Metabolism open最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly olive oil intake, and metabolic health parameters are independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced IgG responses","authors":"Dimitra Petropoulou ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Tsilingiris ,&nbsp;Spyridon N. Karras ,&nbsp;Anastasios Ioannidis ,&nbsp;Georgia Petropoulou ,&nbsp;Antonios Chatzigeorgiou ,&nbsp;Eva Kassi ,&nbsp;Irene Karampela ,&nbsp;Andriana Diamantopoulou ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos ,&nbsp;Maria Dalamaga","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2026.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2026.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine–induced humoral immunity extend beyond vaccination and infection history; however, the role of specific dietary patterns and metabolic health parameters has not been fully elucidated. Although very few recent studies have examined the association between Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, evidence integrating specific food components and detailed metabolic indices in relation to vaccine-induced humoral immunity is limited. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate the associations of MedDiet, its individual components and metabolic health parameters with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine–induced IgG responses in a well-characterized population of healthcare workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 198 Greek healthcare workers (mean age 47.7 ± 11.6 years; 73.7 % female) who had received two or three BNT162b2 vaccine doses were evaluated 4–6 months post-vaccination. Demographic, clinical, anthropometric, metabolic and dietary data were collected at a single study visit. The MedDiet score and individual dietary components were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Serum SARS-CoV-2 anti–Spike (S) IgG levels were quantified using a standardized CMIA assay (Alinity i, Abbott). Multivariable linear regression analyses with log-transformed IgG titers as the dependent variable were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The geometric mean titer of anti–S IgG was 6373.4 AU/mL (95 % CI 5190–7820). In adjusted models, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (p &lt; 0.001) and receipt of three vaccine doses (p = 0.007) were the strongest correlates of higher antibody levels. Higher MedDiet adherence was independently associated with increased IgG concentrations (p = 0.027). In models including dietary components, higher olive oil (p &lt; 0.001) and legumes consumption (p = 0.032), and lower alcohol intake (p = 0.001) were significant positive determinants. METS-IR (Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance) and 25OHD (25 hydroxyvitamin D) status showed a significant positive association with IgG levels [p = 0.042 and p = 0.060 (of borderline statistical significance), respectively], while smoking was inversely associated (p = 0.020). Importantly, the association with olive oil intake persisted in both infection-naïve and previously infected individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this cross-sectional analysis, MedDiet adherence, particularly olive oil and legume consumption, and metabolic factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine–induced IgG responses, highlighting the need for further longitudinal and interventional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions for metabolic bone disease of prematurity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yazan Jumah Alalwani ,&nbsp;Mujood Ali Alatta ,&nbsp;Khawlah Abdullah Almana ,&nbsp;Amal Alomari ,&nbsp;Reem Hameed Alshammari ,&nbsp;Ghadi Naif Alsharif ,&nbsp;Asma Mossa Soweedi ,&nbsp;Sofia Sharif Abualmeza ,&nbsp;Sara Abdulrahman Alharbi ,&nbsp;Marwa Abdullrahman Maghrabi ,&nbsp;Kholoud Khalid Alshehri ,&nbsp;Abdullah Alburaey ,&nbsp;Ahmed Y. Azzam","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2026.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2026.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) affects up to 30 % of very low birth weight infants; however, evidence regarding prevention and treatment strategies remains limited. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nutritional, mechanical, and pharmacological interventions for MBDP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched five databases from inception to May 5, 2025, for studies evaluating interventions for MBDP in preterm infants (&lt;37 weeks or &lt;1500g). Primary outcomes included MBDP incidence, bone mineral density, and safety profiles. Random-effects meta-analyses, trial sequential analysis (TSA), and GRADE assessments were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen studies (1577 infants) from ten countries met inclusion criteria. Nutritional prophylaxis significantly reduced MBDP incidence by 54 % (risk ratio [RR] = 0.46, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.68, P-value&lt;0.001), with early calcium/phosphorus supplementation achieving 74–84 % risk reduction. TSA