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Perceptions and Experiences of Adult Children of Parents and Carers with Alcohol-Related Problems in Botswana: The Coexistence of Resilience and Resemblance 博茨瓦纳有酗酒问题的父母和照顾者的成年子女的看法和经历:复原力与相似性的共存
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080396
Refilwe Precious Jeremiah, Odireleng Mildred Shehu, David Lackland Sam, Masego Katisi
This study explores the resilience and resemblance among children of parents with alcohol-related problems in Botswana. Alcohol misuse affects both users and their families, particularly children. Although children raised in an alcoholic environment often face long-term adversities, some become resilient adults while others present behaviours resembling those of their parents. This study used socio-ecological resilience theory to explore the perceptions and experiences of adult children of parents and carers with alcohol-related problems, as well as the pathways they use to navigate risks. We collected data from seven adult children in a village in Botswana using in-depth, unstructured interviews. The study revealed two global themes: familial practices and protective factors. The vulnerability, resemblance, and resilience experienced by adult children of parents with alcohol-related problems are discussed. This study helps us to understand the adult children of parents and carers with alcohol-related problems in a rural cultural context. Their lived experiences demonstrate that resilience and resemblance coexist and are not mutually exclusive.
本研究探讨了博茨瓦纳父母有酗酒问题的儿童的适应能力和相似性。滥用酒精既影响使用者,也影响其家人,尤其是儿童。虽然在酗酒环境中长大的儿童往往会面临长期的逆境,但有些儿童在成年后会变得坚韧不拔,而另一些儿童则会表现出与父母相似的行为。本研究采用社会-生态复原力理论来探讨父母和照顾者有酗酒相关问题的成年子女的看法和经历,以及他们应对风险的途径。我们采用深入、非结构化访谈的方式收集了博茨瓦纳一个村庄中七名成年子女的数据。研究揭示了两个全球性主题:家庭实践和保护因素。我们讨论了父母有酗酒问题的成年子女所经历的脆弱性、相似性和复原力。这项研究有助于我们了解在农村文化背景下,有酒精相关问题的父母和照顾者的成年子女的情况。他们的生活经历表明,复原力和相似性是共存的,并不相互排斥。
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引用次数: 0
The Socioeconomic Factors of Female Child Trafficking and Prostitution: An Empirical Study in the Capital City of Bangladesh 女性儿童贩运和卖淫的社会经济因素:孟加拉国首都的实证研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080395
K. Farhana, Kazi Abdul Mannan
Although Bangladesh is a constitutionally Islamic country, some brothels are regulated by state law. But these brothels are located in the suburbs, and there were legal brothels around the capital, which no longer exist. Thus, prostitution is observed in a variety of ways, including in residential hotels, resorts, homes, and open spaces. As prostitution and trafficking are inseparable, this paper adopts a quantitative approach to measure the socioeconomic variables associated with prostitution and trafficking in children in the capital city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data for this study were collected from 385 respondents, and the questionnaire format was open-ended. The proposed conceptual model is presented in a way that includes sociocultural and economic factors influencing prostitution. To examine the model, a three-level research design was applied. The sociodemographic data of the respondents were collected and analyzed in this study. This study finds that the significant economic factors are poverty and lack of employment opportunities. Moreover, sociocultural variables are closely associated with rape, harassment, divorce, insufficient support from household members, living in vulnerable conditions, social instability, lifestyle, and gender violence. These findings emphasize the need to implement existing anti-trafficking laws and raise awareness of children in Bangladesh to stop child trafficking for sex work.
