F. Limeira, Monize Ferreira Figueiredo de Carvalho, Viviane Valquíria do Nascimento, Caroline C Santa-Rosa, M. Yamauti, A. Moreira, C. Magalhães
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of human and bovine root dentin age on the bond strength of fiber posts fixed with resin cements. The degree of conversion (DC) of the resin cements in different root thirds also was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six single-rooted teeth were divided into groups according to the origin and age: young human (20-30 years), old human (over 60 years), young bovine (24-36 months) and adult bovine (over 48 months). The teeth were endodontically treated, and fiber posts were cemented with resin cements (RelyX Ultimate and RelyX U200). After 24 h, the teeth were sectioned perpendicularly and the push-out test was performed in a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min, until failure. One specimen from each third from each group (n = 6) was selected, and the DC of the resin cements was analyzed by FT-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS For both resin cements, the young human root dentin group presented the highest bond strengths and the old human root dentin group presented the lowest (p < 0.05). The bond strengths of bovine root dentin groups were not affected by aging (p > 0.05). For the DC of resin cements, there were differences among the root thirds (p < 0.05), with the lowest values observed in the apical third. CONCLUSIONS The bond strengths were higher in the young human root canal than in the bovine substrate, with a negative effect of aging in the human substrate. The DC of dual-curing resin cements decreased from the coronal to apical root thirds.
{"title":"Bond Strength of Resin Cements Fixing Fiber Posts to Human and Bovine Teeth of Different Ages.","authors":"F. Limeira, Monize Ferreira Figueiredo de Carvalho, Viviane Valquíria do Nascimento, Caroline C Santa-Rosa, M. Yamauti, A. Moreira, C. Magalhães","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a43180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a43180","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of human and bovine root dentin age on the bond strength of fiber posts fixed with resin cements. The degree of conversion (DC) of the resin cements in different root thirds also was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six single-rooted teeth were divided into groups according to the origin and age: young human (20-30 years), old human (over 60 years), young bovine (24-36 months) and adult bovine (over 48 months). The teeth were endodontically treated, and fiber posts were cemented with resin cements (RelyX Ultimate and RelyX U200). After 24 h, the teeth were sectioned perpendicularly and the push-out test was performed in a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min, until failure. One specimen from each third from each group (n = 6) was selected, and the DC of the resin cements was analyzed by FT-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS For both resin cements, the young human root dentin group presented the highest bond strengths and the old human root dentin group presented the lowest (p < 0.05). The bond strengths of bovine root dentin groups were not affected by aging (p > 0.05). For the DC of resin cements, there were differences among the root thirds (p < 0.05), with the lowest values observed in the apical third. CONCLUSIONS The bond strengths were higher in the young human root canal than in the bovine substrate, with a negative effect of aging in the human substrate. The DC of dual-curing resin cements decreased from the coronal to apical root thirds.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85691259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Comba, A. Baldi, Riccardo Michelotto Tempesta, Aristea Cedrone, Giorgia Carpegna, A. Mazzoni, L. Breschi, M. Alovisi, D. Pasqualini, N. Scotti
PURPOSE To evaluate the immediate and aged bond strength and interfacial nanolaekage of different adhesives and protocols on dental elements prepared with diamond burs and Er:YAG laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty molar crowns were flattened and a standardized smear layer was created. Teeth were divided into two main groups according to the dentin cutting technique: 1. Er:YAG laser for 30 s at 30 Hz repetition rate, 250 mJ energy per pulse, and water spray irrigation set at level 8; and 2. diamond bur. Each group was then divided into subgroups according to the adhesive protocol: SG1: dentin etching for 15 s followed by universal adhesive application (All Bond Universal, Bisco); SG2: universal adhesive application (All Bond Universal); SG3: two-step self-etch adhesive application (Clearfil SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake); SG4: etching followed by 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive application (Optibond FL, Kerr). After curing the adhesives, resin composite buildups of 4 mm were made and specimens were sectioned to obtain 1-mm-thick sticks in accordance with the μTBS test technique. Sticks were stressed to failure at baseline and after 6 months of storage in artificial saliva. Three teeth per group were prepared for nanoleakage interfacial analyses. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS A significant difference in bond strengths was found for treatment, aging, and adhesive protocol. Nanoleakage analysis showed higher marginal infiltration in Er:YAG-treated groups both at baseline and after aging. CONCLUSIONS Surfaces prepared with diamond burs presented higher bond strengths than did those prepared with Er:YAG laser. Adhesive protocols and aging could influence the adhesive-dentin interface. Further studies are necessary to validate the results obtained.