confirmed conclusive evidence, with cumulative Z-score (−5.99) crossing the O'Brien-Fleming boundary at 270.9 % of required information size. Number needed to treat was five at 40 % baseline risk. Mechanical interventions improved bone mineral content by 28 % (P-value&lt;0.01), quantitative ultrasound speed-of-sound (mean difference [MD] = 75.3 m/s, 95 % CI 45.2–105.4), and weight gain (MD = 5.11 g/kg/day, 95 % CI 3.95–6.27). Both interventions demonstrated favorable safety profiles, with mechanical protocols reporting no adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nutritional prophylaxis conclusively reduces MBDP incidence, while mechanical interventions effectively improve bone mineralization. Although no studies directly evaluated combined approaches, the complementary mechanisms of nutritional and mechanical interventions suggest that optimal prevention may involve integrating both strategies. Critical gaps persist in orthopedic management, necessitating future research on fracture protocols and surgical interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity-induced cognitive impairment: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic prospects","authors":"Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Shu Liu ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2026.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2026.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Obesity is not only a core risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases, but also significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Obesity in middle age can cause aprosexia, cognitive disorder, dementia, hypomnesis, and increase the risk of execution decline, depression and anxiety. The underlying mechanisms involve multiple pathological pathways such as neuroinflammation, imbalance of gut microbiota-gut-brain axis, metabolic abnormalities, and imbalance of adipokines. Obesity induced chronic inflammation impairs neuroprotection by activating microglia, exacerbating β-amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration. Intestinal flora disorder impairs neuroprotection by reducing the production of short-chain fatty acids. Metabolic syndrome has synergistic damage to cerebral vascular and white matter microstructure. Genetic factors, comorbidities and ethnic differences clearly moderated the association between obesity and cognition. Among the interventions, bariatric surgery can improve executive function and memory, while lifestyle modification and drug intervention have protective effects by reducing inflammation and metabolic disorders. In the future, we need to focus on precise intervention strategies, such as developing multi-dimensional biomarkers, and optimizing obesity assessment indicators to overcome the limitations of existing studies, so as to provide a basis for phased and individualized prevention and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic potential of hydromethanol extract and solvent fraction of the leaves of Ajuga integrifolia (Lamiaceae) in diabetic mice models","authors":"Yalo Daba ,&nbsp;Monas Kitessa ,&nbsp;Kindessa Ahmed ,&nbsp;Demis Million ,&nbsp;Ayalew Temesgen ,&nbsp;Meseret Amde ,&nbsp;Tsegu Kiros ,&nbsp;Dine Walo ,&nbsp;Anteneh Belayneh ,&nbsp;Jemal Abdela","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2026.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2026.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus is a spectrum of distinct metabolic disorders marked by sustained elevation of blood glucose levels that arises from deficiencies in either insulin action, insulin secretion, or a combination of both. <em>Ajuga integrifolia</em> is traditionally used to control diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of hydromethanol and solvent fraction extracts from the leaves of <em>Ajuga integrifolia</em> using in vitro and in vivo methods.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The plant leaves were extracted using the maceration technique. The plant's acute oral toxicity test was evaluated according to the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In vitro α-amylase inhibition activity of the hydromethanol and solvent fraction extracts of the leaves of <em>Ajuga integrifolia</em> was evaluated by using the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid method.</div><div>The study examined the effects of hydromethanol and solvent fraction extracts at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg on lowering blood glucose levels in a diabetic mouse model.