虽然孟加拉国在宪法上是一个伊斯兰国家,但一些妓院受到国家法律的管制。但这些妓院都位于郊区,首都周围曾有合法的妓院,但现在已不复存在。因此,卖淫的方式多种多样,包括在住宅酒店、度假村、家庭和露天场所。由于卖淫和贩卖人口密不可分,本文采用定量方法来衡量孟加拉国首都达卡与卖淫和贩卖 儿童相关的社会经济变量。本研究的数据收集自 385 名受访者,问卷格式为开放式。提出的概念模型包括影响卖淫的社会文化和经济因素。为研究该模型,采用了三层次研究设计。本研究收集并分析了受访者的社会人口学数据。研究发现,贫穷和缺乏就业机会是重要的经济因素。此外,社会文化变量与强奸、骚扰、离婚、家庭成员支持不足、生活条件脆弱、社会不稳定、生活方式和性别暴力密切相关。这些研究结果表明,孟加拉国有必要执行现有的反人口贩运法律,并提高儿童的认识,以制止为性工作目的贩运儿童的行为。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of the Pandemic on the Affective States of School Principals and Teachers: A Comparative Study between South Africa and Latvia 大流行病对校长和教师情感状态的影响:南非与拉脱维亚的比较研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080394
Leentjie van Jaarsveld, Lāsma Latsone, C. Wolhuter, Branwen H. Challens
This study explores the extensive influence of COVID-19 on the affective states of school principals and teachers. A comparative, qualitative study was conducted on Latvian and South African participants’ experiences during the pandemic, with a focus on leadership, change, extra workload, ICT, and uncertainty. A total of 59 participants from rural, urban, and private schools in both countries took part in this study. Data were collected by conducting interviews with open-ended questions after which themes were identified and grouped. The results demonstrated that the states of mind of Latvian school principals and teachers were more affected than those of South Africans for whom vaccination was not compulsory. Furthermore, it was found that technological adaptation was easier for Latvian than for South African educators. The role of the Department of Education has evoked mixed feelings. Leadership, and the lack of it, also influenced the affective states of school principals and teachers. Emotional support from society, family, and colleagues was experienced differently in Latvia than in South Africa. The results of this study revealed that a pandemic can be experienced differently by principals and teachers but also that there are similarities in these experiences, as no one is ever completely prepared for the effects of a pandemic.
本研究探讨了 COVID-19 对校长和教师情感状态的广泛影响。我们对拉脱维亚和南非参与者在大流行病期间的经历进行了定性比较研究,重点关注领导力、变革、额外工作量、信息和通信技术以及不确定性。共有来自两国农村、城市和私立学校的 59 名参与者参与了这项研究。通过开放式问题访谈收集数据,然后确定主题并进行分组。研究结果表明,拉脱维亚校长和教师的思想状态比非强制接种疫苗的南非人受到的影响更大。此外,还发现拉脱维亚教育工作者比南非教育工作者更容易适应技术。教育部的作用令人褒贬不一。领导力以及领导力的缺乏也影响了校长和教师的情感状态。来自社会、家庭和同事的情感支持在拉脱维亚的体验与南非不同。这项研究的结果表明,校长和教师对大流行病的体验可能不同,但这些体验也有相似之处,因为没有人能够对大流行病的影响完全做好准备。
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引用次数: 0
Scale of Perceptions of Future Primary School Teachers on Unaccompanied Foreign Minors: Exploratory and Confirmatory Analysis 未来小学教师对孤身外国未成年人的看法量表:探索性和确认性分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080392
Jennifer Serrano-García, Fátima Zahra Rakdani-Arif Billah, E. Olmedo-Moreno, Jorge Expósito-López
Unaccompanied foreign minors (UFMs) face stigmatisation and social exclusion in Spanish territory. Given their growing presence in schools, it is crucial that trainee teachers have valid and real information about these students in order to provide equitable, personalised, and quality education to all their students in the near future and to mitigate any uninformed prejudices and stigma developed before they enter the classroom. This study seeks to validate a scale designed to assess the perceptions of pre-service teachers about UFMs (n = 169). The objective of this study was to validate a scale designed to assess the perceptions of pre-service teachers about UFMs (n = 169). All participants were studying primary education at the University of Granada (Spain) [♂ = 131 (77.5%); ♀ = 37 (21.9%)]. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, ex post facto, and quantitative study was conducted. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS® 28.0 and IBM Amos Graphics® 23.0 programs. Results: A multidimensional scale was developed with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.858 and McDonald’s omega of 0.859, consisting of a total of 26 indicators divided into three factors: socio-educational characteristic (n = 13), social threat (n = 7), and physical and emotional well-being (n = 6). The general scale showed high reliability and acceptable fit (p < 0.001; KMO = 0.880; GFI = 0.832; IFI = 0.925; NFI = 0.816; CFI = 0.924; SMSR = 0.058). CFA reports that the items with the highest factor loadings are related to determining whether these minors respect cultural differences, are involved in drug trafficking, and arrive in Spanish territory with significant malnutrition. However, the items with the lowest factor loadings are linked to understanding the type of academic education these minors have, whether they consume alcohol, or if they require teachers with intercultural competencies to help them integrate socially. Conclusions: A reliable and robust scale was developed to assess the perceptions of pre-service primary school teachers about unaccompanied foreign minors. This instrument can be used to identify the knowledge of teachers in training, which allows training actions to be implemented in the context of higher education to raise awareness, detect biases, and make this vulnerable group visible.
