Radiologia最新文献

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Analysis and technical aspects of image-related questions in the exam for Medical Internal Residence in Spain, 2022 2022 年西班牙内科住院医师考试图像相关问题的分析和技术方面

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.06.010

E. Murias Quintana , S.M. Costilla García , J.J. Curbelo García , J. Calvo Blanco , J. Vega Villar , J. Baladrón Romero

The examination for the Medical Intern Resident (MIR) is a multiple-choice test aimed at ranking candidates for specialized medical training positions in Spain. The objective of this study is to provide an objective analysis of this test in its 2022 edition as an evaluative tool for discrimination, with a particular focus on the field of radiology and nuclear medicine. The clinical cases associated with radiology images or nuclear medicine pose greater difficulty compared to the rest of the MIR exam questions. Out of the 14 questions related to radiological or nuclear medicine images, six of them exhibit high difficulty, and only 5 out of the 14 questions demonstrate good or excellent discriminatory capacity. While the MIR exam proves to be an excellent discriminatory tool in psychometric terms, the image-related questions show a significant potential for improvement. In order for the image-associated question to exhibit appropriate discrimination, it is essential to minimize irrelevant information, ensure that it complements the clinical information provided in the text without contradicting it, represent the characteristic imaging finding of the disease, utilize the appropriate imaging modality, maintain a moderate difficulty level for the questions, and ensure that the distractors are clearly false.

实习医生（MIR）考试是一项多选题考试，旨在对西班牙专业医疗培训职位的候选人进行排名。本研究的目的是对 2022 年版的这一考试进行客观分析，将其作为区别对待的评价工具，尤其侧重于放射学和核医学领域。与 MIR 考试的其他试题相比，与放射学图像或核医学相关的临床案例难度更大。在 14 道与放射学或核医学图像相关的试题中，有 6 道试题的难度较高，14 道试题中只有 5 道试题表现出良好或出色的辨别能力。虽然从心理测量学的角度来看，MIR 考试被证明是一种极佳的判别工具，但与图像相关的问题却显示出很大的改进潜力。为了使图像相关问题表现出适当的辨别能力，必须尽量减少无关信息，确保这些信息与文本中提供的临床信息互为补充而不相互矛盾，代表疾病的特征性成像发现，使用适当的成像模式，保持问题的中等难度，并确保干扰项明显是错误的。

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引用次数: 0

Calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle: From ignorance to misdiagnosis 副长肌钙化性腱鞘炎：从无知到误诊

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.010

S. Durán Lojo , J. Martel Villagrán

引用次数: 0

Updating the rules for Scientific Letters and Brief Reports 更新科学信函和简要报告规则

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.07.001

E. Serrano

引用次数: 0

Usefulness of the superior orbitomeatal line without the lens included in the scan range at different tube voltage during pediatric head CT 在小儿头部 CT 扫描过程中，不同导管电压下扫描范围内不包括透镜的上眶线的实用性

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.05.003

Introduction and objectives

To compare the real time skin dosimeter values at lens between with the lens included in the scan range (orbitomeatal base line [OML]) or without the lens included in the scan range (superior orbitomeatal line [SOML]) at different tube voltages.

Materials and methods

We used three pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms with a 64 detector-row computed tomography (CT) scanner with the OML- or SOML-protocol at different tube voltages during the head CT. A real time skin dosimeter was inserted into the phantom center of the head, and surfaces of the lens. We compared the real time skin dosimeter values at lens between the OML- and SOML-protocol.

Results

There were no significant differences in the real time skin dosimeter values for the head in the scan area for each phantom at different tube voltages between the OML- and SOML-protocol (p > 0.05 for all phantom). Compared with the OML protocol, it is possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at lens by approximately 80% by using the SOML protocol (p < 0.05) at all tube voltages. Compared with the OML protocol, it is possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at mammary gland by approximately 20% by using the SOML protocol (p < 0.05) at all tube voltages.

Conclusions

During the pediatric head CT examination, SOML protocol was possible to reduce the real time skin dosimeter values at lens by approximately 80% compared with OML protocol at all tube voltages.

材料和方法我们使用三个小儿拟人化模型，在头部 CT 扫描过程中使用 64 个探测器排的计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描仪，在不同管电压下采用 OML 或 SOML 方案。将实时皮肤剂量计插入模型的头部中心和透镜表面。我们比较了 OML 方案和 SOML 方案下透镜处的实时皮肤剂量计值。结果 OML 方案和 SOML 方案下，不同管电压下每个模型扫描区域的头部实时皮肤剂量计值没有显著差异（所有模型的 p 均为 0.05）。与 OML 方案相比，使用 SOML 方案（p <0.05），在所有试管电压下，透镜处的皮肤剂量计实时值可减少约 80%。与 OML 方案相比，在所有管电压下使用 SOML 方案（p < 0.05）可将乳腺处的实时皮肤剂量计值降低约 20%。结论在小儿头部 CT 检查中，与 OML 方案相比，在所有管电压下使用 SOML 方案可将透镜处的实时皮肤剂量计值降低约 80%。

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引用次数: 0

Debunking myths in radiology: ending pre-contrast fasting 揭开放射学的神秘面纱：结束造影前禁食

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.008

A. Moreno Pastor , E. Girela Baena

Radiology departments have traditionally observed fasting protocols for patients undergoing radiological studies with intravenous contrast. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these protocols.

