In this paper, the cosmic expansion of the universe filled with viscous fluid has been discussed in Bianchi type-I space-time. To solve Einstein's field equations, a time-varying deceleration parameter, (q(t)) yields a time variable scale factor a(t) = [sinh(alpha t)]^{frac{1}{n}}, with `alpha' and `n' are positive constants. We also consider a time-varying gravitational constant (G) via the formulation 8pi G = G_{0}a^{m}, where `G_{0}' and `m' are positive constants. Further, based on the third constraint, two different viscous cosmological models, one by considering the perfect gas equation of state p=omega rho and the other by considering time-varying bulk viscosity coefficient (xi(t)), have been constructed. It is mentioned here that this particular choice of scale factor generates a class of accelerating models for n<1 while for n > 1, the transition of the universe from early deceleration to current acceleration takes place. An important feature of the models is decreasing dark energy candidate, i.e., cosmological constant (Lambda) with time, fine-tuning with the results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The various physical parameters involved in the models have been discussed analytically and graphically and are found in good agreement with recent observations. For the physical acceptability of both the models, energy conditions are shown graphically. The models are found to be physically acceptable, particularly in identifying the universe's transition. We have discussed the statefinder and observed that all the trajectories indicate dark energy candidates as Chaplying gas and quintessence for different constraints (alpha, n). We have also calculated the cosmographic parameters such as jerk, lerk, maxout to analyze the physical behavior of the DE models.
{"title":"Cosmic Expansion of the Universe Characterized by Anisotropic Viscous Fluid Cosmological Models","authors":"A. Dixit, Chanchal Chawla, A. Pradhan","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0318","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the cosmic expansion of the universe filled with viscous fluid has been discussed in Bianchi type-I space-time. To solve Einstein's field equations, a time-varying deceleration parameter, (q(t)) yields a time variable scale factor a(t) = [sinh(alpha t)]^{frac{1}{n}}, with `alpha' and `n' are positive constants. We also consider a time-varying gravitational constant (G) via the formulation 8pi G = G_{0}a^{m}, where `G_{0}' and `m' are positive constants. Further, based on the third constraint, two different viscous cosmological models, one by considering the perfect gas equation of state p=omega rho and the other by considering time-varying bulk viscosity coefficient (xi(t)), have been constructed. It is mentioned here that this particular choice of scale factor generates a class of accelerating models for n<1 while for n > 1, the transition of the universe from early deceleration to current acceleration takes place. An important feature of the models is decreasing dark energy candidate, i.e., cosmological constant (Lambda) with time, fine-tuning with the results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The various physical parameters involved in the models have been discussed analytically and graphically and are found in good agreement with recent observations. For the physical acceptability of both the models, energy conditions are shown graphically. The models are found to be physically acceptable, particularly in identifying the universe's transition. We have discussed the statefinder and observed that all the trajectories indicate dark energy candidates as Chaplying gas and quintessence for different constraints (alpha, n). We have also calculated the cosmographic parameters such as jerk, lerk, maxout to analyze the physical behavior of the DE models.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"28 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88261599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The retarded solutions to the Maxwell-like equations of Weyl gravitoelectromagnetism are obtained in a similar way to those of electromagnetism. These solutions keep an analogous structure as their electromagnetic counterparts and they become the Jefimenko-type equations of gravitoelectromagnetism.
{"title":"Retarded Solutions for Weyl Gravitoelectromagnetic Fields","authors":"Armando Garza, Carlos Luna, J. Ramos","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0282","url":null,"abstract":"The retarded solutions to the Maxwell-like equations of Weyl gravitoelectromagnetism are obtained in a similar way to those of electromagnetism. These solutions keep an analogous structure as their electromagnetic counterparts and they become the Jefimenko-type equations of gravitoelectromagnetism.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87639069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenda Xiao, Min Xu, S. Feng, Feiran Deng, Yi Huang, Feng Miao, LingWei Xiang
The structural stability, electronic properties，the elastic properties and hardness of three C-doped CrB4 compounds were calculated by first principle calculations method. The electronic properties were carried out to discuss the effect of doped C on the conductivity, chemical bonding components and orbital hybridization of CrB4. What is more, we employed a semiempirical method to evaluate the hardness of these three crystals. Mechanical properties and large hardness of them indicate that they are hard materials. In addition, the influence of pressure on the elastic constants of the three structures is different. The c-axis direction of CrCB3 and CrC2B2 is relatively more difficult to compress.
