Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101571
P. Caro-Domínguez , L. García Díaz , G. Antiñolo , E. Miller , M. Carvajo , J.A. Sainz-Bueno
Fetal ventriculomegaly is one of the most common findings on prenatal ultrasound, and one of the most common indications for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this article is to explain the different terminology used to describe the dilatation of the fetal cerebral ventricles, explain the impact of imaging (ultrasound and MRI) in this clinical scenario, illustrate common causes of ventriculomegaly and summarise the evidence regarding prognosis for these children, in order to be able to provide appropriate prenatal advice.
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly","authors":"P. Caro-Domínguez , L. García Díaz , G. Antiñolo , E. Miller , M. Carvajo , J.A. Sainz-Bueno","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fetal ventriculomegaly is one of the most common findings on prenatal ultrasound, and one of the most common indications for fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this article is to explain the different terminology used to describe the dilatation of the fetal cerebral ventricles, explain the impact of imaging (ultrasound and MRI) in this clinical scenario, illustrate common causes of ventriculomegaly and summarise the evidence regarding prognosis for these children, in order to be able to provide appropriate prenatal advice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"68 1","pages":"Article 101571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101658
S.R.K. Ong , T.J. Rohringer , A.F. Gao , A.E. Para , S. Hiremath , P. Alcaide-Leon
Background
Follow-up imaging is crucial in managing primary brain tumors, with changes in contrast enhancement often used as a marker of tumor activity. However, fluctuations of enhancement independent of tumor progression have been described in low grade tumors in the paediatric population. This study aims to characterize the phenomenon of spontaneous contrast enhancement fluctuations in pilocytic astrocytoma and other low-grade primary brain tumors in the adult population.
Methods
A retrospective review of our MRI database (2011–2021) identified cases of pilocytic astrocytomas, pilomyxoid astrocytoma and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors with stable tumor size with enhancement changes in clinically stable adult patients off medical treatment. After excluding those without serial MRIs, we reviewed the MRIs and clinical records of 238 patients. Number of cases with enhancement fluctuations, mean duration of increasing enhancement prior to stability or decline and number of fluctuation cycles were recorded.
Results
The cohort included 9 adult patients, 6 pilocytic astrocytomas, 1 pilomyxoid astrocytoma and 2 rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors. Four of these were unresected (44%), while five were residual or recurrent tumors (56%). Despite stable tumor size and clinical status, a variety of enhancement patterns over time were observed: 44% of cases (4/9) demonstrated new or increasing enhancement on follow-up, with subsequent regression of enhancement over a 1−4 year follow-up period. An additional 44% of cases (4/9) displayed cyclical increasing and decreasing enhancement over a longer 7−15 year follow-up period. Mean duration of increasing enhancement prior to stability or decline was 12.3 months (SD 7.1). One case exhibited complete spontaneous resolution of enhancement. Fluctuation in morphology of enhancement was also observed in 44% of cases (4/9).
Conclusions
This is the first study to describe spontaneous fluctuation of enhancement in pilocytic astrocytoma and other circumscribed low-grade brain tumors in an adult population. Awareness of this phenomenon is crucial to prevent misinterpretation of enhancement changes as evidence of tumor progression or regression in clinically stable patients, circumventing unnecessary treatment changes and interventions.
