The current research investigates the behavior of the Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) model with quintessence in a homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-III (B-III) space-time. We construct the model by using two conditions (i) expansion scalar (theta) is proportionate to shear scalar (sigma) in the model and (ii) hybrid {color{blue} scale factor} a = t^beta e^{gamma t}, where beta>0, gamma>0 are constants. Our study is based on Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) data in combination with CMB and BAO observations (Giostri et al, JCAP 3, 27 (2012), arXiv:1203.3213v2[astro-ph.CO]), the present values of Hubble constant and deceleration parameter are H_{0} = 73.8 and q_{0} = -0.54 respectively. Compiling our theoretical models with this data, we obtain beta = 2.1445~ & ~ 2.1154 for gamma = 0.5 ~ & ~ 1 respectively. We completed an entirely novel form of cosmic model where the expansion occurs during the present accelerated phase for the constraints. We have discussed the conformity among the scalar field model of quintessence and THDE model. To understand the Universe, we have also established the relations for Distance modulus, Luminosity distance, and Angular-diameter distance. Some geometric and physical aspects of the THDE model are also highlighted.
{"title":"Bianchi type-III THDE quintessence model with hybrid scale factor","authors":"Gunjan Varshney, Anirudh Pradhan, Umesh Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0201","url":null,"abstract":"The current research investigates the behavior of the Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) model with quintessence in a homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-III (B-III) space-time. We construct the model by using two conditions (i) expansion scalar (theta) is proportionate to shear scalar (sigma) in the model and (ii) hybrid {color{blue} scale factor} a = t^beta e^{gamma t}, where beta>0, gamma>0 are constants. Our study is based on Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) data in combination with CMB and BAO observations (Giostri et al, JCAP 3, 27 (2012), arXiv:1203.3213v2[astro-ph.CO]), the present values of Hubble constant and deceleration parameter are H_{0} = 73.8 and q_{0} = -0.54 respectively. Compiling our theoretical models with this data, we obtain beta = 2.1445~ & ~ 2.1154 for gamma = 0.5 ~ & ~ 1 respectively. We completed an entirely novel form of cosmic model where the expansion occurs during the present accelerated phase for the constraints. We have discussed the conformity among the scalar field model of quintessence and THDE model. To understand the Universe, we have also established the relations for Distance modulus, Luminosity distance, and Angular-diameter distance. Some geometric and physical aspects of the THDE model are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humam B. Ghassib, Anoud H. Al-Aoon, Ayman S. Sandouqa
In this work, the binding energy of three alkali-metal molecules, namely, lithium-7 (7Li2), sodium-23 (23Na2), and potassium-39 (39K2), is calculated in both free space and the vapor phase. In free space, the Lippmann-Schwinger equation is solved for negative-definite eigenenergies using a highly effective matrix-inversion method with a symmetrized kernel. In the vapor, two medium effects are taken into account: the effective atomic mass, which is somewhat larger than the ‘bare’ mass and therefore enhances the binding; and the effective binary interaction, with less overall attraction than the ‘bare’ interaction. In free space, the binding energies of the respective molecules are, in units of (103 K): 5.304, 2.936, and 2.522. The corresponding experimental results are 6.150 x 103 K, 4.275 x103 K, and 4.275 x 103 K. The results in the vapor phase are by and large somewhat lower than those in free space.
{"title":"Binding Properties of Some Alkali Metal Vapors: Specifically Lithium-7 (<sup>7</sup>Li), Soduim-23 (<sup>23</sup>Na) and Potassium-39 (<sup>39</sup>K)","authors":"Humam B. Ghassib, Anoud H. Al-Aoon, Ayman S. Sandouqa","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0136","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the binding energy of three alkali-metal molecules, namely, lithium-7 (7Li2), sodium-23 (23Na2), and potassium-39 (39K2), is calculated in both free space and the vapor phase. In free space, the Lippmann-Schwinger equation is solved for negative-definite eigenenergies using a highly effective matrix-inversion method with a symmetrized kernel. In the vapor, two medium effects are taken into account: the effective atomic mass, which is somewhat larger than the ‘bare’ mass and therefore enhances the binding; and the effective binary interaction, with less overall attraction than the ‘bare’ interaction. In free space, the binding energies of the respective molecules are, in units of (103 K): 5.304, 2.936, and 2.522. The corresponding experimental results are 6.150 x 10<sup>3</sup> K, 4.275 x10<sup>3</sup> K, and 4.275 x 10<sup>3</sup> K. The results in the vapor phase are by and large somewhat lower than those in free space.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining absolute electron impact ionization cross-sections for atoms and molecules, whether through experimental or theoretical means, poses a formidable challenge and is typically limited to a narrow selection of species. In this paper, by using measured cross-sections and polarizability data, it was obtained empirical scaling laws for total single ionization and non-dissociative single ionization cross-section maximum of neutral molecules by collisions with electrons. It is found that the total single ionization cross sections scale linearly with the target electric static polarizability, while the non-dissociate cross sections exhibit a saturation effect for large target polarizabilities. This saturation effect is interpreted as the increasing role of fragmentation with polarizability.
