Objective: To investigate the effects of Cyclocarya paliurus (C. paliurus) polysaccharide on the liver injury of diabetic rats.
Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups, including normal group, model group, control group, low-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharide treatment, middle-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharide treatment and high-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharide treatment. Histological analysis of liver was analyzed using hematoxilin and eosin. Levels of plasma biological parameters and anti-oxidative enzymes were determined by spectrophotometry. Nuclear factor kappa-B-p65 (NF-κB p65), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins 6 (IL-6), IL-1β were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Compared with that of model group, the glucose level of plasma decreased 62.32% (P < 0.01), but glycogen and insulin level increased 1.51 times and 1.27 times in the high-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharide treatment, respectively. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level decreased 47.47% (P < 0.05), 43.65% (P < 0.05) and 50.51% (P < 0.05) in the high-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharide treatment, respectively. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase level increased 1.16 times (P < 0.01), 71.28% (P < 0.05), 1.29 times (P < 0.01) and 87.46% (P < 0.05) in the high-dose group of C. paliurus polysaccharide treatment, respectively. Enzyme activities of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased 39.29% (P < 0.05), 51.11% (P < 0.05), 37.42% (P < 0.05) and 36.50% (P < 0.05), respectively.
Conclusions: Administration of C. paliurus polysaccharide may play a protecting role for liver injury of diabetic rats through lowering glucose, ALT, AST, ALP level, increasing glycogen and insulin level, enhancing the anti-oxidative ability and down-regulating the inflammatory factors expression.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of acupuncture anesthesia on the consumption of sedatives and anesthetics, pain, and time consumption in patients undergoing colonoscopy, thus providing evidence that acupuncture anesthesia should be extended to endoscopists and anesthetists.
Methods: Four English and four Chinese databases were searched for randomised controlled trials of acupuncture anaesthesia in patients undergoing colonoscopy, published from database inception to 1 March 2023. Outcomes were consumption of sedatives and anaesthetics, pain tolerance, visual analog scale (VAS) score, the meantime consumption of examination, satisfaction, and adverse reactions.
Results: Thirty-one randomized controlled trials with a total of 4790 participants were included. Results showed that acupuncture anaesthesia significantly reduced consumption of sedatives and anaesthetics [9 studies, n = 944, standardized mean difference (SMD) = －0.82, 95% CI (－1.31, －0.33), P = 0.001], VAS score [9 studies, n = 1790, mean difference (MD) = －1.13, 95% CI (－1.70, －0.57), P < 0.001], meantime consumption [21 studies, n = 3799, MD = －2.09, 95% CI (－3.15, －1.03), P<0.001] and adverse reactions of colonoscopy [7 studies, n = 738, odds ratio (OR) = 0.17, 95% CI (0.10, 0.28), P<0.001]. Acupuncture also significantly improved pain tolerance [14 studies, n = 1661, OR = 7.05, 95% CI (3.79, 13.12), P<0.001], while no beneficial effects were found for satisfaction [7 studies, n = 843, SMD = 0.02, 95% CI (－0.38, 0.43), P = 0.91].
Conclusion: Acupuncture has beneficial effects on patients undergoing colonoscopy, particularly in reducing consumption of sedatives and anaesthetics, alleviating pain, shortening the time consumption of examination and preventing adverse events. As an alternative, effective, inexpensive, and accessible approach, acupuncture anaesthesia should be extended to endoscopists and anaesthesiologists.
Objective: To investigate the effect of baijinpingchuan (, BJPC) on the asthma rat model and identify differential metabolites and disturbed metabolic pathways.
Methods: The rats were categorized into six groups: control, dexamethasone (DEX), ovalbumin (OVA), and low-, median-, and high-dose BJPC. The rats, except for the control group, were initially treated with OVA to develop the asthma model, which was then activated using DEX, OVA, and low-, median-, and high-dose BJPC. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to detect the expression of interleukin (IL)-33, IL-25, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to observe the pathological condition of the lung. Untargeted serum metabonomic analysis was conducted to identify differential metabolites and disturbed metabolic pathways.
Results: High-dose BJPC significantly inhibited the expression of IL-33, IL-25, TSLP, and TGF-β1 (P < 0.0001). Further, high-dose BJPC improved inflammatory cell infiltration, which plays a similar role in asthma as DEX. OVA-induced and BJPC-treated rats were identified through 17 differential metabolites, especially cholic acid. Furthermore, primary bile acid biosynthesis was a significantly differential pathway in the mechanism of BJPC for treating asthma.
Conclusions: BJPC plays an anti-inflammation role in asthma, which might be a promising therapy through mediating primary bile acid biosynthesis.
Objective: To predict the targets of Bufei Huoxue capsule (, BFHX) using network pharmacology analysis and to explore its effects and functional targets in a silicotic rat model.