在西班牙,举目无亲的外国未成年人(UFMs)面临着耻辱和社会排斥。鉴于他们在学校中的人数越来越多,为了在不久的将来为所有学生提供公平、个性化和高质量的教育,并减少他们在进入课堂之前所产生的任何不知情的偏见和污名,实习教师掌握有关这些学生的真实有效的信息至关重要。本研究旨在验证一个量表,该量表旨在评估职前教师对超常学生的看法(n = 169)。本研究的目的是验证一个量表,该量表旨在评估职前教师对超常妇女的看法(n = 169)。所有参与者均在格拉纳达大学(西班牙)学习小学教育[♂ = 131 (77.5%);♀ = 37 (21.9%)]。研究方法:进行了一项定量、描述性、横断面、事后和定量研究。数据使用 IBM SPSS® 28.0 和 IBM Amos Graphics® 23.0 程序进行分析。研究结果研究编制了一个多维量表,其 Cronbach's alpha 值为 0.858,McDonald's omega 值为 0.859,共包含 26 个指标,分为三个因子:社会教育特征(n = 13)、社会威胁(n = 7)和身心健康(n = 6)。总体量表显示出较高的可靠性和可接受的拟合度(P < 0.001;KMO = 0.880;GFI = 0.832;IFI = 0.925;NFI = 0.816;CFI = 0.924;SMSR = 0.058)。CFA 报告显示,因子载荷最高的项目与确定这些未成年人是否尊重文化差异、是否参与贩毒以及到达西班牙领土时是否严重营养不良有关。然而,因子载荷最低的项目则与了解这些未成年人所接受的学术教育类型、他们是否酗酒或他们是否需要具备跨文化能力的教师来帮助他们融入社会有关。结论为评估职前小学教师对举目无亲的外国未成年人的看法,我们编制了一个可靠、稳健的量表。该工具可用于确定受训教师的知识水平,从而在高等教育背景下开展培训活动,以提高认识、发现偏见并关注这一弱势群体。
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引用次数: 0
The Politics of Problem Definition: Abortion Policy in Republican-Controlled Louisiana 问题定义的政治学:共和党控制下的路易斯安那州的堕胎政策
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080387
Clare M. Daniel, Anna Mahoney, Grace Riley
Following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision, Republican-controlled legislatures across the U.S. initiated draconian abortion restrictions. In order to appeal to anti-abortion policymakers, advocates across the country have strategically separated “maternal and child health” (MCH) issues, such as increased insurance coverage for midwifery and doula care, from issues often labeled as “reproductive rights,” such as access to sex education, birth control, and abortion. Advocates point out this strategic separation has likely contributed overall to the downfall of abortion rights. In this paper, we analyze legislative discourse to understand the legislative challenges advocates face, the strategic separations and allyships they employ, and the implications for other states and reproductive health more broadly. We find that legislators legitimate the same scientific evidence in some contexts while not in others in order to hold onto rhetorical purity within the abortion debate. In their attempts to parse the ideal abortion seeker, conservative legislators create legal ambiguities with serious consequences for healthcare.