目的评价金刚石毛刺和Er:YAG激光制备牙体的不同粘结剂和工艺对牙体即刻和老化粘结强度及界面纳米间隙的影响。材料与方法将40个磨牙冠压平，形成标准化涂片层。根据牙本质切割技术的不同，将牙本质分为两大类。Er:YAG激光30 s, 30 Hz重复频率，每脉冲250 mJ能量，水喷灌设置为8级;和2。金刚石钻头。然后根据粘接方案将每组分成亚组:SG1:牙本质蚀刻15s，然后使用通用粘接(All Bond universal, Bisco);SG2:通用粘合剂应用(All Bond universal);SG3:两步自蚀刻粘合剂应用(Clearfil SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake);SG4:蚀刻，然后是3步蚀刻和冲洗粘合剂应用(Optibond FL, Kerr)。胶粘剂固化后，制作4 mm的树脂复合材料，按照μTBS测试技术对试件进行切片，得到1 mm厚的粘胶棒。在基线和人工唾液中储存6个月后，棒被应激至失效。每组制备3颗牙进行纳米渗漏界面分析。数据采用三因素方差分析和Tukey事后检验(p < 0.05)进行统计学分析。结果不同处理方式、老化方式、粘接方式的粘接强度差异有统计学意义。纳米渗漏分析显示，Er: yag处理组在基线和老化后均有较高的边际浸润。结论金刚石毛刺制备的表面比Er:YAG激光制备的表面具有更高的结合强度。粘接方式和老化对粘接剂-牙本质界面有影响。需要进一步的研究来验证所获得的结果。
{"title":"Effect of Er:YAG and Burs on Coronal Dentin Bond Strength Stability.","authors":"A. Comba, A. Baldi, Riccardo Michelotto Tempesta, Aristea Cedrone, Giorgia Carpegna, A. Mazzoni, L. Breschi, M. Alovisi, D. Pasqualini, N. Scotti","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a42932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a42932","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To evaluate the immediate and aged bond strength and interfacial nanolaekage of different adhesives and protocols on dental elements prepared with diamond burs and Er:YAG laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty molar crowns were flattened and a standardized smear layer was created. Teeth were divided into two main groups according to the dentin cutting technique: 1. Er:YAG laser for 30 s at 30 Hz repetition rate, 250 mJ energy per pulse, and water spray irrigation set at level 8; and 2. diamond bur. Each group was then divided into subgroups according to the adhesive protocol: SG1: dentin etching for 15 s followed by universal adhesive application (All Bond Universal, Bisco); SG2: universal adhesive application (All Bond Universal); SG3: two-step self-etch adhesive application (Clearfil SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake); SG4: etching followed by 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive application (Optibond FL, Kerr). After curing the adhesives, resin composite buildups of 4 mm were made and specimens were sectioned to obtain 1-mm-thick sticks in accordance with the μTBS test technique. Sticks were stressed to failure at baseline and after 6 months of storage in artificial saliva. Three teeth per group were prepared for nanoleakage interfacial analyses. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS A significant difference in bond strengths was found for treatment, aging, and adhesive protocol. Nanoleakage analysis showed higher marginal infiltration in Er:YAG-treated groups both at baseline and after aging. CONCLUSIONS Surfaces prepared with diamond burs presented higher bond strengths than did those prepared with Er:YAG laser. Adhesive protocols and aging could influence the adhesive-dentin interface. Further studies are necessary to validate the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76528402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Jitumori, B. Bittencourt, A. Reis, J. Gomes, G. Gomes
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different irrigation solutions on the bonding of self-adhesive composite cements to the root canal during fiber-post cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated. The post spaces were prepared and specimens were randomly divided into ten groups, according to the combination of the factors: post space irrigation (distilled water, 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, 26% polyacrylic acid, and 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl) and self-adhesive composite cement (RelyX U200 [3M Oral Care] and Multilink Speed [Ivoclar Vivadent]). The proportion of open dentinal tubules was evaluated by SEM. After fiber post cementation, six slices were obtained from each root (coronal, middle, and apical thirds) for evaluation of push-out bond strength (BS), nanoleakage (NL), and Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the composite cement. Data from open dentinal tubules were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α = 0.05). Data from BS, NL, and VHN were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Irrigation with EDTA, polyacrylic acid, and EDTA + NaOCl increased the proportion of open dentinal tubules. For RelyX U200, NaOCl, distilled water and EDTA resulted in the highest BS and VHN values, while for Multi- link Speed, these values were higher only for distilled water. Both composite cements presented lower BS and VHN with polyacrylic acid. NL did not differ between experimental groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION For both composite cements tested, distilled water showed better results in push-out and microhardness tests.
