Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.12.001
D. Herrán de la Gala , C. Cantolla Nates , M. Moris , R. Pellón Daben , J. Crespo del Pozo , F.J. González Sánchez , S. Sánchez Bernal
Gastric and duodenal ulcers (GDUs) are decreasing both in frequency and rate of mortality. However, GDUs with complications continue to have higher mortality rates and are seldom suspected in patients presenting with acute abdomen. Although upper endoscopy plays a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of GDUs, CT is crucial when serious complications appear, namely uncontrolled acute haemorrhage, perforation, organ penetration, or gastric obstruction. Radiologists have a special role to play in these situations, providing the diagnosis and extent of complications, thus contributing to decision making which can range from conservative management to endoscopic, surgical or interventional radiology procedures. The aim of our study is to describe the CT indications and protocols for patients with a suspected GDU with complications and present the main imaging findings for the different types of complications, while providing differential diagnoses.
{"title":"CT assessment of complications from gastric or duodenal ulcers","authors":"D. Herrán de la Gala , C. Cantolla Nates , M. Moris , R. Pellón Daben , J. Crespo del Pozo , F.J. González Sánchez , S. Sánchez Bernal","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastric and duodenal ulcers (GDUs) are decreasing both in frequency and rate of mortality. However, GDUs with complications continue to have higher mortality rates and are seldom suspected in patients presenting with acute abdomen. Although upper endoscopy plays a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of GDUs, CT is crucial when serious complications appear, namely uncontrolled acute haemorrhage, perforation, organ penetration, or gastric obstruction. Radiologists have a special role to play in these situations, providing the diagnosis and extent of complications, thus contributing to decision making which can range from conservative management to endoscopic, surgical or interventional radiology procedures. The aim of our study is to describe the CT indications and protocols for patients with a suspected GDU with complications and present the main imaging findings for the different types of complications, while providing differential diagnoses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 343-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.04.001
E. Perdiguero Gil, B. Echániz Martínez, E. Bueno Vergara
This article highlights the role of radiologist Eduardo Amorós Martí (1888–1936) in the use of radioactivity for cancer treatment in Spain during the first third of the 20th century. Following the discovery of radium by the Curies in 1898, Amorós became interested in radiology and established his practice in Alicante. He acquired X-ray and radium equipment, contributing to the development of radiation therapy. He directed the Cancer Pavilion at the Provincial Hospital of Alicante, where he promoted the application of radiation in cancer treatment. Like other historical figures associated with radioactivity, his prolonged exposure deteriorated his health, leading to his premature death in 1936.
{"title":"Eduardo Amorós Martí: Radiology and the fight against cancer in the early decades of the 20th century","authors":"E. Perdiguero Gil, B. Echániz Martínez, E. Bueno Vergara","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article highlights the role of radiologist Eduardo Amorós Martí (1888–1936) in the use of radioactivity for cancer treatment in Spain during the first third of the 20th century. Following the discovery of radium by the Curies in 1898, Amorós became interested in radiology and established his practice in Alicante. He acquired X-ray and radium equipment, contributing to the development of radiation therapy. He directed the Cancer Pavilion at the Provincial Hospital of Alicante, where he promoted the application of radiation in cancer treatment. Like other historical figures associated with radioactivity, his prolonged exposure deteriorated his health, leading to his premature death in 1936.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 365-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.12.001
A. Pérez Lara , E. Arana , A. Bello Báez , D. de Araujo Martins-Romeo
Malignant spinal cord compression is a serious complication secondary to both primary and metastatic vertebral tumours, potentially leading to permanent loss of spinal functions. The Spanish Society of Neuroradiology (SENR), Spanish Society of Emergency Radiology (SERAU), and Spanish Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (SERME) have convened to draft this consensus document, which describes practical aspects of the radiological management of malignant spinal cord compression. The document includes guidelines on appropriate indications for imaging studies, imaging modality options, technical specifications tailored to different clinical scenarios, recommended time intervals, and the type of facility where the imaging studies can be performed. Additionally, it provides recommendations on using spinal cord compression and instability scales, as well as structured reports for describing the radiological findings.
