Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is most dramatic when the photons involved are perfectly indistinguishable. Departures from this ideal scenario, however, are also interesting and useful to consider. In this tutorial, we analyze scenarios where the degree of the photons' distinguishability depends on their spectral and temporal ``overlap.'' We first consider photons that are both spectrally pure and spectrally separable. We then generalize this to include spectrally entangled (but still spectrally pure) photons, and spectrally mixed (but still spectrally separable) photons. This tutorial equips researchers with tools for a deeper understanding of this interesting phenomenon and its various applications.
{"title":"Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference: A spectral-temporal analysis","authors":"Christian Drago, Aggie Branczyk","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0312","url":null,"abstract":"Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is most dramatic when the photons involved are perfectly indistinguishable. Departures from this ideal scenario, however, are also interesting and useful to consider. In this tutorial, we analyze scenarios where the degree of the photons' distinguishability depends on their spectral and temporal ``overlap.'' We first consider photons that are both spectrally pure and spectrally separable. We then generalize this to include spectrally entangled (but still spectrally pure) photons, and spectrally mixed (but still spectrally separable) photons. This tutorial equips researchers with tools for a deeper understanding of this interesting phenomenon and its various applications.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relation between Dirac materials and obtainance of chiral effective dynamos in te Burgers torsional dislocation crystals in condensed matter is discussed.
讨论了凝聚态物质中的狄拉克材料与 Te Burgers 扭转位错晶体中手性有效动力的获得之间的关系。
{"title":"Chiral effective dynamo and torsion type loop holonomy on dislocated Dirac materials","authors":"L.C. Garcia de Andrade","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Relation between Dirac materials and obtainance of chiral effective dynamos in te Burgers torsional dislocation crystals in condensed matter is discussed.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Niu, Jihui Chen, Bingli Li, Yizhuo Zhang, Zhang Ling, Ju Meng, Xiao Jun, Yunqin Fu, Ke Yao
This study presents the investigation of magnetic dipole transition lines of W13+ ions in the wavelength range of 200 - 700 nm at a low-energy electron beam ion trap. Seventeen lines emitted from W13+ ions have been observed with three being reported experimentally for the first time. The atomic structure calculation and spectra simulation of W13+ ions have been carried out using the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) method combined with the relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) approach and the collisional-radiative model (CRM), respectively. The theoretical calculations are in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations, and most of the observed lines have been identified.
{"title":"Investigation of optical spectroscopy in W13+ ions.","authors":"Ben Niu, Jihui Chen, Bingli Li, Yizhuo Zhang, Zhang Ling, Ju Meng, Xiao Jun, Yunqin Fu, Ke Yao","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0298","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the investigation of magnetic dipole transition lines of W13+ ions in the wavelength range of 200 - 700 nm at a low-energy electron beam ion trap. Seventeen lines emitted from W13+ ions have been observed with three being reported experimentally for the first time. The atomic structure calculation and spectra simulation of W13+ ions have been carried out using the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) method combined with the relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) approach and the collisional-radiative model (CRM), respectively. The theoretical calculations are in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations, and most of the observed lines have been identified.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, attention has been given towards the development of an approximate method for the boundary-layer flows involving no pressure gradient (the flows due to moving continuous surfaces in a still fluid). The integral method devised in this study is an extension of the existing Thwaites integral method; applicable to boundary-layer flows over the stationary surfaces of finite length (which, in general, involve the pressure gradient because of the presence of external potential flow, except for the case of uniform external flow). The existing Thwaites integral method does not give an acceptable approximation for the flows over moving continuous surfaces in a quiescent fluid, involving no pressure gradient. Therefore, the extension of the existing Thwaites integral method, proposed in this study, will make it applicable to the flows due to moving continuous surfaces in a stationary fluid (involving no pressure gradient), also. With the combination of the two, the existing, and the extended Thwaites integral method, the generalized Thwaites integral method is proposed, applicable to the boundary-layer flows whether involving a pressure gradient or not.