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>An acute toxicity study of the hydromethanol extract of the leaves of the <em>Ajuga integrifolia</em> did not show any sign of toxicity or mortality. The greatest alpha amylase inhibition was revealed by hydromethanol extracts (57.63 ± 0.38 %) (800 μg/mL), while the n-hexane fraction (23.18 ± 0.78 %) (800 μg/mL) showed the lowest effect. The hydromethanol extract 500 mg/kg (p &lt; 0.001) and 1000 mg/kg (p &lt; 0.001) at 2 and 4 h significantly reduced the blood glucose level in normoglycemic mice. At 2 h, both the 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses of hydromethanol extract significantly lowered BGL when compared to the 30-min BGL and the negative control group (P &lt; 0.001). The hydromethanol extract and aqueous fraction showed significant (P &lt; 0.001) antidiabetic activity at a dosage of 1000 mg/kg, resulting in a 39.2 % and 37.5 % reduction in blood glucose levels in the diabetic mice model, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Acute treatment with hydromethanol extract is safe and well-tolerated when administered orally. The study supported the traditional use of <em>Ajuga integrifolia</em> leaves for patients with diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholecystectomy with jejunoileal bypass ameliorates diabetic metabolism in mice with type 2 diabetes through modulation of FXR and TGR5 signaling","authors":"Haixin Yin ,&nbsp;Weijie Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaodong He ,&nbsp;JianPing Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our aim was to investigate the improvement in glucose and lipid profiles and the mechanism involving bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 following cholecystectomy with jejunoileal bypass(CJB) in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty male mice with T2DM were randomly assigned to CJB and sham groups. We analyzed fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acids (FFA), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and total bile acids (TBA) levels. Expression levels of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue were assessed post-sacrifice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite pair-feeding, the CJB group exhibited lower body weights than the sham group at 24 weeks post-surgery (<em>P</em> = 0.004). The levels of FBG (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and insulin (<em>P</em> = 0.013) in the CJB group significantly decreased compared to the baseline. The intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests demonstrated improved glucose tolerance (<em>P</em> = 0.004) and insulin sensitivity (<em>P</em> = 0.001). GLP-1 levels significantly increased (<em>P</em> = 0.002). The levels of TC (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and LDL-C (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were decreased, while the levels of TG (<em>P</em> = 0.003), HDL-C (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and FFA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were increased at the 24th postoperative week. Furthermore, TBA concentrations were higher in the CJB group than in the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The expression of FXR in the liver (<em>P</em> = 0.034), muscle (<em>P</em> = 0.003) and adipose tissue (<em>P</em> = 0.045) and that of TGR5 in the liver (<em>P</em> = 0.024), muscle (<em>P</em> = 0.026) and adipose tissue (<em>P</em> = 0.004) were upregulated after surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In mice with T2DM, cholecystectomy with jejunoileal bypass modulates BA–FXR/TGR5 signaling and is associated with metabolic improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between serum uric acid and gut microbiota: implications for metabolic health","authors":"Nurshad Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serum uric acid (SUA), the end product of purine metabolism, is a known risk factor for developing gout; however, recent evidence suggests its broader role in metabolic disorders. The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem, plays a crucial role in influencing purine metabolism and intestinal uric acid (UA) excretion. Recent findings have uncovered a two-way relationship: certain microbes can metabolize purines and UA, while elevated UA can reduce microbial diversity, alter the production of SCFAs, and compromise intestinal barrier function. These interactions are linked to obesity, insulin resistance, T2D, NAFLD, and CVD, connecting purine metabolism with overall metabolic health. This review synthesizes current experimental and clinical evidence on SUA-microbiota interactions, with an emphasis on microbial enzymes, host urate transporters, and microbial metabolites, including bile acids and SCFAs. It also discusses therapeutic implications, spanning urate-lowering drugs to microbiota-targeted strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modulation. Despite progress, significant gaps remain: most human studies are cross-sectional, microbial taxa influencing SUA remain inconsistent, and interindividual microbiome variability limits the translation of findings to personalized care. Future multi-omics and longitudinal approaches are necessary to elucidate causal pathways and identify biomarkers, ultimately informing innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases beyond gout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the causal roles of cholesterol and triglyceride subfractions across lipoproteins in irritable bowel syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Fang Peng ,&nbsp;Kemin Xu ,&nbsp;Qinwen Ba ,&nbsp;Hao Bi ,&nbsp;Yanjun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary composition and nutrient intake are increasingly recognised as key modulators of symptom onset and severity in a substantial subset of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Among dietary lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides have emerged as potential contributors. Nevertheless, the causal relationship remains poorly understood, and evidence in this area remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to dissect the putative causal effects of cholesterol and triglycerides on IBS risk in individuals of European ancestry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Instrumental variables were constructed for 17 lipid traits—total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, and 13 size-specific High-density lipoprotein(HDL), Low-density lipoprotein(LDL), and Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) sub-fractions—using summary-level data from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Lipid exposures were derived from a meta-analysis of 115,082 European-ancestry individuals. IBS outcomes were ascertained in an independent cohort of 486,601 participants of European descent. Causal estimates were obtained with five complementary MR methods: inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. Robustness was further interrogated with leave-one-out permutation, MR-Egger intercept evaluation of directional pleiotropy, and Cochran's Q assessment of heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MR analysis indicated that cholesterol or free cholesterol content of chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL particles were causally associated with an increased risk of developing IBS (β = 0.0679, odds ratios (OR) = 1.070, 95 % CI 1.015–1.128, P = 0.0118; and β = 0.0650, OR = 1.0672, 95 % CI 1.0179–1.1189, P = 0.0007, respectively). Conversely, equivalent increments in cholesterol or free cholesterol carried by very large HDL or very small VLDL conferred protection (β = −0.0626, OR = 0.9392, 95 % CI 0.8992–0.9810, P = 0.0047; and β = -0.0604, OR = 0.9412, 95 % CI 0.9023–0.9819, P = 0.005). Total circulating triglycerides also displayed a positive causal effect on IBS susceptibility (β = 0.0798, OR = 1.083, 95 % CI 1.0268–1.1423, P = 0.0033), with concordant directional estimates observed across the majority of lipoprotein sub-fractions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Whereas triglycerides conveyed a uniformly adverse effect on IBS risk regardless of lipoprotein carrier, cholesterol displayed a net protective signal across most particle classes. This dichotomy implies that lipid-centred interventions should discriminate between the two moieties: dietary or pharmacological strategies that selectively lower triglycerides while preserving—or even augmenting—cholesterol in specific lipoprotein fractions may offer a rational, mechanistically grounded approach to IBS prevention and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum uric acid levels and lumbar spine Z-scores in adults aged <50 years: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Guanwen Sun ,&nbsp;Yijun Zhou ,&nbsp;Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of hyperuricemia is rising among young adults, yet its impact on bone metabolism remains unclear. This study investigated the association between serum uric acid levels and spinal bone mineral density in adults under 50, evaluating confounders, effect modification, and mediating pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study at the First People's Hospital of Changde City (January 1–December 31, 2024) included 238 individuals aged &lt;50 years. Serum uric acid was the exposure; lumbar spine Z-score was the outcome. Multivariable linear regression assessed associations after adjusting for age, sex, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, neutrophil count, red blood cell count, waist circumference, triglycerides, and blood pressure. Stratified analyses examined effect modification; mediation analysis quantified creatinine's role.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adjusted models showed each 100 μmol/L increase in serum uric acid was associated with a 0.20 higher lumbar spine Z-score.(β = 0.002, 95 % CI: 0.000–0.004, P = 0.044). The association was significant in women (β = 0.004 per μmol/L, P = 0.009) but absent in men (β = −0.001, P = 0.712), and stronger with lower creatinine (P_interaction = 0.004) or waist circumference (P_interaction = 0.004). Creatinine mediated 49.3 % of the effect (average mediation effect = 0.161, 95 % CI: 0.004–0.562, P = 0.024; direct effect P = 0.160).