在多布斯诉杰克逊妇女健康组织案判决后,美国各地由共和党控制的立法机构启动了严厉的堕胎限制措施。为了吸引反堕胎政策的制定者,美国各地的倡导者们战略性地将 "母婴健康"(MCH)问题(如增加助产和朵拉护理的保险范围)与通常被称为 "生殖权利 "的问题(如获得性教育、节育和堕胎)分离开来。倡导者指出,这种策略性的分离很可能在整体上导致了堕胎权利的衰落。在本文中,我们分析了立法话语,以了解倡导者所面临的立法挑战、他们所采用的战略分离和同盟关系,以及对其他州和更广泛的生殖健康的影响。我们发现,立法者为了在堕胎辩论中保持修辞上的纯洁性,在某些情况下将相同的科学证据合法化,而在另一些情况下则不然。保守的立法者在试图解析理想的堕胎寻求者时,制造了法律上的歧义,给医疗保健带来了严重后果。
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引用次数: 0
Subversive Recipes for Communication for Development and Social Change in Times of Digital Capitalism 数字资本主义时代传播促进发展和社会变革的颠覆性食谱
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080393
Jessica Noske-Turner, Niranjana Sivaram, Aparna Kalley, Shreyas Hiremath
The era of digital capitalism poses conundrums for communication for development and social change scholarship and practice. On one hand, mainstream social media platforms are an increasingly ubiquitous element of the everyday media practices of growing portions of the global population. On the other, the profit-driven architectures can make these hostile spaces for progressive social change dialogues. While a burgeoning literature exists on the uses of social media as part of hashtag-activism and social movements, much less critical consideration has been given to NGOs’ and civil society organizations’ uses of capitalist-driven social media platforms in their development and social change efforts, and the challenges and compromises they navigate in this, consciously or not. This paper argues that meaningful uses of social media platforms for social change requires cultivating a hacker mindset in order to find tactics to subvert, resist, and appropriate platform logics, combined with an ecological sensibility to understanding media and communication. This paper analyzes how metaphors, specifically of a recipe, can offer a productive, praxis-oriented framework for fostering these sensibilities. The paper draws on insights from workshops with IT for Change, a civil society organization in India, which is both a leader in critiquing the political and economic power of Big Tech especially in the Global South, and beginning to use Instagram for its work on adolescent empowerment.
数字资本主义时代给传播促进发展和社会变革的学术和实践带来了难题。一方面,主流社交媒体平台日益成为全球越来越多人口日常媒体实践中无处不在的元素。另一方面,利益驱动的架构会使这些平台成为进行进步的社会变革对话的敌对空间。虽然关于社交媒体在标签行动主义和社会运动中的应用的文献不断涌现,但对于非政府组织和公民社会组织在其发展和社会变革努力中使用资本主义驱动的社交媒体平台,以及他们在其中有意无意地面临的挑战和妥协的批判性思考却少得多。本文认为,要有意义地利用社交媒体平台促进社会变革,就必须培养黑客思维,以找到颠覆、抵制和适应平台逻辑的策略,并结合生态敏感性来理解媒体和传播。本文分析了隐喻,特别是食谱的隐喻,如何为培养这些敏感性提供一个富有成效的、以实践为导向的框架。本文借鉴了与印度民间社会组织 "IT for Change"(信息技术促进变革)的研讨会所获得的见解,该组织既是批判大科技政治和经济力量(尤其是在全球南部)的领导者,也开始使用 Instagram 开展青少年赋权工作。
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引用次数: 0
Mind Over Matter: Effects of Digital Devices and Internet Dependence Perceptions and Behavior on Life Satisfaction in Singapore 心有多大,舞台就有多大:新加坡人的数码设备和互联网依赖观念与行为对生活满意度的影响
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080389
Yi Jie Wong, Nursyahida Ahmad, Loo Seng Neo, Jia Wen Lee, Kenneth Loong, Rebecca Low, James Lim
The ubiquity of digital devices and the Internet, along with continuing technological innovation, makes it difficult not to rely on them in some capacity, whether for work or play, in our daily lives. This dependence on their usage could impact life satisfaction. Furthermore, the recognition and perception of this dependence could have implications for life satisfaction as well, whether positive or negative. We thus sought to explore how perceptions of dependence and dependent behaviour on digital devices and the Internet affected life satisfaction. We also examined whether one had a greater effect than the other. We conducted three online nationally representative surveys with 7991, 7703, and 8356 Singaporeans, and performed a hierarchical linear regression analysis on the data. The results show significant but weak positive relationships between dependence on digital devices, the importance of the Internet, and life satisfaction. A greater consistent effect on life satisfaction was also observed from the perceptions of dependence compared with dependent behavior. The implications are discussed, with implications for governmental policy strategy for reducing the potential harms of dependence on digital devices and the Internet.