{"title":"On the electron impact cross-section maxima for dissociative and non-dissociative single ionization of molecules and radicals","authors":"Antonio Carlos Fontes dos Santos","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0217","url":null,"abstract":"Determining absolute electron impact ionization cross-sections for atoms and molecules, whether through experimental or theoretical means, poses a formidable challenge and is typically limited to a narrow selection of species. In this paper, by using measured cross-sections and polarizability data, it was obtained empirical scaling laws for total single ionization and non-dissociative single ionization cross-section maximum of neutral molecules by collisions with electrons. It is found that the total single ionization cross sections scale linearly with the target electric static polarizability, while the non-dissociate cross sections exhibit a saturation effect for large target polarizabilities. This saturation effect is interpreted as the increasing role of fragmentation with polarizability.
","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135876188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of single layer Anti-reflective coating on ZnO based Dye-sensitized solar cells are theoretically predicted and verified by experimental fabrication. By the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), the absorption of the DSSC with and without the single layer ARC is calculated and the improvement in short-circuit current density (∆Jsc%) is estimated. The optimized thickness of the ARC required to obtain maximum improvement in the short-circuit current density (∆Jsc%) is determined. By employing ARC with the calculated optimized thickness, fabrication of spin coated ZnO based DSSC is carried out. The structural and optical parameters are studied using XRD analysis and UV absorption spectra. The efficiency of the DSSC with and without the ARC is measured by intensity-modulated photocurrent and photovoltage spectroscopy (IMPS/IMVS). The theoretically predicted efficiency of the DSSC with and without ARC agrees well with the experimental values which provide insights about improving the electrical performance of the DSSC by the ARC.
{"title":"Experimental and Theoretical studies on improving efficiency of ZnO based Dye-sensitized solar cells using Single layer Anti-reflective coating","authors":"M. Ismail Fathima, J.R. Sofia, K.S. Joseph Wilson","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0171","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of single layer Anti-reflective coating on ZnO based Dye-sensitized solar cells are theoretically predicted and verified by experimental fabrication. By the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), the absorption of the DSSC with and without the single layer ARC is calculated and the improvement in short-circuit current density (∆Jsc%) is estimated. The optimized thickness of the ARC required to obtain maximum improvement in the short-circuit current density (∆Jsc%) is determined. By employing ARC with the calculated optimized thickness, fabrication of spin coated ZnO based DSSC is carried out. The structural and optical parameters are studied using XRD analysis and UV absorption spectra. The efficiency of the DSSC with and without the ARC is measured by intensity-modulated photocurrent and photovoltage spectroscopy (IMPS/IMVS). The theoretically predicted efficiency of the DSSC with and without ARC agrees well with the experimental values which provide insights about improving the electrical performance of the DSSC by the ARC.
","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135876190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on experimental results and self-consistent physical theory, a three-component description of nonlinear body waves in porous media is constructed. Applications of this result to two component fluid flow in dynamic porous media and seismic wave propagation in multiphase porous media are presented. This description is important to petroleum reservoir simulation, groundwater hydrology and seismic analysis of the earth. The two-body analogue of these results has been shown, in the past, to be inconsistent with the two body linear models currently used by petroleum engineers and groundwater hydrologists. In seismic theory simple linear models are generally used and much of the information obtained from the theory presented here is referred to as noise. The processes observed and described here have been patented and applied commercially to oil production and groundwater remediation. It is shown here that even if the correct nonlinear equations are used, three-component wave descriptions of porous media cannot be constructed solely from the equations of motion for the components. This is because of the introduction of the complexity of multiple scales into this non-linear field theory. Information about the coupling between the components is required to obtain a physical description. It is observed that the fields must be coupled in phase and out of phase and this result is consistent with the description of three and n-body gravitational fields in Newtonian gravity and General Relativity.