{"title":"First-principles calculations on doped CrB4","authors":"Chenda Xiao, Min Xu, S. Feng, Feiran Deng, Yi Huang, Feng Miao, LingWei Xiang","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0194","url":null,"abstract":"The structural stability, electronic properties，the elastic properties and hardness of three C-doped CrB4 compounds were calculated by first principle calculations method. The electronic properties were carried out to discuss the effect of doped C on the conductivity, chemical bonding components and orbital hybridization of CrB4. What is more, we employed a semiempirical method to evaluate the hardness of these three crystals. Mechanical properties and large hardness of them indicate that they are hard materials. In addition, the influence of pressure on the elastic constants of the three structures is different. The c-axis direction of CrCB3 and CrC2B2 is relatively more difficult to compress.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85797780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we simulated the structural transformation and self-diffusion mechanism in liquid GeO2 oxide system. Under compression, structure of liquid GeO2 model tends to transform gradually from low-density phase to high-density phase. Concentration of basic structural units can be determined via density of material model. The average Ge-O bond distance in GeO4 tetrahedra is smaller than the ones in GeO5 pentahedra and GeO6 octahedra. Each GeOx polyhedron always exists a Ge-O bond with the longest length (the weakest bond). The diffusion mechanism in liquid GeO2 Oxide system is via the breaking the weakest bonds that accompanying the change local coordination environment of Ge cations. The longest Ge-O bond in a GeO5 pentahedron is very weak in comparison to the one in other polyhedra. The diffusivity is significantly dependent on the number of GeO5 pentahedra. The increase of GeO5 under compression is the origin of anomalous diffusion in liquid GeO2 oxide. The increase of average Ge-O bond distance under compression is also clarified in this work.
{"title":"Structural transformation and anomalous diffusion in network forming liquid GeO2","authors":"M. T. Lan, N. Hong","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0270","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we simulated the structural transformation and self-diffusion mechanism in liquid GeO<sub>2</sub> oxide system. Under compression, structure of liquid GeO<sub>2</sub> model tends to transform gradually from low-density phase to high-density phase. Concentration of basic structural units can be determined via density of material model. The average Ge-O bond distance in GeO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra is smaller than the ones in GeO<sub>5</sub> pentahedra and GeO<sub>6</sub> octahedra. Each GeO<sub>x</sub> polyhedron always exists a Ge-O bond with the longest length (the weakest bond). The diffusion mechanism in liquid GeO<sub>2</sub> Oxide system is via the breaking the weakest bonds that accompanying the change local coordination environment of Ge cations. The longest Ge-O bond in a GeO<sub>5</sub> pentahedron is very weak in comparison to the one in other polyhedra. The diffusivity is significantly dependent on the number of GeO<sub>5</sub> pentahedra. The increase of GeO<sub>5</sub> under compression is the origin of anomalous diffusion in liquid GeO<sub>2</sub> oxide. The increase of average Ge-O bond distance under compression is also clarified in this work.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83745811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Integrating chemical dopants into a pure lattice has fueled a novel concept of tuning the physical and chemical properties of existing materials under and beyond ambient conditions. By using first-principles calculation, we report the structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of pure and Mg-doped LaAlO3 structure (La1-xMgxAlO3 and LaAl1-xMgxO3), respectively, with the doping concentrations of x = 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Our results show that Mg dopants induce metallicity along La sites at x = 60% with a reduced bandgap from 3.01 eV to 0.04 eV, as well as indirect to direct bandgap transition along Al sites at x = 40%. The density of states shows that the valence band shifts towards the Fermi level by inducing a metallicity in La1-xMgxAlO3 format at 60% configuration. Mechanically, LaAlO3 experiences brittle to ductile transition for both dopingsystems except LaAl1-x MgxO3 at 40% configuration. The higher ranges of optical peaks for both systems are identified for 0‒40% ranges as compared to other configurations. Fortunately, this study reveals the tunability of LaAlO3 structure in structural, electronic, elastic, and optical aspects and also extends the availability of this material for future optoelectronic and mechanical applications.