数字设备和互联网无处不在,加上技术的不断创新,使我们在日常生活中无论是工作还是娱乐,都很难不在某种程度上依赖它们。这种依赖性可能会影响生活满意度。此外,对这种依赖性的认识和感知也会对生活满意度产生积极或消极的影响。因此,我们试图探讨对数字设备和互联网的依赖感和依赖行为如何影响生活满意度。我们还研究了两者之间是否有更大的影响。我们对 7991、7703 和 8356 名新加坡人进行了三次具有全国代表性的在线调查,并对数据进行了分层线性回归分析。结果显示,对数码设备的依赖、互联网的重要性和生活满意度之间存在明显但微弱的正相关关系。与依赖行为相比,依赖感对生活满意度的影响更大。本研究讨论了其影响,以及对政府减少依赖数字设备和互联网的潜在危害的政策战略的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Moderation Effects of Autonomy and Personal Growth on the Association of Sociotropy and Different Types of Loneliness 自主性和个人成长对社会熵与不同类型孤独感关联的调节作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080388
Olga Strizhitskaya, I. Murtazina
Loneliness is one of the most widespread conditions that affect one’s physical and mental health. Loneliness is found in all populations despite age, gender, ethnicity, religion, or socio-economic status. It is related to the quality and availability of social interactions and can be expressed in different social domains. While the negative effects of loneliness are well-established, mechanisms and moderators of loneliness still need more examination. In the present study, we approached loneliness from a multidimensional perspective. We focused on associations between sociotropy and different types of loneliness—family and non-family. Participants were 157 adults aged 35–55, 55% females. Methods were the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA-S), “Sociotropy—Self-Sufficiency” Questionnaire, and Psychological well-being scale (scales of Autonomy and Personal growth). To test moderation effects, we applied Hayes Process v.4 (models 1–3). Results confirmed that sociotropy predicted loneliness, both family and non-family, and autonomy and personal growth moderated this effect. We found two different moderation mechanisms for family and non-family loneliness: parallel negative moderation affected sociotropy—family loneliness association, and negative moderated moderation affected sociotropy—non-family loneliness association. Results suggested that the higher were scores on personal growth and autonomy, the less they affected the association of sociotropy and loneliness. Gender differences in moderation were found only for non-family loneliness.
孤独是影响人们身心健康的最普遍的状况之一。无论年龄、性别、种族、宗教信仰或社会经济地位如何,所有人群都存在孤独感。孤独感与社会交往的质量和可用性有关,可以在不同的社会领域表现出来。虽然孤独的负面影响已得到证实,但孤独的机制和调节因素仍需进一步研究。在本研究中,我们从多维角度探讨了孤独感。我们重点研究了社会熵与不同类型的孤独感--家庭型和非家庭型--之间的关联。研究对象为 157 名 35-55 岁的成年人,其中 55% 为女性。研究方法包括社交和情感孤独感量表(SELSA-S)、"社交-自足 "问卷和心理健康量表(自主和个人成长量表)。为了检验调节效应,我们使用了 Hayes Process v.4(模型 1-3)。结果证实,社会熵能预测家庭和非家庭中的孤独感,而自主性和个人成长则能调节这种效应。我们发现家庭和非家庭孤独感有两种不同的调节机制:平行负调节影响社会熵-家庭孤独感关联,负调节影响社会熵-非家庭孤独感关联。结果表明,个人成长和自主性得分越高,它们对社会熵和孤独感关联的影响就越小。只有在非家庭孤独感方面发现了性别差异。
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引用次数: 0
Co-Constructing Knowledge and Space with Refugee Communities: Lessons from the Western New York Refugee Health Summit 与难民社区共同构建知识和空间:纽约州西部难民健康峰会的经验教训
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080390
Alexandra Judelsohn, Melinda Lemke, Ngo Hna, Samina Raja, Jessica Scates, Kafuli Agbemenu
Displaced peoples are often excluded from institutional, community, and public processes in the United States, including in knowledge production spaces where researchers and educators may discuss problems and devise solutions. In this article, we explore the benefits and challenges inherent in the co-construction of knowledge spaces designed with the intent of serving refugee communities. To do so, we examined the Western New York Refugee Health Summit, an event held for eight years where actors convened from three spaces, i.e., institutional, community, and public. Findings are derived from the situated knowledge of the authors (actors embedded in the conception and execution of the Summit) and a qualitative descriptive analysis of eight Summit reports and event evaluation data. Findings illuminate how collaboration across these spaces is co-constructed, as well as challenges inherent in co-construction from an institutional perspective—including our attempts to contest institutional power dynamics. We conclude with a discussion of research and practice-based lessons for co-constructing spaces with and including the voices of refugee community partners.