{"title":"Some Three and n-component Waves in Porous media","authors":"T.J.T Spanos","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Based on experimental results and self-consistent physical theory, a three-component description of nonlinear body waves in porous media is constructed. Applications of this result to two component fluid flow in dynamic porous media and seismic wave propagation in multiphase porous media are presented. This description is important to petroleum reservoir simulation, groundwater hydrology and seismic analysis of the earth. The two-body analogue of these results has been shown, in the past, to be inconsistent with the two body linear models currently used by petroleum engineers and groundwater hydrologists. In seismic theory simple linear models are generally used and much of the information obtained from the theory presented here is referred to as noise. The processes observed and described here have been patented and applied commercially to oil production and groundwater remediation. It is shown here that even if the correct nonlinear equations are used, three-component wave descriptions of porous media cannot be constructed solely from the equations of motion for the components. This is because of the introduction of the complexity of multiple scales into this non-linear field theory. Information about the coupling between the components is required to obtain a physical description. It is observed that the fields must be coupled in phase and out of phase and this result is consistent with the description of three and n-body gravitational fields in Newtonian gravity and General Relativity.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136377292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bora Ketenoglu, Erkan Bostanci, Didem Ketenoglu, Ali Can Canbay, Manuel Harder, Adnan Sahin Karaca, Engin Eren, Ayhan Aydin, Zhong Yin, Mehmet Serdar Guzel, Michael Martins
Following the rapid growth in accelerator-based light sources research since the mid of 20th century, miscellaneous 3rd generation Synchrotron Radiation (SR) facilities such as SSRL, APS, ESRF, PETRA-III and SPring-8 have come into existence. These SR source facilities provide 10^20 to 10^25 photons/s/mrad^2/mm^2/0.1%BW peak brightness within the photon energy range of 10-10^5 eV. Since different measurement techniques are utilized at X-ray beamlines of SR facilities, many kinds of Insertion Devices (i.e. undulators and wigglers) and optical components (e.g. High Resolution Monochromators (HRM), Double Crystal Monochromators (DCM), lenses, mirrors etc.) are employed for each experimental setup as a matter of course. Under the circumstances, optimization of a synchrotron beamline is a big concern for many scientists to ensure required radiation characteristics (i.e. photon flux, spot size, photon energy etc.) for dedicated user experiments. In this respect, an in-vacuum hybrid undulator driven by a 6 GeV synchrotron electron beam, is optimized using Evolutionary Algorithms (EA). Finally, it is shown that EA results are well-consistent with both the literature and the analytical calculations, resulting in a promising design estimation for beamline scientists.