{"title":"Spontaneous contrast enhancement fluctuation in adult pilocytic astrocytoma","authors":"S.R.K. Ong , T.J. Rohringer , A.F. Gao , A.E. Para , S. Hiremath , P. Alcaide-Leon","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Follow-up imaging is crucial in managing primary brain tumors, with changes in contrast enhancement often used as a marker of tumor activity. However, fluctuations of enhancement independent of tumor progression have been described in low grade tumors in the paediatric population. This study aims to characterize the phenomenon of spontaneous contrast enhancement fluctuations in pilocytic astrocytoma and other low-grade primary brain tumors in the adult population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review of our MRI database (2011–2021) identified cases of pilocytic astrocytomas, pilomyxoid astrocytoma and rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors with stable tumor size with enhancement changes in clinically stable adult patients off medical treatment. After excluding those without serial MRIs, we reviewed the MRIs and clinical records of 238 patients. Number of cases with enhancement fluctuations, mean duration of increasing enhancement prior to stability or decline and number of fluctuation cycles were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 9 adult patients, 6 pilocytic astrocytomas, 1 pilomyxoid astrocytoma and 2 rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors. Four of these were unresected (44%), while five were residual or recurrent tumors (56%). Despite stable tumor size and clinical status, a variety of enhancement patterns over time were observed: 44% of cases (4/9) demonstrated new or increasing enhancement on follow-up, with subsequent regression of enhancement over a 1−4 year follow-up period. An additional 44% of cases (4/9) displayed cyclical increasing and decreasing enhancement over a longer 7−15 year follow-up period. Mean duration of increasing enhancement prior to stability or decline was 12.3 months (SD 7.1). One case exhibited complete spontaneous resolution of enhancement. Fluctuation in morphology of enhancement was also observed in 44% of cases (4/9).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first study to describe spontaneous fluctuation of enhancement in pilocytic astrocytoma and other circumscribed low-grade brain tumors in an adult population. Awareness of this phenomenon is crucial to prevent misinterpretation of enhancement changes as evidence of tumor progression or regression in clinically stable patients, circumventing unnecessary treatment changes and interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"68 1","pages":"Article 101658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501738
D. Castanedo Vázquez , E. Marco de Lucas
{"title":"Training Diagnostic Radiology specialists: The disconnect between the Spanish MIR curriculum and the demands of daily practice","authors":"D. Castanedo Vázquez , E. Marco de Lucas","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"68 1","pages":"Article 501738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501731
C. Lozano , M. Cufí , M. Sutil , M. Andreu , E. Guillaumet , L. Guillamon
Myocarditis presents with a wide range of symptoms, including chest pain that mimics acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and conduction disturbances. It is typically caused by viral infections, although pharmacological and autoimmune causes are also common, with bacterial myocarditis being rare. Myocarditis is a rare complication of acute prostatitis. Likewise, acute prostatitis can be a complication of water vapour thermal therapy, a relatively new treatment increasingly used for benign prostatic hyperplasia. We present two cases of acute myocarditis following acute prostatitis, both with a recent history of water vapour thermal therapy.
{"title":"Acute myocarditis secondary to prostatitis following water vapour thermal therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: Presentation of two cases","authors":"C. Lozano , M. Cufí , M. Sutil , M. Andreu , E. Guillaumet , L. Guillamon","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myocarditis presents with a wide range of symptoms, including chest pain that mimics acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and conduction disturbances. It is typically caused by viral infections, although pharmacological and autoimmune causes are also common, with bacterial myocarditis being rare. Myocarditis is a rare complication of acute prostatitis. Likewise, acute prostatitis can be a complication of water vapour thermal therapy, a relatively new treatment increasingly used for benign prostatic hyperplasia. We present two cases of acute myocarditis following acute prostatitis, both with a recent history of water vapour thermal therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"68 1","pages":"Article 501731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101651
A. Navarro Ballester , J.A. Merino Bonilla , L.H. Ros Mendoza , R. Álvaro Ballester , S.F. Marco Doménech
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred significant research into artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare. This study analyzes the intellectual structure and knowledge flow in COVID-19 and AI research through descriptive citation and bibliographic coupling analysis.
Purpose
This study aims to explore the current research landscape on AI in the context of COVID-19, identify the most influential publications, and outline the conceptual framework of this research area.
Material and methods
Using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, documents were collected with keywords such as “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “coronavirus,” “artificial intelligence” and “deep learning.” After merging results and removing duplicates, the final sample included 8057 documents. The top 1000 most cited papers were selected for descriptive citation analysis, while the entire sample was used for bibliographic coupling analysis. Data analysis and visualization were conducted using R Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.
Results
The descriptive analysis revealed that original research papers were predominant (85.21%), with a substantial increase in publications on COVID-19 and AI since the pandemic began. China and the United States led in publication volume, with notable international collaborations. Network analysis identified research clusters such as AI-driven diagnostics and healthcare resource optimization. The bibliographic coupling analysis highlighted influential research themes, mainly focusing on diagnostic imaging and AI algorithms.
Conclusion
AI has played a crucial role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis, especially in diagnostics and healthcare optimization. The bibliometric analysis provides insights into the research landscape, emphasizing AI's multifactorial contributions and suggesting areas for future research.