This practice has potentially harmful consequences, such as interruptions to long-term medication, dehydration, hypoglycaemia, test delays or anxiety, and has no benefits in terms of study interpretation or patient safety.

Numerous studies now suggest the need to review these protocols, as reflected in the updated policies of our specialty's main societies, such as the ESUR (European Society of Urogenital Radiology) and the ACR (American College of Radiology).

In this article, we review the available scientific evidence on this topic, and present our centre's experience of eliminating fasting prior to contrast-enhanced imaging studies.

传统上，放射科在对患者进行静脉注射造影剂的放射检查时都会遵守禁食规定。这种做法可能会造成有害后果，如中断长期用药、脱水、低血糖、检查延迟或焦虑，而且对研究解释或患者安全没有任何益处。目前，大量研究表明有必要对这些方案进行审查，我们专业的主要学会，如欧洲泌尿生殖放射学会（ESUR）和美国放射学会（ACR）更新的政策也反映了这一点。

引用次数: 0

European Diploma in Radiology (EDiR) clinical cases 欧洲放射学文凭（EDiR）临床病例

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.03.006

Editorial Board of Radiology

引用次数: 0

Contrast-enhanced mammography and preoperative magnetic seed placement in breast cancer patients for the detection of residual disease following neoadjuvant systemic therapy 乳腺癌患者术前使用对比增强乳腺X光造影术和磁性粒子植入术检测新辅助系统疗法后的残留疾病

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.04.001

A. Mariscal Martínez , E. Iglesias Bravo , H. Peris Alvà , P. Rodríguez Martínez , M. Luna Tomás , I. Pascual Miguel , P. Puyalto de Pablo

Purpose

Assess whether contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) enables an evaluation of the residual size of breast tumours following neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) in patients initially marked with magnetic seed.

Materials and methods

This single-centre prospective study was performed between March 2022 and April 2023 with patients with invasive breast carcinoma and lesional marking with magnetic seed. CEM was performed before and after NAST. The lesion size in CEM after NAST was compared to the pathological examination after surgery. Differences between sizes were evaluated and we determined the diagnostic capability indices.

Results

The breast lesions marked with magnetic seed were successfully localised in the preoperative stage for the 42 patients included in the study and selective surgical excision was also achieved in all cases. Tumour diameter after NAST was determined by comparing enhancement on combined CEM images from before and after NAST. The mean diameter was 13.6 mm while post-surgical pathological examination determined the mean diameter to be 12.9 mm. There were therefore no statistically significant differences between the measurements.

Conclusions

There is a positive correlation and similarity between CEM and pathological examination with regards to the detection of residual disease after NAST, with high specificity and PPV.

目的评估对比增强乳腺 X 光造影术（CEM）能否评估最初使用磁性种子标记的患者在接受新辅助系统治疗（NAST）后乳腺肿瘤的残留大小。材料与方法这项单中心前瞻性研究于 2022 年 3 月至 2023 年 4 月间进行，研究对象为浸润性乳腺癌患者和使用磁性种子标记病灶的患者。在NAST前后均进行了CEM检查。将NAST后CEM中的病灶大小与手术后的病理检查结果进行比较。我们评估了不同大小病灶之间的差异，并确定了诊断能力指数。结果42名参与研究的患者在术前阶段均成功定位了磁性种子标记的乳腺病灶，所有病例均实现了选择性手术切除。通过比较磁种标记前后的联合 CEM 图像的增强情况，确定了磁种标记后的肿瘤直径。平均直径为 13.6 毫米，而手术后病理检查确定的平均直径为 12.9 毫米。结论CEM和病理检查在检测NAST术后残留疾病方面具有正相关性和相似性，特异性和PPV都很高。

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引用次数: 0

Coaching in a Radiology department 放射科教练

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.01.014

A. García Bolado , D. Castanedo Vázquez

Coaching is an effective tool that seeks personal reflection as a way for people to find their own solutions. In this article we show our results when applying it in our Radiology Service. The article includes a bibliographic review on its potential applications in Medicine and in Radiology. We specifically reviewed the fields of improving self-care and preventing burnout as well as the teaching field, both for residents in training and for certified radiologists.

教练是一种有效的工具，它寻求个人反思，让人们找到自己的解决方案。在本文中，我们展示了将其应用于放射科服务的成果。文章还对其在医学和放射学中的潜在应用进行了文献综述。我们特别回顾了改善自我保健和预防职业倦怠的领域，以及针对住院医师培训和注册放射医师的教学领域。

引用次数: 0

Persistent left superior vena cava: clinical and radiological significance 持续存在的左上腔静脉：临床和放射学意义

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.007

T. Cobo Ruiz, M.E. Peña Gómez

引用次数: 0

To our reviewers 致我们的评论员

Radiologia

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.05.001

C. García-Villar

引用次数: 0

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