{"title":"A Dedicated Application of Evolutionary Algorithms: Synchrotron X-ray Radiation Optimization based on an in-vacuum Undulator","authors":"Bora Ketenoglu, Erkan Bostanci, Didem Ketenoglu, Ali Can Canbay, Manuel Harder, Adnan Sahin Karaca, Engin Eren, Ayhan Aydin, Zhong Yin, Mehmet Serdar Guzel, Michael Martins","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0078","url":null,"abstract":"Following the rapid growth in accelerator-based light sources research since the mid of 20th century, miscellaneous 3rd generation Synchrotron Radiation (SR) facilities such as SSRL, APS, ESRF, PETRA-III and SPring-8 have come into existence. These SR source facilities provide 10^20 to 10^25 photons/s/mrad^2/mm^2/0.1%BW peak brightness within the photon energy range of 10-10^5 eV. Since different measurement techniques are utilized at X-ray beamlines of SR facilities, many kinds of Insertion Devices (i.e. undulators and wigglers) and optical components (e.g. High Resolution Monochromators (HRM), Double Crystal Monochromators (DCM), lenses, mirrors etc.) are employed for each experimental setup as a matter of course. Under the circumstances, optimization of a synchrotron beamline is a big concern for many scientists to ensure required radiation characteristics (i.e. photon flux, spot size, photon energy etc.) for dedicated user experiments. In this respect, an in-vacuum hybrid undulator driven by a 6 GeV synchrotron electron beam, is optimized using Evolutionary Algorithms (EA). Finally, it is shown that EA results are well-consistent with both the literature and the analytical calculations, resulting in a promising design estimation for beamline scientists.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, we have described the accelerated cosmological models of the universe in f(Q) gravity. In f(Q) gravity, the gravitational field equations are modified by a function of the non-metricity tensor, which characterizes the deviation of the affine connection from the metric compatibility condition. We have considered two different forms of f(Q) gravity as f(Q) = beta + alpha , Q^{(n+1)} and f(Q) = beta , Q + alpha , Q^{n} to explain the dynamics of the expanding universe. We have discussed the dynamics of the universe through graphical representation by considering the power law ( $a = k t^m$). The free parameters of {color{red}the} models are fitted {color{red}with} the latest observational data set of {color{red} Observational Hubble Data} (OHD), consisting of 57 points, using statistical analysis based on the MCMC method. The best-fitted values for the model’s parameter are estimated as H_0 = 67.3 pm 1.1, m = 1.0213 pm 0.0071, and k = 65.4 pm 1.1. The parameters of the derived model, like energy density, isotropic pressure, EoS parameter, and jerk parameter, are discussed. We have described the energy conditions to explain the viability of the considered models. We have also verified the stability of the derived model through perturbation analysis.
{"title":"Stability of Power Law cosmological model in f(Q) gravity","authors":"Priyanka Garg, Vinod Kumar Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0113","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we have described the accelerated cosmological models of the universe in f(Q) gravity. In f(Q) gravity, the gravitational field equations are modified by a function of the non-metricity tensor, which characterizes the deviation of the affine connection from the metric compatibility condition. We have considered two different forms of f(Q) gravity as f(Q) = beta + alpha , Q^{(n+1)} and f(Q) = beta , Q + alpha , Q^{n} to explain the dynamics of the expanding universe. We have discussed the dynamics of the universe through graphical representation by considering the power law ( $a = k t^m$). The free parameters of {color{red}the} models are fitted {color{red}with} the latest observational data set of {color{red} Observational Hubble Data} (OHD), consisting of 57 points, using statistical analysis based on the MCMC method. The best-fitted values for the model’s parameter are estimated as H_0 = 67.3 pm 1.1, m = 1.0213 pm 0.0071, and k = 65.4 pm 1.1. The parameters of the derived model, like energy density, isotropic pressure, EoS parameter, and jerk parameter, are discussed. We have described the energy conditions to explain the viability of the considered models. We have also verified the stability of the derived model through perturbation analysis.
","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135728532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Niu, Yizhuo Zhang, Jihui Chen, Shiyan Meng, Ke Yao, Yaming Zou, Jiguang Li, Zhencen He, Ju Meng
This work reported the investigation of optical spectra of Rh-like Xe9+ and Ru-like Xe10+ ions at a low-energy electron beam ion trap. The line from 4d92D3/2 - 2D5/2M1 transition of Xe9+ ions was remeasured, the wavelength of which was determined to be 598.365(5) nm, and the uncertainty was significantly improved. In the region of 200 - 700 nm, four spectral lines emitted from Xe10+ ions were directly observed for the first time. The relativistic many-body perturbation method was adopted for the investigation of fine structure in Xe10+ ions. The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement within 2%, and the four observed lines of Xe10+ ions were identified.
