Neuro endocrinology letters最新文献

Objective: Aim of our study was to identify the number of existing posture disorders in children in primary schools and to identify the most prevalent position of body segments that cause postural disorders.

Methods: The occurrence of postural disorders was analysed in the school year 2016/2017. The sample consisted of 311 pupils age 6-8 from the 16 districts of the Slovak republic. We used Klein, Thomas and Mayer method to evaluate the posture. Flat feet were evaluated according to Napoleon Wolanski scale. The results were verified by using a base rate quantity test. We determined the level of statistical significance at p = 0.05.

Results: We observed statistically significant postural disorders in children. Poor posture occurs in more than 50% of the population under the study. The most critical body segments which were subjected to pathology were shoulder blades and shoulders. Pathology in these segments exceeds 80%. Flat feet occurrence was in 65% children. Adverse results were also seen in pathologic position of: pelvis anteversion (46 %), head protruding (42%) and spinal curvature deformities in the sagittal plane (30%). In the frontal plane deformities of spinae reached 13%.

Conclusion: Health status of the children's locomotor system, especially postural system is poor. High prevalence of postural disorders in children requires preventive programs such as introducing corrective exercises into physical education and engaging children in sports. Knowledge of the most frequent body segments defects in children can be helpful for professionals in creating adequate corrective programs for children.

Background: Nasal polyps (NPs) are one of the most common inflammatory mass lesions of the nose, affecting up to 0.5-4% of the population. The pathogenesis of NPs has been studied widely, but it is not clearly understood. A possible role of S. aureus in nasal polyposis has been suggested by numerous studies. This study aimed to map S.aureus colonisation in NP patients in the nose in comparison to healthy controls.

Material and methods: We identified Staphylococcus aureus in nasal mucosal swab, collected from 58 patients with nasal polyposis from the out-patient ENT clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Nitra. We compared them to 50 patients without symptoms of nasal obstruction or NP. Isolated bacterial strains were then further identified.

Results: In nasal mucosa membrane, results were not statistically significant. The selected population consisted of 108 patients, of which 58 (54%) had nasal polyps and 50 (46%) didnt. We collected the following information about patients from both groups: age, gender, smoker, presence of asthma, allergy and presence of Staphylococcus aureus by cultivation from nasal mucosa. In addition, for patients with nasal polyposis we have following variables, such as: presence inflammatory diseases, allergy to acylpyrine, cystic fibrosis. Out of 58 patients with nasal polyposis 15% (n=9) were found to have S.aureus in nasal mucosa membrane, compared to the healthy controls where 6% (n=3) of patients had S. aureus.

Conclusion: Our results did not show that S. aureus found in nasal mucosa membrane is significantly different in patients with or without NP. However, association of the presence of S. aureus in patients with nasal polyposis with asthma, allergy and inflammation has been shown.

Objectives: Very few studies have reported occasional intradural and extradural communications between adjacent nerve roots. These studies mostly focus on lumbosacral regions followed by cervical regions, and rarely in the thoracic region.

Design: The aim of this work is to point out some extraordinary extradural and intradural features of the intraspinal nerve root courses and their possible participation in radiculopathy.

Subjects and methods: The anatomical study was performed in 43 cadavers. All intradural and extradural rami communicantes between nerve roots were examined histologically for the presence or absence of nervous tissue.

Results: Findings of the normotype of plexus formation occurred in 30 cases (69.8%). Variations in its formation were observed in 13 cases (30.2%). Anatomical preparations revealed intradural rami communicantes in all cases of the lumbosacral plexus; 28 times (65.1%) in cases of cervical roots and in the thoracic region 4 times (9.3%). Extradural anatomical variations occurred in 26 cases (60.5%). In 9 cases (20.9%) current occurence of intraspinal extradural and intradural communicating branches in the spinal canal were observed. Multiple extradural rami communicantes were observed in 6 cases (13.95%), including the simultaneous occurrence of multiple intradural and extradural ones in 5 cases (11.6%).

Conclusions: This study allowed us to identify and describe current occurence of intraspinal extradural and intradural communicating branches in the spinal canal with their potential influence on the clinical picture. Anatomical preparations revealed a higher incidence of intraspinal intradural variations, particularly between sacral roots. The reliance of their incidence of the type of plexus was observed.

Objectives: The brown adipose tissue is distributed only in specific locations of the mammalian body. Evidence has been presented that the brown fat occurs in human foetuses and new-borns. At later stages of life, most brown fat cells disappear and only persist in the perirenal and periaortic adipose tissue. However, detailed data on the occurrence of brown adipose tissue in adult humans differ among existing studies.

Design: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of brown adipose tissue in adult Slovak population.

Subjects and methods: The samples of periadrenal adipose tissue were taken from 379 consecutive autopsies of subjects aged between 26 and 94 years, fixed in formalin, processed by routine methods and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The sections were examined by light microscopy.

Results and conclusions: Brown adipose tissue cells were found in 240 (63%) cases. The prevalence of brown adipose tissue decreases below the age of 50 and later slightly increases. No significant differences in the prevalence of brown adipose tissue between men and women were found. With the exception of Germany, this study is currently the first extensive morphological autopsy study of brown adipose tissue prevalence in adults in Central and Eastern Europe.

Objectives: Intentional or unintentional caffeine abuse due to excessive intake of energy beverages is frequent. Fatalities due to caffeine intoxication are presented rarely. Over the last years, cases of caffeine ingestion for purposes of committing suicide have been reported in scientific literature.

Design: The aim of this case study is to report a fatal case of a 26-year-old man who intentionally ingested pure caffeine powder.

Methods: Standard autopsy, microscopic examination and toxicological examination using screening method, TLC, GC, and GC/MS were performed.

Results and conclusions: The presence of caffeine only at the concentration of 362 ug/mL in blood and 187 ug/mL in urine was revealed. The cause of death was cardiac arrest most likely due to ventricular dysrhythmia. The concentration of caffeine determined in the femoral blood of the decedent was three times higher than the lethal concentrations reported in other published case studies. Based on the investigated circumstances, the manner of death was evaluated as a suicide.