2019冠状病毒病大流行引发了对人工智能（AI）在医疗保健领域应用的重大研究。本研究通过描述性引文和书目耦合分析，分析了COVID-19和人工智能研究中的知识结构和知识流。本研究旨在探索当前新冠肺炎背景下人工智能的研究现状，确定最具影响力的出版物，并概述该研究领域的概念框架。材料与方法利用Web of Science （WoS）和Scopus数据库，以“COVID-19”、“SARS-CoV-2”、“冠状病毒”、“人工智能”和“深度学习”等关键词收集文献。合并结果并删除重复项后，最终示例包括8057个文档。选取被引频次最高的前1000篇论文进行描述性引文分析，整个样本进行书目耦合分析。使用R Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny和VOSviewer进行数据分析和可视化。结果描述性分析显示，以原创研究论文为主（85.21%），自疫情开始以来，关于COVID-19和AI的论文数量大幅增加。中国和美国的出版物数量领先，国际合作显著。网络分析确定了研究集群，如人工智能驱动的诊断和医疗保健资源优化。文献耦合分析突出了有影响力的研究主题，主要集中在诊断成像和人工智能算法上。结论人工智能在应对COVID-19危机中发挥了至关重要的作用，特别是在诊断和医疗优化方面。文献计量分析提供了对研究前景的见解，强调了人工智能的多因素贡献，并提出了未来研究的领域。
{"title":"Radiology as a pillar in AI-based COVID-19 research: Insights from a diverse bibliometric analysis","authors":"A. Navarro Ballester , J.A. Merino Bonilla , L.H. Ros Mendoza , R. Álvaro Ballester , S.F. Marco Doménech","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred significant research into artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare. This study analyzes the intellectual structure and knowledge flow in COVID-19 and AI research through descriptive citation and bibliographic coupling analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to explore the current research landscape on AI in the context of COVID-19, identify the most influential publications, and outline the conceptual framework of this research area.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, documents were collected with keywords such as “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “coronavirus,” “artificial intelligence” and “deep learning.” After merging results and removing duplicates, the final sample included 8057 documents. The top 1000 most cited papers were selected for descriptive citation analysis, while the entire sample was used for bibliographic coupling analysis. Data analysis and visualization were conducted using R Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The descriptive analysis revealed that original research papers were predominant (85.21%), with a substantial increase in publications on COVID-19 and AI since the pandemic began. China and the United States led in publication volume, with notable international collaborations. Network analysis identified research clusters such as AI-driven diagnostics and healthcare resource optimization. The bibliographic coupling analysis highlighted influential research themes, mainly focusing on diagnostic imaging and AI algorithms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AI has played a crucial role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis, especially in diagnostics and healthcare optimization. The bibliometric analysis provides insights into the research landscape, emphasizing AI's multifactorial contributions and suggesting areas for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"68 1","pages":"Article 101651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101653
A.C. Igual Rouilleault , I. Soriano Aguadero , C. Sitges Puigvila , P.L. Quan López , A. Elizalde Pérez , L. Pina
Objectives
To describe the ultrasound characteristics of axillary lymph nodes in healthy individuals and analyse how these characteristics vary with age.
Methods
Between February and April 2021, we enrolled a total of 91 healthcare professionals from our centre with no relevant medical history. All participants underwent an axillary ultrasound before participating in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. The following parameters were recorded: total number of visible lymph nodes, maximum longitudinal diameter and cortical thickness, Bedi classification, and signal intensity on colour Doppler evaluation. We compared the data collected between two age groups [young (<45 years) vs middle-aged (≥45 years)] using the Student’s t-test for continuous quantitative variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
An average of 2.96 lymph nodes was observed, with mean maximum longitudinal diameter and cortical thickness of 15.8 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Regarding the Bedi classification and colour Doppler scale, types 2 and 1 were the most common. A comparative analysis between the two age groups showed significantly higher values for cortical thickness, Bedi classification, and colour Doppler classification in the younger volunteers (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Our study highlights the radiological differences between lymph nodes in young and middle-aged volunteers under baseline conditions, emphasizing the importance of careful assessments of borderline-appearing nodes in older patients, especially in oncological contexts.
