach, to support more accurate oscillation detection. Improved identification of oscillations could promote improved disease models and therapeutic technologies.

振荡是神经系统疾病的显著特征,也是神经调控的目标。要检测神经元尖峰的振荡,可以尝试在尖峰序列的功率谱密度(PSD)中寻找超过平坦基线的峰值。然而,对于非振荡神经元来说,PSD 并不平坦:恢复期("RP",即尖峰后尖峰概率的下降,从折射期开始)会带来全局频谱失真。已有的 "洗牌 "程序通过去除尖峰间期(ISI)分布所解释的频谱成分来纠正 RP 失真。然而,这种方法会牺牲 ISI 中与振荡相关的信息,因此也会牺牲 PSD 中的信息。我们提出的问题是,点过程模型(PPM)是否能更有选择性地去除 RP 失真,从而改进振荡检测?在一种新颖的 "残差 "方法中,我们首先从 ISI 分布中估计 RP 持续时间(nr)。然后,我们用一个 PPM 对尖峰序列进行拟合,该 PPM 可根据前 nrmilliseconds 内任何尖峰中最近一个尖峰的时间来预测尖峰的可能性。最后,我们计算了模型残差的 PSD。主要结果:我们比较了残差法和洗牌法利用平基线假定测试准确检测振荡的能力。在合成数据中,残差法在真假阳性振荡功率的分类上普遍优于洗牌法,这主要是由于在稀疏尖峰序列中灵敏度的提高。在帕金森病猴的内球丘脑(GPi)和丘脑腹外侧前部(VLa)的单细胞数据中,预计会出现阿尔法-贝塔振荡(8-30 Hz),残差法报告的显著阿尔法-贝塔功率发生率最高,低发射率可预测残差选择性振荡检测。更好地识别振荡可促进疾病模型和治疗技术的改进。
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引用次数: 0
A fully automatic multichannel neural spike sorting algorithm with spike reduction and positional feature. 具有尖峰缩减和位置特征的全自动多通道神经尖峰排序算法。
Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad647d
Zeinab Mohammadi, Daniel J Denman, Achim Klug, Tim C Lei

Objective: The sorting of neural spike data recorded by multichannel and high channel neural probes such as Neuropixels, especially in real-time, remains a significant technical challenge. Most neural spike sorting algorithms focus on sorting neural spikes post-hoc for high sorting accuracy-but reducing the processing delay for fast sorting, potentially even live sorting, is generally not possible with these algorithms.Approach: Here we report our Graph nEtwork Multichannel sorting (GEMsort) algorithm, which is largely based on graph network, to allow rapid neural spike sorting for multiple neural recording channels. This was accomplished by two innovations: In GEMsort, duplicated neural spikes recorded from multiple channels were eliminated from duplicate channels by only selecting the highest amplitude neural spike in any channel for subsequent processing. In addition, the channel from which the representative neural spike was recorded was used as an additional feature to differentiate between neural spikes recorded from different neurons having similar temporal features.Main results: Synthetic and experimentally recorded multichannel neural recordings were used to evaluate the sorting performance of GEMsort. The sorting results of GEMsort were also compared with two other state-of-the-art sorting algorithms (Kilosort and Mountainsort) in sorting time and sorting agreements.Significance: GEMsort allows rapidly sort neural spikes and is highly suitable to be implemented with digital circuitry for high processing speed and channel scalability.

对 Neuropixels 等多通道和高通道神经探针记录的神经尖峰数据进行分类,尤其是实时分类,仍然是一项重大的技术挑战。大多数神经尖峰排序算法都侧重于对神经尖峰进行事后排序,以获得较高的排序精度,但这些算法通常无法减少处理延迟以实现快速排序,甚至可能无法实现实时排序。在此,我们报告了主要基于图网络的图网络多通道(GEMsort)算法,该算法允许对多个神经记录通道进行快速的神经尖峰排序。这是通过两项创新实现的:在 GEMsort 算法中,只选择任一通道中振幅最高的神经尖峰进行后续处理,从而消除了从多个通道记录的重复神经尖峰。此外,记录代表性神经尖峰的通道被用作额外特征,以区分从具有相似时间特征的不同神经元记录的神经尖峰。这些算法修改使 GEMsort 能够快速对神经尖峰进行分类,这种方法非常适合用数字电路来实现高速处理和通道可扩展性。合成和实验记录的多通道神经记录用于评估 GEMsort 的排序性能。GEMsort 的排序结果还与其他两种最先进的排序算法(Kilosort 和 Mountainsort)的排序时间和排序协议进行了比较。
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Journal of neural engineering
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