{"title":"Mg-doped LaAlO3 structure: A theoretical investigation of indirect to direct bandgap and brittle to ductile transition","authors":"Aliza Zahoor, Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Isa Khan","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0325","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating chemical dopants into a pure lattice has fueled a novel concept of tuning the physical and chemical properties of existing materials under and beyond ambient conditions. By using first-principles calculation, we report the structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of pure and Mg-doped LaAlO<sub>3</sub> structure (La<sub>1-x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>AlO<sub>3</sub> and LaAl<sub>1-x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), respectively, with the doping concentrations of x = 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Our results show that Mg dopants induce metallicity along La sites at x = 60% with a reduced bandgap from 3.01 eV to 0.04 eV, as well as indirect to direct bandgap transition along Al sites at x = 40%. The density of states shows that the valence band shifts towards the Fermi level by inducing a metallicity in La<sub>1-x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>AlO<sub>3</sub> format at 60% configuration. Mechanically, LaAlO3 experiences brittle to ductile transition for both dopingsystems except LaAl<sub>1-x </sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at 40% configuration. The higher ranges of optical peaks for both systems are identified for 0‒40% ranges as compared to other configurations. Fortunately, this study reveals the tunability of LaAlO<sub>3</sub> structure in structural, electronic, elastic, and optical aspects and also extends the availability of this material for future optoelectronic and mechanical applications.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79982836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work we have analysed the elastic scattering data of 6He+p at 25.6, 38.6, 40.9 and 71 MeV/A and 8He+p at 15.6, 25.6, 32.5, 66 and 72 MeV/A, using the microscopic local optical potential calculated within the framework of Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) formalism. The calculation requires mainly two inputs: (1) the nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction and (2) the nucleon distributions in target nuclei. Realistic inter-nucleon (NN) potential Argonne v18 (AV18) along with the Urbana IX (UVIX) model of three body force with several nucleon density distributions is used in the present work for generating the nucleon-nucleus optical potential. We have used the exact method for calculating both the direct and the exchange parts of the spin-orbit potential. We reconfirm the earlier results that the spin orbit potential for these neutron rich nuclei is diffused and extended. Our results show that the different density distributions reproduce rather well the experimental differential cross sections for both isotopes, while the phenomenological density with two neutron halo gives satisfactory results for 6He-p analysing power data. None of the densities used for 8He can reproduce the experimental analyzing power data. Our analysis reveals that the calculated microscopic optical potentials, with and without three body force using BHF approach provides satisfactory agreement with the elastic scattering data for 6,8He+p.