{"title":"Generalization of the Thwaites integral method for laminar boundary-layers due to moving continuous surfaces","authors":"Ahmer Mahmood, Muhammad Awais","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0250","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, attention has been given towards the development of an approximate method for the boundary-layer flows involving no pressure gradient (the flows due to moving continuous surfaces in a still fluid). The integral method devised in this study is an extension of the existing Thwaites integral method; applicable to boundary-layer flows over the stationary surfaces of finite length (which, in general, involve the pressure gradient because of the presence of external potential flow, except for the case of uniform external flow). The existing Thwaites integral method does not give an acceptable approximation for the flows over moving continuous surfaces in a quiescent fluid, involving no pressure gradient. Therefore, the extension of the existing Thwaites integral method, proposed in this study, will make it applicable to the flows due to moving continuous surfaces in a stationary fluid (involving no pressure gradient), also. With the combination of the two, the existing, and the extended Thwaites integral method, the generalized Thwaites integral method is proposed, applicable to the boundary-layer flows whether involving a pressure gradient or not.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evan M. R. Petrimoulx, Aaron T. Bondy, Eric A. Ene, Lamies A. Sati, Gordon W.F. Drake
We report an improved variational upper bound for the ground state energy of H- using Hylleraas-like wave functions in the form of a triple basis set having three distinct distance scales. The extended precision DQFUN of Bailey, allowing for 70 decimal digit arithmetic, is implemented to retain sufficient precision. Our result exceeds the previous record [A. M. Frolov, Euro. J. Phys. D 69, 132 (2015)], indicating that the Hylleraas triple basis set exhibits comparable convergence to the widely used pseudorandom all-exponential basis sets, but the numerical stability against roundoff error is much better. It is argued that the three distance scales have a clear physical interpretation. The new variational bound is --0.527 751 016 544 377 196 590 814 478 a.u. New variational bounds are also presented for the finite mass cases of the hydrogen, deuterium and tritium negative ions H-, D- and T-.
我们报告了一种改进的 H- 基态能量变分上界，它使用了具有三个不同距离尺度的三重基集形式的 Hylleraas 样波函数。我们采用了贝利的扩展精度 DQFUN，允许小数点后 70 位的运算，以保持足够的精度。我们的结果超过了之前的记录[A. M. Frolov, Euro. J. Phys. D 69, 132 (2015)]，表明Hylleraas三重基集的收敛性与广泛使用的伪随机全指数基集相当，但抗圆周误差的数值稳定性要好得多。研究认为，三个距离尺度具有明确的物理解释。新的变分边界为--0.527 751 016 544 377 196 590 814 478 a.u。此外，还针对氢、氘和氚负离子H-、D-和T-的有限质量情况提出了新的变分边界。
{"title":"Ground-state energy of H-: a critical test of triple basis sets","authors":"Evan M. R. Petrimoulx, Aaron T. Bondy, Eric A. Ene, Lamies A. Sati, Gordon W.F. Drake","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0277","url":null,"abstract":"We report an improved variational upper bound for the ground state energy of H- using Hylleraas-like wave functions in the form of a triple basis set having three distinct distance scales. The extended precision DQFUN of Bailey, allowing for 70 decimal digit arithmetic, is implemented to retain sufficient precision. Our result exceeds the previous record [A. M. Frolov, Euro. J. Phys. D 69, 132 (2015)], indicating that the Hylleraas triple basis set exhibits comparable convergence to the widely used pseudorandom all-exponential basis sets, but the numerical stability against roundoff error is much better. It is argued that the three distance scales have a clear physical interpretation. The new variational bound is --0.527 751 016 544 377 196 590 814 478 a.u. New variational bounds are also presented for the finite mass cases of the hydrogen, deuterium and tritium negative ions H-, D- and T-.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphorus (P), a basic element of life, has been a least studied element due to its poor presence in astrophysical spectra. However, search for the P lines has increased considerably with discoveries of exoplanets and are being detected by high resolution and sophisticated astronomical observatories, e.g. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). JWST may provide a clue for life with detection of P in its infrared (IR) region. Identification of the element and analysis of the observed spectra will require high accuracy data for atomic processes that produces lines and their predicted features. The present study focuses on these needs and reports systematically regions of wavelengths, from x-ray to IR, that show prominent lines by the 15 individual ionization stages of phosphorus, P I - P XV for the first time. We present large amount of relevant atomic data for energies, transition parameters, and lifetimes obtained in relativistic Breit-Pauli approximation using the R-matrix method and atomic structure program SUPERSTRUCTURE. Our spectral features for the fifteen ions, P I - P XV, predict strengths of lines in various wavelength regions. They show dominance of P~I and P~II in the infrared region and other ions in the ultraviolet and optical regions often stretching to IR in the continuum. For determination of accuracy, we have made extensive comparisons of our atomic data with available experimental and theoretical values. Based on these, our results and features are expected to provide precise plasma diagnostics and astrophysical modeling.
