Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

The Donald Trump administration marks the end of responsible US hegemony, ushering in a foreign policy more focused on immediate national interests and reducing support for multilateral institutions such as the World Health Organization (WHO). This shift negatively impacts the WHO's ability to coordinate global responses to health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and to the growing threat of emerging and re-emerging diseases.

Yentl syndrome was coined in 1991 by Bernadine Healy, director of the National Institutes of Health, who described how cardiovascular research focused on symptoms in men, leading to erroneous clinical judgments in women. Within cardiogeriatrics, heart failure is one of the most common pathologies, generating significant consumption of healthcare resources. Therefore, providing the best scientific evidence for these patients should be a priority.

The First Conference on Women's Leadership in Public Health organized by the Association of Residents in Preventive Medicine and Public Health (ARES MPSP) was presented as a space for reflection and learning about the transformative role of feminist leadership in the healthcare field. Through presentations, debates, and collaborative activities, the importance of integrating a feminist perspective was highlighted, one that not only promotes gender equality but also addresses the power dynamics that perpetuate structural inequalities. Intersectionality was highlighted as a key approach to analyze and respond to the multiple forms of discrimination faced by historically underrepresented groups such as women and gender-diverse individuals, recognizing that inclusive leadership must be aware of these realities. The event also allowed for questioning the differences between female and feminist leadership, emphasizing the need to reclaim feminism as a tool for social transformation. These sessions called for strengthening intergenerational alliances and networks, as well as fostering transformative leadership capable of inspiring and mobilizing people towards a more equitable and just Public Health. The active participation of the speakers and attendees was fundamental in consolidating this space as a driving force for change and a reference for future initiatives in the Public Health sector.

Objective: It is estimated that more that 80% of world´s population live in areas at risk from at least one major vector-borne disease, being mosquitoes responsible for a significant disease burden. Given that biological control is a more natural option compared to other available interventions and that the use of fish is widespread, the aim of this review was to analyze the effectiveness of fish-based interventions to control mosquito-borne diseases.

Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, LILACS, WOS-Core Collection and CAB Abstracts for observational or experimental studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese up to December 2023. The outcome variables of interest were entomological and epidemiological indicators.

Results: Of the 2,227 references identified, seven articles were ultimately included. All studies measured the impact using entomological indicators, while only two also used epidemiological indicators. The interventions involved the release of fish into domestic water containers, rice fields, and excavations or wells linked to a canal construction. All studies observed a significant reduction in both entomological and epidemiological indicators. The larval reduction ranged between 80% and 100%, while the reduction in clinical cases reached 99.87%.

Conclusions: The release of fish leads to a meaningful reduction in both larval indicators and clinical cases. However, it is necessary to assess whether large-scale fish releases are feasible, sustainable, cost-effective, and sufficient to achieve vector control, as well as to consider the potential negative impact of their introduction into a given ecosystem.

Objective: The influenza epidemic of 1918 caused a great demographic impact that modified the decreasing mortality rate that had been occurring since the early twentieth century. The objective of this study was to analyze the morbidity and mortality figures that were reflected in the Spanish press as a result of the influenza epidemic.

Methods: A selection of Spanish press was made through the Digital Newspaper Library of the National Library of Spain, from January 1, 1918 to December 31, 1920. The term flu was then searched in the selected media, and those analysis units that referred to the demographic impact of the influenza epidemic were selected. Finally, a quantitative analysis was conducted based on the year of study and the newspaper analyzed.

Results: The newspapers analysed reported the number of people who became ill and died as a result of the influenza epidemic. A total of 3,601 copies were published, highlighting an increase during the second outbreak of the epidemic, with the newspaper ABC publishing the most information about mortality.

Conclusions: Information on demographic statistics regarding mortality rates are common in the press at that time. The increase in general mortality coincides with the development of the three outbreaks of the epidemic, being very important the increase registered during the second outbreak (October 1918). The delay in the implementation of Public Health measures may be one of the causes of the large demographic impact of the influenza epidemic.

Objective: In recent years, arboviruses have become increasingly important in Europe due to autochthonous outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging diseases such as chikungunya fever, dengue and Zika. These viruses represent a threat in temperate areas such as the Valencian Community (CV), where the presence of their vector, the Asian tiger mosquito, is widely distributed. The objective of this work was to report on the actions carried out within the CV Programme, in the management of declared cases of imported arboviruses from 2016 to 2021.