在本工作中，我们利用在brueckner - hartre- fock (BHF)形式框架内计算的微观局部光势，分析了6He+p在25.6、38.6、40.9和71 MeV/A和8He+p在15.6、25.6、32.5、66和72 MeV/A的弹性散射数据。计算主要需要两个输入:(1)核子-核子(NN)相互作用和(2)目标核中的核子分布。本文利用Argonne v18 (AV18)和Urbana IX (UVIX)三体力模型(具有多种核子密度分布)来产生核-核光学势。我们用精确的方法计算了自旋轨道势的直接部分和交换部分。我们再次确认了先前的结果，即这些富中子核的自旋轨道势是扩散和扩展的。结果表明，不同的密度分布较好地再现了两种同位素的实验微分截面，而具有两个中子晕的现象学密度对6He-p分析功率数据给出了满意的结果。8He所使用的密度都不能重现实验分析功率数据。我们的分析表明，用BHF方法计算的有和没有三体力的微观光势与6,8 he +p的弹性散射数据吻合得很好。
{"title":"Study of 6,8He+p elastic scattering using BHF Formalism with Three Body Force","authors":"M. Sharma, Syed Rafi, W. Haider","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0271","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work we have analysed the elastic scattering data of 6He+p at 25.6, 38.6, 40.9 and 71 MeV/A and 8He+p at 15.6, 25.6, 32.5, 66 and 72 MeV/A, using the microscopic local optical potential calculated within the framework of Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) formalism. The calculation requires mainly two inputs: (1) the nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction and (2) the nucleon distributions in target nuclei. Realistic inter-nucleon (NN) potential Argonne v18 (AV18) along with the Urbana IX (UVIX) model of three body force with several nucleon density distributions is used in the present work for generating the nucleon-nucleus optical potential. We have used the exact method for calculating both the direct and the exchange parts of the spin-orbit potential. We reconfirm the earlier results that the spin orbit potential for these neutron rich nuclei is diffused and extended. Our results show that the different density distributions reproduce rather well the experimental differential cross sections for both isotopes, while the phenomenological density with two neutron halo gives satisfactory results for 6He-p analysing power data. None of the densities used for 8He can reproduce the experimental analyzing power data. Our analysis reveals that the calculated microscopic optical potentials, with and without three body force using BHF approach provides satisfactory agreement with the elastic scattering data for 6,8He+p.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84333559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hamilton-Jacobi formalism is used to analyze the Weyl theory in the weak-field limit. The complete set of involutive Hamiltonians is obtained, which are classified into involutive and non-involutive. The counting of degrees of freedom is performed. Additionally, the generalized brackets and gauge symmetries are reported.
{"title":"Analysis of linearized Weyl gravity via the Hamilton-Jacobi method","authors":"A. Escalante, Víctor Alberto Zavala-Pérez","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"The Hamilton-Jacobi formalism is used to analyze the Weyl theory in the weak-field limit. The complete set of involutive Hamiltonians is obtained, which are classified into involutive and non-involutive. The counting of degrees of freedom is performed. Additionally, the generalized brackets and gauge symmetries are reported.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74145807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates and study the properties of matter-wave bright solitons within the framework information theoretic approach. In the limit of negligible trapping effect, we calculate Shannon entropy, Fisher information and R{'e}nyi entropy for different mean-field interaction, and study the interplay between group velocity dispersion and nonlinear atomic interaction. We see that information theoretic approach can clearly reveal localization and delocalization properties of matter-wave density distribution. In all the cases, entropic uncertainties are found to be satisfied.
{"title":"Information measures on matter-wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates","authors":"Bijan Layek, S. Sultana, G. A. Sekh","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0221","url":null,"abstract":"We consider quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates and study the properties of matter-wave bright solitons within the framework information theoretic approach. In the limit of negligible trapping effect, we calculate Shannon entropy, Fisher information and R{'e}nyi entropy for different mean-field interaction, and study the interplay between group velocity dispersion and nonlinear atomic interaction. We see that information theoretic approach can clearly reveal localization and delocalization properties of matter-wave density distribution. In all the cases, entropic uncertainties are found to be satisfied.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88822006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Liu, M. Yao, Zhaoqing Ke, Kangshuai Chen, Ying Zhang, Wei Wu
The interfacial instability of two-phase immiscible fluids in inclined tubes at constant temperature boundary conditions is numerically investigated by the Front-Tracking Method (FTM). By analyzing the effects of inclination angle , Marangoni number (Ma) and Rayleigh number (Ra) on the interfacial instability, the interaction law between unstable interface fluctuation and heat transfer is studied. The results show that the larger the inclination angle, the easier the interface is destabilized, and the heat transfer at the interface will also decrease. In the comparison of inclination angles of 0°, 30°, 45° and 60°, the heat transfer is more stable at 45°. The heat flux between fluids decreases with the increase of Ma number, and Ma number has little effect on the interfacial fluctuation. It mainly affects the interfacial morphology by changing the surface tension gradient at the interface, which is mainly reflected in the end of the convolution interface. The larger the Ma number, the more inward the interface develops. Ra number has an obvious inhibitory effect on the interfacial instability. The effect of Ra number on heat flow transfer at the interface shows alternating changes. In the initial stage, the heat transfer between fluids in the inclined tube is greater than that in the horizontal tube, but in the later stage, the heat transfer is less than that in the horizontal tube.