{"title":"Ultrasound imaging of the normal axilla: Anatomical characteristics of lymph nodes and age-related variations","authors":"A.C. Igual Rouilleault , I. Soriano Aguadero , C. Sitges Puigvila , P.L. Quan López , A. Elizalde Pérez , L. Pina","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the ultrasound characteristics of axillary lymph nodes in healthy individuals and analyse how these characteristics vary with age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between February and April 2021, we enrolled a total of 91 healthcare professionals from our centre with no relevant medical history. All participants underwent an axillary ultrasound before participating in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. The following parameters were recorded: total number of visible lymph nodes, maximum longitudinal diameter and cortical thickness, Bedi classification, and signal intensity on colour Doppler evaluation. We compared the data collected between two age groups [young (<45 years) vs middle-aged (≥45 years)] using the Student’s <em>t</em>-test for continuous quantitative variables and the Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test for ordinal variables. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An average of 2.96 lymph nodes was observed, with mean maximum longitudinal diameter and cortical thickness of 15.8 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Regarding the Bedi classification and colour Doppler scale, types 2 and 1 were the most common. A comparative analysis between the two age groups showed significantly higher values for cortical thickness, Bedi classification, and colour Doppler classification in the younger volunteers (<em>p</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study highlights the radiological differences between lymph nodes in young and middle-aged volunteers under baseline conditions, emphasizing the importance of careful assessments of borderline-appearing nodes in older patients, especially in oncological contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"68 1","pages":"Article 101653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101568
A. Berbel Rodríguez , A. García-Baizán , S. Frade-Santos , A. Robles Gómez , P.N. Franco , M. Otero-García
Mucin-producing cystic hepatobiliary neoplasms are rare neoplasms which include mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct.
Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver are characterised by the presence of ovarian-like stroma, and are usually benign. They present as large, multiloculated, cystic masses without biliary communication and are more common among middle-aged women.
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct are premalignant lesions originating in the bile duct and presenting with biliary communication. There are 3 growth patterns: cystic, duct-ectatic and mass-forming. They tend to appear between the ages of 50 and 70, with no gender predilection. There is a high probability of malignancy, so segment-oriented hepatic resection is the treatment of choice.
Both entities have overlapping and distinctive features, and it is important for the radiologist to be aware of these and be able to distinguish between them, as they have different prognoses and require different management approaches.
{"title":"Mucin-producing cystic hepatobiliary neoplasms: Key diagnostic information for radiologists","authors":"A. Berbel Rodríguez , A. García-Baizán , S. Frade-Santos , A. Robles Gómez , P.N. Franco , M. Otero-García","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mucin-producing cystic hepatobiliary neoplasms are rare neoplasms which include mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct.</div><div>Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver are characterised by the presence of ovarian-like stroma, and are usually benign. They present as large, multiloculated, cystic masses without biliary communication and are more common among middle-aged women.</div><div>Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct are premalignant lesions originating in the bile duct and presenting with biliary communication. There are 3 growth patterns: cystic, duct-ectatic and mass-forming. They tend to appear between the ages of 50 and 70, with no gender predilection. There is a high probability of malignancy, so segment-oriented hepatic resection is the treatment of choice.</div><div>Both entities have overlapping and distinctive features, and it is important for the radiologist to be aware of these and be able to distinguish between them, as they have different prognoses and require different management approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 6","pages":"Article 101568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501695
J. Llorente Peris , J. Miranda Bautista , P. Menéndez Fernández-Miranda
Botulinum toxin (BT) is a neurotoxin that causes flaccid paralysis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, and it may lead to long-term muscle atrophy. It is used to treat conditions associated with muscle hypertrophy or to enhance muscle flexibility, thereby facilitating surgical procedures. It has been shown that ultrasound-guided administration is superior to the anatomical landmarks technique as it reduces side effects and improves efficacy. Although some applications are not officially approved, evidence supports its efficacy and safety in the treatment of various conditions. Some of these more established conditions include anterior abdominal wall hernias, piriformis syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, bruxism, spasticity and cervical dystonia. The objective of this study is to review the uses of botulinum toxin in muscular and neuromuscular disorders, analysing its efficacy, safety and the importance of ultrasound guidance in its administration.