磷（P）是生命的基本元素，但由于在天体物理光谱中很少出现，因此对它的研究一直很少。然而，随着系外行星的发现，对 P 线的搜索大大增加，高分辨率和复杂的天文观测台（如詹姆斯-韦伯太空望远镜（JWST））也正在对其进行探测。JWST 在其红外（IR）区域探测到的 P 可能会为生命提供线索。要识别这种元素并分析观测到的光谱，就需要获得关于产生谱线的原子过程及其预测特征的高精度数据。本研究针对这些需求，首次系统地报告了从 X 射线到红外的波长区域，这些区域显示了磷的 15 个电离阶段（P I - P XV）的突出谱线。我们利用 R 矩阵方法和原子结构程序 SUPERSTRUCTURE，在相对论布赖特-保利近似中获得了大量有关能量、转变参数和寿命的原子数据。我们对 15 个离子（P I - P XV）的光谱特征预测了不同波长区域的线强度。它们显示 P~I 和 P~II 在红外区域占主导地位，而其他离子则在紫外和光学区域占主导地位，并经常延伸到连续面的红外区域。为了确定准确性，我们将原子数据与现有的实验值和理论值进行了广泛的比较。在此基础上，我们的结果和特征有望提供精确的等离子体诊断和天体物理建模。
{"title":"Spectra of phosphorus ions for astrophysical modeling: P~I - P~XV","authors":"S. Nahar, B. Shafique","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0272","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P), a basic element of life, has been a least studied element due to its poor presence in astrophysical spectra. However, search for the P lines has increased considerably with discoveries of exoplanets and are being detected by high resolution and sophisticated astronomical observatories, e.g. James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). JWST may provide a clue for life with detection of P in its infrared (IR) region. Identification of the element and analysis of the observed spectra will require high accuracy data for atomic processes that produces lines and their predicted features. The present study focuses on these needs and reports systematically regions of wavelengths, from x-ray to IR, that show prominent lines by the 15 individual ionization stages of phosphorus, P I - P XV for the first time. We present large amount of relevant atomic data for energies, transition parameters, and lifetimes obtained in relativistic Breit-Pauli approximation using the R-matrix method and atomic structure program SUPERSTRUCTURE. Our spectral features for the fifteen ions, P I - P XV, predict strengths of lines in various wavelength regions. They show dominance of P~I and P~II in the infrared region and other ions in the ultraviolet and optical regions often stretching to IR in the continuum. For determination of accuracy, we have made extensive comparisons of our atomic data with available experimental and theoretical values. Based on these, our results and features are expected to provide precise plasma diagnostics and astrophysical modeling.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We visit significant historical steps in quantum collision physics that make photoionization time delay measurable, especially considering the time-reversal symmetry in related processes. The works of A. Ravi P. Rau and Ugo Fano inspire key ideas presented in this article.