{"title":"Numerical Study of The Effect of Heat-flow Coupling on Interface Instability Based on Front-Tracking","authors":"Yao Liu, M. Yao, Zhaoqing Ke, Kangshuai Chen, Ying Zhang, Wei Wu","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0093","url":null,"abstract":"The interfacial instability of two-phase immiscible fluids in inclined tubes at constant temperature boundary conditions is numerically investigated by the Front-Tracking Method (FTM). By analyzing the effects of inclination angle , Marangoni number (Ma) and Rayleigh number (Ra) on the interfacial instability, the interaction law between unstable interface fluctuation and heat transfer is studied. The results show that the larger the inclination angle, the easier the interface is destabilized, and the heat transfer at the interface will also decrease. In the comparison of inclination angles of 0°, 30°, 45° and 60°, the heat transfer is more stable at 45°. The heat flux between fluids decreases with the increase of Ma number, and Ma number has little effect on the interfacial fluctuation. It mainly affects the interfacial morphology by changing the surface tension gradient at the interface, which is mainly reflected in the end of the convolution interface. The larger the Ma number, the more inward the interface develops. Ra number has an obvious inhibitory effect on the interfacial instability. The effect of Ra number on heat flow transfer at the interface shows alternating changes. In the initial stage, the heat transfer between fluids in the inclined tube is greater than that in the horizontal tube, but in the later stage, the heat transfer is less than that in the horizontal tube.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83804967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Space-charge effects are familiar to students of solid state physics, semiconductor devices, and surface science. They are usually estimated under the strong depletion or space-charge layer approximation (SCLA), whose limitations are rarely fully discussed. A formal description of these effects is presented, followed by numerical solutions to a one-dimensional Poisson's equation. This equation is valid in cases of charge depletion and of mild accumulation near surfaces and interfaces. Poisson's equation as it applies to a film/substrate interface is analyzed to obtain the boundary condition for the potential at the metallurgical junction. A practical applied example discusses the impact of depletion effects on the determination of the charge carrier concentration by Hall effect measurement in homoepitaxial semiconductor thin films. Examples are highlighted where the SCLA is not an accurate approximation.
{"title":"Poisson's equation in semiconductors: impact of charge depletion on Hall effect measurements","authors":"R. Masut","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2022-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2022-0158","url":null,"abstract":"Space-charge effects are familiar to students of solid state physics, semiconductor devices, and surface science. They are usually estimated under the strong depletion or space-charge layer approximation (SCLA), whose limitations are rarely fully discussed. A formal description of these effects is presented, followed by numerical solutions to a one-dimensional Poisson's equation. This equation is valid in cases of charge depletion and of mild accumulation near surfaces and interfaces. Poisson's equation as it applies to a film/substrate interface is analyzed to obtain the boundary condition for the potential at the metallurgical junction. A practical applied example discusses the impact of depletion effects on the determination of the charge carrier concentration by Hall effect measurement in homoepitaxial semiconductor thin films. Examples are highlighted where the SCLA is not an accurate approximation.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85238494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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