在美国,流离失所者往往被排除在机构、社区和公共进程之外,包括研究人员和教育工作者可以讨论问题和制定解决方案的知识生产空间。在本文中,我们将探讨以服务难民社区为目的而设计的知识空间的共同构建所固有的益处和挑战。为此,我们对纽约州西部难民健康峰会进行了研究,该峰会已举办了八年,参与者来自三个领域,即机构、社区和公共领域。研究结果来自作者(参与峰会构思和执行的参与者)的情景知识,以及对八份峰会报告和活动评估数据的定性描述分析。研究结果揭示了这些空间中的合作是如何共同构建的,以及从机构角度看共同构建过程中固有的挑战--包括我们对机构权力动态的质疑。最后,我们讨论了与难民社区合作伙伴共同构建空间的研究和实践经验。
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引用次数: 0
The Great Amplifier? Climate Change, Irregular Migration, and the Missing Links in EU Responses 大放大器?气候变化、非正常移民和欧盟应对措施中的缺失环节
Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13080391
Iole Fontana
This article examines the complex relationship between climate change and migration in Africa, with a specific focus on Senegal—a West African nation increasingly vulnerable to climate threats such as drought, rising sea levels, floods, and salinisation. As a significant origin country for irregular migration to the European Union (EU), Senegal presents a compelling case study to explore how extreme climatic conditions interact with other migration drivers. This article does not aim to quantify or measure the extent to which climatic factors and variability contributed to migration decisions. Instead, building on original empirical material, it seeks to map and explore how climate variability interacts with other migration drivers, either by amplifying them or acting in synergy with them, thereby offering a fresh perspective of the complex dynamics at play. Additionally, this article investigates the extent to which the EU addresses and integrates climate considerations into its policy responses to address migratory flows and people’s vulnerability in countries of origin. This analysis reveals that the integration of climate factors as an amplifier and a synergist is a ‘missing link’ in the EU approach in the case of Senegal, with significant implications in terms of the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of EU action.
本文探讨了气候变化与非洲移民之间的复杂关系,并特别关注塞内加尔--一个越来越容易受到干旱、海平面上升、洪水和盐碱化等气候威胁的西非国家。作为向欧盟(EU)非正常移民的重要原籍国,塞内加尔提供了一个令人信服的案例研究,以探讨极端气候条件如何与其他移民驱动因素相互作用。本文无意量化或衡量气候因素和气候变异对移民决策的影响程度。相反,本文在原始经验材料的基础上,试图描绘和探讨气候变异性如何与其他移民驱动因素相互作用,或者放大这些因素,或者与它们协同作用,从而为复杂的动态变化提供一个全新的视角。此外,本文还调查了欧盟在多大程度上将气候因素纳入其应对政策,以解决原籍国的移民潮和人们的脆弱性问题。分析表明,在塞内加尔的案例中,将气候因素作为放大器和增效剂纳入欧盟的方法中是一个 "缺失的环节",对欧盟行动的有效性和长期可持续性具有重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
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