{"title":"Radiological diagnosis of malignant spinal cord compression syndrome: Consensus document from SENR, SERAU, SERME, SERAM","authors":"A. Pérez Lara , E. Arana , A. Bello Báez , D. de Araujo Martins-Romeo","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malignant spinal cord compression is a serious complication secondary to both primary and metastatic vertebral tumours, potentially leading to permanent loss of spinal functions. The Spanish Society of Neuroradiology (SENR), Spanish Society of Emergency Radiology (SERAU), and Spanish Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (SERME) have convened to draft this consensus document, which describes practical aspects of the radiological management of malignant spinal cord compression. The document includes guidelines on appropriate indications for imaging studies, imaging modality options, technical specifications tailored to different clinical scenarios, recommended time intervals, and the type of facility where the imaging studies can be performed. Additionally, it provides recommendations on using spinal cord compression and instability scales, as well as structured reports for describing the radiological findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 384-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.006
J. Azcona Sáenz , C.V. Martinez Stocker , E.N. Arenas Rivera , S. Marsico , E. Arizaga Batiz , R. Alcantara Souza
Male nipple discharge is uncommon and highly associated with malignancy. However, it can also be due to benign processes. In addition to physical examination, all patients should undergo a radiological examination with mammography and/or ultrasound. Furthermore, we propose the use of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in cases of suspicious nipple discharge due to the high negative predictive value of this technique, potentially reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies. The aim of this article is to review the imaging findings of the most common causes of male nipple discharge, both benign and malignant. Additionally, we would like to share our experience with the use of CEM in studying this condition.
{"title":"A radiological review of male nipple discharge","authors":"J. Azcona Sáenz , C.V. Martinez Stocker , E.N. Arenas Rivera , S. Marsico , E. Arizaga Batiz , R. Alcantara Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Male nipple discharge<span> is uncommon and highly associated with malignancy. However, it can also be due to benign processes. In addition to physical examination, all patients should undergo a </span></span>radiological examination<span> with mammography and/or ultrasound. Furthermore, we propose the use of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in cases of suspicious nipple discharge due to the high negative predictive value of this technique, potentially reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies. The aim of this article is to review the imaging findings of the most common causes of male nipple discharge, both benign and malignant. Additionally, we would like to share our experience with the use of CEM in studying this condition.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 319-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.05.009
A. Hilario, E. Salvador, Z.H. Chen, A. Cárdenas, J. Romero, A. Ramos
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young patients. The Marshall classification predicts six-month mortality and divides severe TBI patients into six groups based on CT findings in the acute phase of trauma. MRI also has prognostic value because it detects 30% more traumatic lesions, especially brainstem injury and diffuse axonal injury. Diffuse axonal injury occurs in three different anatomical areas, graded according to severity, and the greater the trauma, the deeper the brain involvement extends. Traumatic brainstem injuries with the worst prognosis are those of posterior location, with bilateral or haemorrhagic involvement. This article analyses the prognostic value of CT and MRI in the assessment of severe TBI and describes the main intracranial traumatic injuries.
{"title":"Imaging findings for severe traumatic brain injury","authors":"A. Hilario, E. Salvador, Z.H. Chen, A. Cárdenas, J. Romero, A. Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young patients. The Marshall classification predicts six-month mortality and divides severe TBI patients into six groups based on CT findings in the acute phase of trauma. MRI also has prognostic value because it detects 30% more traumatic lesions, especially brainstem injury and diffuse axonal injury. Diffuse axonal injury occurs in three different anatomical areas, graded according to severity, and the greater the trauma, the deeper the brain involvement extends. Traumatic brainstem injuries with the worst prognosis are those of posterior location, with bilateral or haemorrhagic involvement. This article analyses the prognostic value of CT and MRI in the assessment of severe TBI and describes the main intracranial traumatic injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 331-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.01.005
M. Arraiza , E. Chacón , A. Ezponda , D. Cano , J.Á. Mínguez , A. Benito , J.L. Alcázar
Introduction
Despite the overall high accuracy of the O-RADS MRI scoring system for characterization of indeterminate adnexal lesions, a non-negligible percentage of adnexal lesions remains indeterminate. Given this, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the value of adding quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) MRI to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the scoring system in a cohort of indeterminate adnexal lesions according to International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group Simple Rules (IOTA-SR).
Methods and material
Seventy-nine women with 81 pelvic lesions classified as indeterminate according to IOTA-SR underwent 3-Tesla MRI with a conventional multiparametric protocol. DWI was quantitatively analyzed. Lesions were surgically removed or followed-up, according to a local protocol. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were determined for conventional multiparametric MRI and quantitative DWI-derived data.