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with increased spinal bone mineral density in adults under 50, mediated partly by creatinine (∼49 % of the effect), with stronger effects in women and those with better renal function and lower adiposity. These findings reposition uric acid as a potential early protector against bone loss, paving the way for sex- and metabolism-tailored interventions to prevent osteoporosis in younger populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary “2+N system therapy” in achieving remission and metabolic improvement in type 2 diabetes: A real-world study with 1,000 patients","authors":"Kejing Zeng ,&nbsp;Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Hejun Li ,&nbsp;Nina Ren ,&nbsp;Yingying Song ,&nbsp;Minlin Liang ,&nbsp;Yin Yang ,&nbsp;Yali Huang ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Yiguang Lin ,&nbsp;Gugen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health challenge characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Traditional treatments often fail to achieve sustained remission. This study evaluated a comprehensive “2 + N system therapy” combining Western and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with individualized lifestyle interventions to promote T2DM remission and improve metabolic health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a real-world observational study, 1000 T2DM patients (disease duration ≤5 years; BMI ≥24 kg/m² or elevated waist circumference; preserved C-peptide) were treated with 2 + N therapy at Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (2015–2022). The “2” phase involved intensive insulin therapy transitioning to non-insulin agents with tailored TCM; the “N” phase included calorie-restricted low-carbohydrate diet, exercise, and psychological support. Primary outcome was diabetes remission (HbA₁c &lt; 6.5 % for ≥3 months without medication). Secondary outcomes included changes in weight, BMI, waist/hip circumference, glycemic indices, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-β), lipids, uric acid, and MRI-assessed hepatic and pancreatic fat in a subset.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 6 months, 70.5 % of participants achieved remission. Significant metabolic improvements were observed, including mean weight reduction (9.2 ± 4.3 kg), BMI decrease (3.2 ± 1.4 kg/m²), waist circumference reduction (11.0 ± 4.2 cm), and notable improvements in glycemic control (HbA₁c decreased from 7.3 ± 1.3 % to 5.3 ± 0.4 %). Lipid profiles significantly improved, with triglycerides declining from 6.34 ± 3.25 to 1.39 ± 0.95 mmol/L and total cholesterol from 7.41 ± 2.20 to 3.76 ± 0.86 mmol/L. MRI analysis of a subgroup (n = 26) showed significant reductions in hepatic fat (28.8 %) and pancreatic fat (25.0 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The “2+N system therapy” demonstrated a high remission rate and extensive metabolic benefits, including substantial weight loss, improved glycemic control, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and reductions in ectopic fat. However, causality cannot be established without a control group and further prospective controlled trials are required to confirm its efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone on mouse body weight and energy metabolism with the concomitant increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant ability","authors":"Lijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yimin Xu ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangyan Liang ,&nbsp;Zhuo Sun ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou ,&nbsp;Huan Liu ,&nbsp;Jinrui Chang ,&nbsp;Man Shi ,&nbsp;Yufeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.metop.2025.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and exhibits antioxidant properties. Since mitochondria play a crucial role in energy generation and metabolism, the present study aims to clarify whether PQQ is able to modulate energy expenditure and the development of obesity by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Male mice fed normal chow diet (NCD) or high fat diet (HFD) were supplemented with PQQ through drinking water for three months. Throughout this period, food and water intake, body weight, energy metabolic rate and the autonomous activity of the mice were measured. Then, the mice were sacrificed and the tissues were collected. Mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant capacity, and changes in gene expression were measured in liver tissue. The results showed that PQQ supplementation did not result in significant alterations in the food and water intake, body weight, and energy metabolic rate of the mice fed NCD or HFD although it significantly enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant capabilities of liver and promoted autonomous activity in NCD mice. Moreover, it had no impact on the adipose tissue mass in mice fed NCD or HFD. While PQQ supplementation induced the changes in metabolism-related genes such as CPT1a, SCD1, FABP1, HK2, HK3 and PGK1 in liver, it is suggested PQQ supplementation may influence lipid and glucose metabolism. However, PQQ-induced changes in hepatic gene expression and mitochondrial biogenesis are unable to alter systemic energy metabolism and adipose tissue accumulation in male mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94141,"journal":{"name":"Metabolism open","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}