Methods: To this end, coordinated work procedures had been implemented between the Generalitat Valenciana and the University of Valencia in order to reduce the risk of autochthonous transmission through detection, surveillance and monitoring of the vector, as well as entomological surveys in the vicinity of the residence of infected citizens. The sample size consisted of forty-five imported cases, which had been analysed with the statistical software R version 3.3.

Results: The presence of established tiger mosquito populations had been corroborated in a total of 273 municipalities during the study period, increasing the number of affected localities by the end of 2021 to 464 out of the total of 542 in the VC. The response time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, the time elapsed from diagnosis to reporting to the corresponding Environmental Health Unit and the completion of the entomological survey had been evaluated.

Conclusions: Vector surveillance is essential. The time between the onset of the patient's symptoms and the diagnosis by health professionals must be reduced. The most numerous imported cases are those of dengue from Asia and Central America with 87.5% of hospitalizations.

Objective: Recording the relationship between oral health conditions, habits, access and use of health services, sociodemographic and labor conditions in informal workers, provides evidence to design and implement public policies. The aim of this paper was to describe the relationship between the perception of fair, poor or very poor oral health and working conditions, hygiene habits and oral health care in workers with subsistence jobs from Medellin (Colombia), 2016.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with primary source of information was carried out, taken by survey of 686 informal workers. Variables were: sociodemographic conditions; labor conditions; habits; comorbidities; and oral health care. Dependent variable was perception of fair, poor or very poor oral health. Exploratory relational and multivalent analyses were made.

Results: Workers aged 50 (±11) years, 57.6% men, and 44.5% reported regular, bad/very bad oral health. Associated with this perception were: being male (PR=1.26/CI=1.05;1.51); being between thirty and forty-four (PR=3.04/CI=1.36;6.81), and ≥45 years old (PR=2.65/CI=1.17;6.00); income ≤500,000 $ Col (PR=1.20/CI=1.00;1.43); ≤5 years of schooling (PR=1.22/CI=1.01;1.27) and >30 years in their work; having an emergency dental consultation (PR=1.66/CI=1.10;2.52); considering the care to be average (PR=1.68/CI=1.02;2.75), bad or very bad (PR=2.00/CI=1.00;3.99) attention; changing toothbrush ≥1 per year (PR=1.80/CI=1.18;2.74); having lost teeth (PR=1.78/CI=1.33;2.38); having prostheses (PR=1.23/CI=1.03;1.47); problems chewing (PR=2.16/CI=1.86;2.51); swallowing (PR=1.84/CI=1.54;2.21); speaking (PR=1.35/CI=1.02;1.78); and consuming hot or cold food (PR=1.22/CI=1.03;1.45).

Conclusions: The conditions associated with worse oral health perception, such as income, schooling, habits and access to and use of oral health services, could be improved by incorporating public policy strategies.

Objective: ICD-10 diagnostic codes could be useful for automated surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI). This study analyzed the validity of different SARI case definitions (CD) based on ICD-10 codes at hospital discharge in Catalonia, the Valencian Community, Galicia and the Basque Country between weeks 21/2021 and 39/2023.

Methods: Patients with respiratory system codes (J00 to J99, R06, U07) and with a laboratory test performed were included, with the gold standard being positivity to the corresponding pathogen. The validity of all possible combinations of ICD-10 codes was estimated, prioritizing the CDs according to the average sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). Validity was estimated by age groups, but expert criteria were used to seek the optimal CD, unique for each pathogen, balancing validity and simplicity.

Results: The CD selected for influenza for any age included the specific codes J09.X, J10.0, J10.1, J10.2, J10.8 and J11 (Se=95.4; Sp=99.7), and for SARS-CoV-2, codes U07.1 and J12.8 (Se=95.9; Sp=98.3). For RSV, validity was lower, with significant heterogeneity by age and inclusion of non-specific codes. The optimal CD included codes J06, J12.1, J13, J20.5, J21.0 and J45 (Se=63.9; Sp=88.4), recommending adding J98 for adults and when it is important to maximize Se (Se=88.9; Sp=65.3). The overall CD for the three viruses was consistent with the specific CDs.

Conclusions: The ICD-10 codes provides great validity in identifying influenza and SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizations, but shows poorer performance and greater age-group variability for RSV.