{"title":"Uses and technique of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin infiltration","authors":"J. Llorente Peris , J. Miranda Bautista , P. Menéndez Fernández-Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.501695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Botulinum toxin (BT) is a neurotoxin that causes flaccid paralysis by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, and it may lead to long-term muscle atrophy. It is used to treat conditions associated with muscle hypertrophy or to enhance muscle flexibility, thereby facilitating surgical procedures. It has been shown that ultrasound-guided administration is superior to the anatomical landmarks technique as it reduces side effects and improves efficacy. Although some applications are not officially approved, evidence supports its efficacy and safety in the treatment of various conditions. Some of these more established conditions include anterior abdominal wall hernias, piriformis syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, bruxism, spasticity and cervical dystonia. The objective of this study is to review the uses of botulinum toxin in muscular and neuromuscular disorders, analysing its efficacy, safety and the importance of ultrasound guidance in its administration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 6","pages":"Article 501695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101633
A. González-Huete , S. Ventura-Díaz , A. Olavarría Delgado , R. Romera Sánchez , A. Palomera Rico , J. Cobos Alonso , J. Urbano
Objectives
To assess the impact of radiologist experience on the technical success, safety and effectiveness of CT-guided thermal ablation (TA) procedures for abdominal tumors, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs), and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), when assisted by an electromagnetic navigation system (EMNS).
Material and methods
We retrospectively collected data for patients who had undergone CT-guided TA between 2020 and 2022, recording the characteristics of the lesions. Lesions were considered high-risk if they were located in the subphrenic or subcapsular areas of the liver or less than 1 cm from the bowel, bile duct, portal vein, vena cava or gallbladder and those located in the kidney in the anterior leaflet or close to the urinary tract. The radiologists who performed the procedures were classified according to whether they had more or less experience (more or less than five years of experience in percutaneous TA). Technical success was assessed immediately after treatment. Procedure data, response and complication rates were recorded.
Results
A total of 139 tumors were treated in 105 ablation sessions in 93 patients, consisting of 69 men and 24 women. Sixty-two percent of the tumors were HCCs, 27% were CRLMs, and 12% were RCCs. The median tumor size was 16 mm. A total of 68% of the tumors were located in high-risk areas. The technical success rate was 96.4%, with minor complications occurring in 20% of the procedures and major complications in 3.8%. The median follow-up was 12 months. The complete response rates were 96.6%, 93.1%, and 86.2% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in response at one month (p = 0.706) or one year (p = 0.402), complications (p = 0.583), procedure time (p = 0.729), or the number of follow-up CT scans (p = 0.208) between more and less experienced radiologists.
Conclusion
An EMNS enhances accuracy and standardisation in interventional procedures, enabling precise ablations, regardless of the radiologist's experience or location involved.
{"title":"Electromagnetic navigation system for CT-guided percutaneous abdominal tumour ablation: Safety and effectiveness","authors":"A. González-Huete , S. Ventura-Díaz , A. Olavarría Delgado , R. Romera Sánchez , A. Palomera Rico , J. Cobos Alonso , J. Urbano","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.101633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the impact of radiologist experience on the technical success, safety and effectiveness of CT-guided thermal ablation (TA) procedures for abdominal tumors, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs), and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), when assisted by an electromagnetic navigation system (EMNS).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>We retrospectively collected data for patients who had undergone CT-guided TA between 2020 and 2022, recording the characteristics of the lesions. Lesions were considered high-risk if they were located in the subphrenic or subcapsular areas of the liver or less than 1 cm from the bowel, bile duct, portal vein, vena cava or gallbladder and those located in the kidney in the anterior leaflet or close to the urinary tract. The radiologists who performed the procedures were classified according to whether they had more or less experience (more or less than five years of experience in percutaneous TA). Technical success was assessed immediately after treatment. Procedure data, response and complication rates were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 139 tumors were treated in 105 ablation sessions in 93 patients, consisting of 69 men and 24 women. Sixty-two percent of the tumors were HCCs, 27% were CRLMs, and 12% were RCCs. The median tumor size was 16 mm. A total of 68% of the tumors were located in high-risk areas. The technical success rate was 96.4%, with minor complications occurring in 20% of the procedures and major complications in 3.8%. The median follow-up was 12 months. The complete response rates were 96.6%, 93.1%, and 86.2% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in response at one month (<em>p</em> = 0.706) or one year (<em>p</em> = 0.402), complications (<em>p</em> = 0.583), procedure time (<em>p</em> = 0.729), or the number of follow-up CT scans (<em>p</em> = 0.208) between more and less experienced radiologists.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An EMNS enhances accuracy and standardisation in interventional procedures, enabling precise ablations, regardless of the radiologist's experience or location involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 6","pages":"Article 101633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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