Results
Twenty masses in 72 patients (27.8%) were malignant. An apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cut-off value of 1.30 × 10–3 mm2/s had 89% sensitivity and 80% specificity for malignancy. Overall, adding quantitative DWI to O-RADS MRI increased the specificity (98.08%, P < .001), positive predictive value (94.12%, P < .001), and accuracy (93.06%, P = .05). In the specific O-RADS MRI score 4 subgroup, an ADC cut-off value of 1.22 × 10–3 mm2/s had 86% sensitivity and 67% specificity for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.
Conclusion
In IOTA-SR indeterminate adnexal lesions, quantitative DWI significantly improves the diagnostic performance of conventional multiparametric MRI in all O-RADS MRI score groups.
{"title":"Quantitative diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) improves the diagnostic accuracy of the O-RADS MRI scoring system in indeterminate adnexal lesions","authors":"M. Arraiza , E. Chacón , A. Ezponda , D. Cano , J.Á. Mínguez , A. Benito , J.L. Alcázar","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Despite the overall high accuracy of the O-RADS MRI scoring system for characterization of indeterminate adnexal lesions, a non-negligible percentage of adnexal lesions remains indeterminate. Given this, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the value of adding quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) MRI to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the scoring system in a cohort of indeterminate adnexal lesions according to International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group Simple Rules (IOTA-SR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods and material</h3><div>Seventy-nine women with 81 pelvic lesions classified as indeterminate according to IOTA-SR underwent 3-Tesla MRI with a conventional multiparametric protocol. DWI was quantitatively analyzed. Lesions were surgically removed or followed-up, according to a local protocol. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were determined for conventional multiparametric MRI and quantitative DWI-derived data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty masses in 72 patients (27.8%) were malignant. An apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cut-off value of 1.30 × 10<sup>–3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s had 89% sensitivity and 80% specificity for malignancy. Overall, adding quantitative DWI to O-RADS MRI increased the specificity (98.08%, <em>P</em> < .001), positive predictive value (94.12%, <em>P</em> < .001), and accuracy (93.06%, <em>P</em> = .05). In the specific O-RADS MRI score 4 subgroup, an ADC cut-off value of 1.22 × 10<sup>–3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s had 86% sensitivity and 67% specificity for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In IOTA-SR indeterminate adnexal lesions, quantitative DWI significantly improves the diagnostic performance of conventional multiparametric MRI in all O-RADS MRI score groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 309-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.003
C. Moreno-Reina, M. Bueno-Gómez, J.I. Guitiérrez-Carrasco, P. Caro-Domínguez
Introduction
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most frequent malignant bone tumours in children. The aim of this study is to characterize clinical and radiological features at presentation of a large cohort of children with these diseases, radiological findings useful to differentiate them and the main prognostic factors.
Material and methods
Retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging findings of 83 children diagnosed and treated of Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma in a paediatric hospital during a period of 10 years.
Results
Both tumours showed aggressive radiological features such as permeative or moth-eaten margins, cortical disruption, discontinuous periosteal reaction, intense contrast uptake, tumoral necrosis and soft-tissue component. They differed in their location, osseous matrix and gender predilection. Osteosarcoma occurred more frequently in the metaphysis of long bones (62%) with a blastic appearance (53%). Ewing sarcoma showed a predilection for male patients (71%), occurred in flat bones (42%) and in the diaphysis of long bones (58%) with a lytic appearance (82%). 29% of children presented with primary metastasis, most frequently located in the lungs. Survival rates were 78% in OS and 76% in Ewing sarcoma. Metastatic disease, aggressive radiological features and low percentage of tumoral necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Imaging can confidently diagnose malignant paediatric bone tumours in children and may differentiate Ewing sarcoma from osteosarcoma, based on gender, location and appearance of the neoplasm. Metastatic disease, presence of aggressive radiological features and low percentage of tumoral necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with poor prognosis.