{"title":"Optical lines of Xe<sup>9+</sup> and Xe<sup>10+</sup> ions measured at a low-energy electron beam ion trap.","authors":"Ben Niu, Yizhuo Zhang, Jihui Chen, Shiyan Meng, Ke Yao, Yaming Zou, Jiguang Li, Zhencen He, Ju Meng","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0231","url":null,"abstract":"This work reported the investigation of optical spectra of Rh-like Xe<sup>9+</sup> and Ru-like Xe<sup>10+</sup> ions at a low-energy electron beam ion trap. The line from 4<i>d</i><sup>9</sup> <sup>2</sup>D<sub>3/2</sub> - <sup>2</sup>D<sub>5/2</sub> <i>M</i>1 transition of Xe<sup>9+</sup> ions was remeasured, the wavelength of which was determined to be 598.365(5) nm, and the uncertainty was significantly improved. In the region of 200 - 700 nm, four spectral lines emitted from Xe<sup>10+</sup> ions were directly observed for the first time. The relativistic many-body perturbation method was adopted for the investigation of fine structure in Xe<sup>10+</sup> ions. The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement within 2%, and the four observed lines of Xe<sup>10+</sup> ions were identified.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate the influence of the angular momentum of the charged particle around non-extremal and extremal charged Taub–NUT black holes on Lyapunov exponent, and find spatial regions where chaos bound is violated. The exponent is determined by the effective potential. When the particle’s charge is fixed, circular orbits gradually move away from the event horizons with the angular momentum’s increases. We find that the bound is always violated at a certain distance from the horizons when the angular momentum is greater than a certain value. Especially when the black holes’ charges are small enough, the Lyapunov exponent’s violation always exists for any value of the particle’s angular momentum.
{"title":"Violation of the chaos bound in charged Taub–NUT black holes","authors":"Jian Tang","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0082","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the influence of the angular momentum of the charged particle around non-extremal and extremal charged Taub–NUT black holes on Lyapunov exponent, and find spatial regions where chaos bound is violated. The exponent is determined by the effective potential. When the particle’s charge is fixed, circular orbits gradually move away from the event horizons with the angular momentum’s increases. We find that the bound is always violated at a certain distance from the horizons when the angular momentum is greater than a certain value. Especially when the black holes’ charges are small enough, the Lyapunov exponent’s violation always exists for any value of the particle’s angular momentum.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, I have investigated the two-body pure penguin decays of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], that these were collected with the LHCb detector, and the branching fractions were measured to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. I have studied these decay modes within the framework of the factorization approach by using three different energy scales; while in calculating the amplitude of these decays, the multiplications of four vectors of the polarization vectors, such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] appear. These parameters have been calculated based on helicity amplitudes [Formula: see text]; the results obtained for branching fractions in the μ = m b /2 scale are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. I have also estimated the fractions of longitudinal polarizations in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decay modes by considering the transverse amplitudes [Formula: see text]; at the μ = m b /2 scale the results are obtained to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which are comparable to the experimental results, 0.724 ± 0.051 ± 0.016 and 0.694 ± 0.016 ± 0.012, respectively, reported by the LHCb collaboration.
在本文中，我研究了[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]的两体纯企鹅衰变，这些都是用LHCb探测器收集的，分支分数测量为[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]。我通过使用三种不同的能量尺度在分解方法的框架内研究了这些衰变模式;在计算这些衰减的幅度时，出现了四个偏振矢量的乘法，如[公式:见文]、[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]。这些参数是根据螺旋幅值计算的[公式:见文];μ = m b /2尺度下分支分数的计算结果为[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]。我还通过考虑横向振幅[公式:见文本]估算了[公式:见文本]和[公式:见文本]衰减模式中纵向极化的分量;在μ = m b /2尺度下得到的结果为[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]，与LHCb合作报告的实验结果相当，分别为0.724±0.051±0.016和0.694±0.016±0.012。
{"title":"Calculations of branching ratios and longitudinal polarization fractions in B 0 → K * 0 K ¯ * 0 and B s 0 → K * 0 K ¯ * 0 decays","authors":"Behnam Mohammadi","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I have investigated the two-body pure penguin decays of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], that these were collected with the LHCb detector, and the branching fractions were measured to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. I have studied these decay modes within the framework of the factorization approach by using three different energy scales; while in calculating the amplitude of these decays, the multiplications of four vectors of the polarization vectors, such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] appear. These parameters have been calculated based on helicity amplitudes [Formula: see text]; the results obtained for branching fractions in the μ = m b /2 scale are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. I have also estimated the fractions of longitudinal polarizations in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decay modes by considering the transverse amplitudes [Formula: see text]; at the μ = m b /2 scale the results are obtained to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which are comparable to the experimental results, 0.724 ± 0.051 ± 0.016 and 0.694 ± 0.016 ± 0.012, respectively, reported by the LHCb collaboration.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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