Methods: The drug and disease targets were correlated through network pharmacology analysis to explore the targets and signaling pathways of BFHX affecting silicosis. NR8383 cells were cultured to verify the core genes and pathways. A rat model of silicosis was established to verify whether the mechanism behind SiO2-caused pulmonary fibrosis was alleviated by BFHX (0.82 g/kg) and how it affected key targets and pathways.
Results: Overlapping BFHX and silicotic gene targets produced 159 interactive targets, and 55 were screened by network topology analysis. The results of gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses suggested that BFHX could affect silicosis through the nucleotide-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. In NR8383 cells, the expression of core genes related to the NLRP3 inflammasome could be inhibited by BFHX treatment. BFHX reduced the degree of alveolitis and collagen deposition, attenuating pulmonary fibrosis in SiO2-induced rat model. Pulmonary macrophage pyroptosis after SiO2 exposure was observed under transmission electron microscopy. BFHX alleviated the morphological characteristics of pyroptosis. BFHX also reduced the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lung tissues of silicotic rat model. BFHX affected the K ion content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid when assessed by energy dispersive spectrometer testing. The expression of CD68+ and CD206+ were also reduced after BFHX intervention.
Conclusion: NOD-like receptor signaling is vital for BFHX's effects on silicosis. It exerts anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects by inhibiting pulmonary macrophage pyroptosis and polarization through NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition that is further divided into two categories, namely primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) gives good clinical results for the treatment of dysmenorrhea based on the basic principles of holistic view and syndrome differentiation. However, presently, the clinical practice guidelines in TCM for dysmenorrhea treatment are required. The guideline is formulated in strict accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine with reference to the General Principles for the Compilation of International Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and General Principles for the Compilation of International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Traditional Chinese Medicine Diseases and accordance with the principles and methods of The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation in China (AGREE-China) and World Health Organization guidelines. This guideline includes clinical issues by literature search and questionnaire survey, and eight background questions and 23 prospect questions were finally created. Based on the evidence retrieval, synthesis, consideration of patient preferences and values, intervention costs, advantages, and disadvantages, recommendations are created using the Delphi method and expert consensus method. This guideline clarified the definition, diagnosis, and TCM syndrome classification for dysmenorrhea, and recommends different TCM treatments based on the level of evidence, including Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese patent medicine, acupuncture, and other auxiliary therapies. The present guideline is an international clinical practice guideline for the treatment of dysmenorrhea using TCM. This guideline will provide substantive evidence and standardized guidance for the treatment of dysmenorrhea using TCM, improve the quality and safety of medical services, and standardize diagnosis and treatment plans for dysmenorrhea.
Chinese Medicine Enema is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has been widely used clinically. The "International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques: The Operating Specifications for Chinese Medicine Enema is drawn up by the Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital in collaboration with domestic TCM universities and hospitals. The specification includes definition, operating process, points for attention and contraindications. It is targeted to provide reference for TCM providers at home and abroad with TCM background in clinical decision-making.
Objective: To investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of modified Pulsatilla decoction (, MPD) on the mechanical barrier of the ulcerative colitis (UC) intestinal epithelium in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: We established an intestinal epithelial crypt cell line-6 cell barrier injury model by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The model was then treated with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-myosin light chain kinase (p38MAPK-MLCK) pathway inhibitors, p38MAPK-MLCK pathway silencing genes (si-p38MAPK, si-NF-κB, and si-MLCK), and MPD respectively. Transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER) measurements and permeability assays were performed to assess barrier function. Immunofluorescence staining of tight junctions (TJ) was performed. In in vivo experiment, dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis rat model was conducted to evaluate the effect of MPD and mesalazine on UC. The rats were scored using the disease activity index based on their clinical symptoms. Transmission electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to examine morphological changes in UC rats. Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the gene and protein expression of significant differential molecules.
Results: In in vitro study, LPS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction was inhibited by p38MAPK-MLCK pathway inhibitors and p38MAPK-MLCK pathway gene silencing. Silencing of p38MAPK-MLCK pathway genes decreased TJ expression. MPD treatment partly restored the LPS-induced decreased in TEER and increase in permeability. MPD increased the gene and protein expression of TJ, while down-regulated the LPS-induced high expression of p-p38MAPK and p-MLC. In UC model rats, MPD could ameliorate body weight loss and disease activity index, relieve colonic pathology, up-regulate TJ expression as well as decrease the expression of p-p38MAPK and p-MLC in UC rat colonic mucosal tissue.
Conclusions: The p38MAPK-MLCK signaling pathway can affect mechanical barrier function and TJ expression in the intestinal epithelium. MPD restores TJ expression and attenuates intestinal epithelial barrier damage by suppressing the p38MAPK-MLCK pathway.
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