{"title":"Imaging features at the time of diagnosis of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma in children","authors":"C. Moreno-Reina, M. Bueno-Gómez, J.I. Guitiérrez-Carrasco, P. Caro-Domínguez","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><span><span>Osteosarcoma and </span>Ewing sarcoma are the most frequent malignant bone tumours in children. The aim of this study is to characterize clinical and radiological features at presentation of a large cohort of children with these diseases, </span>radiological findings<span> useful to differentiate them and the main prognostic factors.</span></div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging findings of 83 children diagnosed and treated of Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma in a paediatric hospital during a period of 10 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span><span>Both tumours showed aggressive radiological features such as permeative or moth-eaten margins, cortical disruption, discontinuous periosteal reaction, intense contrast uptake, tumoral necrosis and soft-tissue component. They differed in their location, osseous matrix and gender predilection. Osteosarcoma occurred more frequently in the metaphysis of long bones (62%) with a blastic appearance (53%). Ewing sarcoma showed a predilection for male patients (71%), occurred in flat bones (42%) and in the </span>diaphysis<span> of long bones (58%) with a lytic appearance (82%). 29% of children presented with primary metastasis<span>, most frequently located in the lungs. Survival rates were 78% in OS and 76% in Ewing sarcoma. Metastatic disease, aggressive radiological features and low percentage of tumoral necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with poor prognosis (</span></span></span><em>p</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Imaging can confidently diagnose malignant paediatric bone tumours in children and may differentiate Ewing sarcoma from osteosarcoma, based on gender, location and appearance of the neoplasm. Metastatic disease, presence of aggressive radiological features and low percentage of tumoral necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with poor prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.02.002
A. Ezponda
{"title":"The role of altmetrics in the scientific literature","authors":"A. Ezponda","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.05.008
G. Muller Bravo , J. Broncano Cabrero , N. Cobo Gómez , A. Luna Alcalá
Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast technique. It provides volumetric information for the cardiovascular system of interest through blood flow velocity mapping in three spatial dimensions throughout the cardiac cycle. The technological advances of MRI over the last two decades have facilitated its transition from the experimental environment into clinical practice, thereby enabling the non-invasive in vivo assessment of haemodynamics across various vascular territories of the human body. This article endeavours to elucidate its inception and fundamental technical principles, to delineate its main clinical indications—particularly in the cardiothoracic domain—, and to review its limitations and future directions. The ongoing evolution of this diagnostic modality continues to develop further understanding of the interplay between abnormal haemodynamics and cardiovascular pathologies, promising enhanced clinical value.
{"title":"Clinical applications of four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"G. Muller Bravo , J. Broncano Cabrero , N. Cobo Gómez , A. Luna Alcalá","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast technique. It provides volumetric information for the cardiovascular system of interest through blood flow velocity mapping in three spatial dimensions throughout the cardiac cycle. The technological advances of MRI over the last two decades have facilitated its transition from the experimental environment into clinical practice, thereby enabling the non-invasive in vivo assessment of haemodynamics across various vascular territories of the human body. This article endeavours to elucidate its inception and fundamental technical principles, to delineate its main clinical indications—particularly in the cardiothoracic domain—, and to review its limitations and future directions. The ongoing evolution of this diagnostic modality continues to develop further understanding of the interplay between abnormal haemodynamics and cardiovascular pathologies, promising enhanced clinical value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 413-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.01.008
J.J. Ciampi-Dopazo , J.A. Guirola-Ortiz , P. Garcia-Flores
Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is a disease with high mortality, therefore early diagnosis and treatment is essential to save lives. In the absence of contraindications, patients with massive PE (high risk) should be treated immediately with full-dose intravenous systemic thrombolysis. The subset of patients for whom systemic thrombolysis is not successful and who continue to present with haemodynamic compromise or those with contraindications may be candidates for various catheter-directed or surgical therapies. The decision algorithm in intermediate-high/submassive risk patients is complex and must be employed by a multidisciplinary team and success may depend on the experience of the medical specialists involved.
{"title":"Current state of the interventional approach to acute pulmonary embolism","authors":"J.J. Ciampi-Dopazo , J.A. Guirola-Ortiz , P. Garcia-Flores","doi":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is a disease with high mortality, therefore early diagnosis and treatment is essential to save lives. In the absence of contraindications, patients with massive PE (high risk) should be treated immediately with full-dose intravenous systemic thrombolysis. The subset of patients for whom systemic thrombolysis is not successful and who continue to present with haemodynamic compromise or those with contraindications may be candidates for various catheter-directed or surgical therapies. The decision algorithm in intermediate-high/submassive risk patients is complex and must be employed by a multidisciplinary team and success may depend on the experience of the medical specialists involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94185,"journal":{"name":"Radiologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"Pages 370-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号