我们访问了量子碰撞物理学中使光离子化时间延迟可测量的重要历史步骤，特别是考虑到相关过程中的时间反转对称性。A. Ravi P. Rau 和 Ugo Fano 的著作启发了本文提出的关键观点。
{"title":"Measurability of Wigner time delay in a photoionization experiment","authors":"P.C. Deshmukh, Sourav Banerjee, Steven T. Manson","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0226","url":null,"abstract":"We visit significant historical steps in quantum collision physics that make photoionization time delay measurable, especially considering the time-reversal symmetry in related processes. The works of A. Ravi P. Rau and Ugo Fano inspire key ideas presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elastic scattering of a wave can be quantified by a shift in the phase with respect to the incoming wave phase. A qualitative measure of the time during which the effect occurs is given by the Wigner time delay. The tunneling time in turn is known to saturate with increasing tunneling barrier width (Hartman effect). Here, we analyze the elastic quantum mechanical scattering in a deformed one-dimensional Riemannian manifold, particularly with respect to theWigner time delay and conclude on the Hartman effect. It is shown that scattering due to local curvature variations imply imperfect conduction behavior indicating resonance states and leads to a Wigner time delay which, at low energies, is in variance with the classical time delay that is inferred from the arc length. At moderate and high energies, however, classical and quantum time delays coincide.
{"title":"Wigner time delay and Hartman effect in quantum motion along deformed Riemannian manifolds","authors":"Benjamin Schwager, Lars Meschede, Jamal Berakdar","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0303","url":null,"abstract":"Elastic scattering of a wave can be quantified by a shift in the phase with respect to the incoming wave phase. A qualitative measure of the time during which the effect occurs is given by the Wigner time delay. The tunneling time in turn is known to saturate with increasing tunneling barrier width (Hartman effect). Here, we analyze the elastic quantum mechanical scattering in a deformed one-dimensional Riemannian manifold, particularly with respect to theWigner time delay and conclude on the Hartman effect. It is shown that scattering due to local curvature variations imply imperfect conduction behavior indicating resonance states and leads to a Wigner time delay which, at low energies, is in variance with the classical time delay that is inferred from the arc length. At moderate and high energies, however, classical and quantum time delays coincide.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140460401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thin films of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 were obtained by high-frequency sputtering on (100)p-Si substrates. Results of studies of frequency and temperature dependences of real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 ferroelectric film on alternating electric current are presented. It has been found that the polarization process has an activation character, the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permeability decrease with increasing frequency, and the decrease rate is much higher at relatively low frequencies than at high frequencies. The relaxation time has been calculated and this crystal has been found to have an electron polarization mechanism due to thermal motion.
{"title":"DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 FERROELECTRIC FILMS IN AN ALTERNATING ELECTRIC FIELD","authors":"A. Nabiyev, J. Huseynov, I. Abbasov","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0265","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 were obtained by high-frequency sputtering on (100)p-Si substrates. Results of studies of frequency and temperature dependences of real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 ferroelectric film on alternating electric current are presented. It has been found that the polarization process has an activation character, the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permeability decrease with increasing frequency, and the decrease rate is much higher at relatively low frequencies than at high frequencies. The relaxation time has been calculated and this crystal has been found to have an electron polarization mechanism due to thermal motion.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the matter of gravitational vacuum stars, or gravastars, in the context of f(R,G,T) gravity, where R, G and T refer the Ricci Scalar, Gauss-Bonnet invariant term and Trace of energy momentum tensor. Here, using certain suitable numerical approaches, solutions to the highly nonlinear differential equations are determined. For a well-known f( R,G,T) gravity cosmological model, the main structure of gravastars has been discussed according to core, shell, and external region. It is illustrated graphically how the relationship between mass and radius has evolved for the gravastar under consideration.
{"title":"Gravastars in f (R,G,T) Gravity","authors":"M. Ilyas","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2023-0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2023-0198","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the matter of gravitational vacuum stars, or gravastars, in the context of f(R,G,T) gravity, where R, G and T refer the Ricci Scalar, Gauss-Bonnet invariant term and Trace of energy momentum tensor. Here, using certain suitable numerical approaches, solutions to the highly nonlinear differential equations are determined. For a well-known f( R,G,T) gravity cosmological model, the main structure of gravastars has been discussed according to core, shell, and external region. It is illustrated graphically how the relationship between mass and radius has evolved for the gravastar under consideration.","PeriodicalId":9413,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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