{"title":"Effect of Root Canal Irrigants on Fiber Post Bonding Using Self-adhesive Composite Cements.","authors":"R. Jitumori, B. Bittencourt, A. Reis, J. Gomes, G. Gomes","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a43609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a43609","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different irrigation solutions on the bonding of self-adhesive composite cements to the root canal during fiber-post cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated. The post spaces were prepared and specimens were randomly divided into ten groups, according to the combination of the factors: post space irrigation (distilled water, 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, 26% polyacrylic acid, and 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl) and self-adhesive composite cement (RelyX U200 [3M Oral Care] and Multilink Speed [Ivoclar Vivadent]). The proportion of open dentinal tubules was evaluated by SEM. After fiber post cementation, six slices were obtained from each root (coronal, middle, and apical thirds) for evaluation of push-out bond strength (BS), nanoleakage (NL), and Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the composite cement. Data from open dentinal tubules were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests (α = 0.05). Data from BS, NL, and VHN were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Irrigation with EDTA, polyacrylic acid, and EDTA + NaOCl increased the proportion of open dentinal tubules. For RelyX U200, NaOCl, distilled water and EDTA resulted in the highest BS and VHN values, while for Multi- link Speed, these values were higher only for distilled water. Both composite cements presented lower BS and VHN with polyacrylic acid. NL did not differ between experimental groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION For both composite cements tested, distilled water showed better results in push-out and microhardness tests.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79493275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: On our way towards self-adhesive restorative materials?","authors":"B. Van Meerbeek, R. Frankenberger","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a43044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a43044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74930598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Fang Lo, A. Crispin, A. Kessler, R. Hickel, J. Kühnisch
PURPOSE This meta-analysis investigated the influence of different acid etching times on the retention rate of pit-and-fissure sealants based on clinical trials with a minimum duration of two years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was carried out in electronic databases along with hand searching to identify clinical trials that evaluated pit-and-fissure sealants in permanent molars. From 1280 identified abstracts, 195 studies were selected for full-text analysis, and 28 studies with 36 test groups were included in this meta-analysis. Test groups with etching times of 15 (n = 3), 20 (n = 2), 30 (n = 10), 40 (n = 1) and 60 s (n = 20) were found. Incidence rates of pit-and-fissure sealant losses were modelled using negative binomial regression. RESULTS The regression analysis did not reveal a significant influence of etching time on the survival of pit-and-fissure sealants based on the identified and included clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Due to the limited number of clinical data for 15 and 20 s, conclusions regarding very short acid etching times were not possible. On the basis of regression analysis, a minimum of 30-s acid etching might be sufficient prior to fissure sealing.
{"title":"What is an Appropriate Etching Time For Sealant Application on Permanent Molars? Results from a Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yi-Fang Lo, A. Crispin, A. Kessler, R. Hickel, J. Kühnisch","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a43181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a43181","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE This meta-analysis investigated the influence of different acid etching times on the retention rate of pit-and-fissure sealants based on clinical trials with a minimum duration of two years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was carried out in electronic databases along with hand searching to identify clinical trials that evaluated pit-and-fissure sealants in permanent molars. From 1280 identified abstracts, 195 studies were selected for full-text analysis, and 28 studies with 36 test groups were included in this meta-analysis. Test groups with etching times of 15 (n = 3), 20 (n = 2), 30 (n = 10), 40 (n = 1) and 60 s (n = 20) were found. Incidence rates of pit-and-fissure sealant losses were modelled using negative binomial regression. RESULTS The regression analysis did not reveal a significant influence of etching time on the survival of pit-and-fissure sealants based on the identified and included clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Due to the limited number of clinical data for 15 and 20 s, conclusions regarding very short acid etching times were not possible. On the basis of regression analysis, a minimum of 30-s acid etching might be sufficient prior to fissure sealing.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85124328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts of the Third Biennial Meeting of the International Academy of Adhesive Dentistry.","authors":"","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a43326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a43326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78342516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. K. Kuper, A. Hollanders, Eline A M Dekkers, T. Maske, M. Huysmans, M. Cenci
PURPOSE This in vitro study investigated whether aging different restorative materials influences secondary caries development using a short-term in vitro biofilm model, hypothesizing that the antibacterial adhesive employed may lose its effect over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty enamel-dentin blocks were divided into 6 groups with n = 10 per group. The groups were restored with three different restorative materials, of which each sample contained an artificial gap: composite with conventional adhesive (CCA; negative control), composite with an antibacterial adhesive (CAA), and amalgam (A; positive control). Half of the groups were prepared fresh and half of the groups were submitted to an aging protocol consisting of water storage, thermocycling, storage in human saliva, and storage in 0.9% saline solution. All specimens were subjected to an intermittent 1% sucrose biofilm model for 20 days to create artificial caries lesions. Lesion progression in the enamel and dentin next to the different materials was measured as lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ML), using transverse wavelength independent microradiography (T-WIM). Regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of aging on LD and ML per restorative material, corrected for gap size. RESULTS In the amalgam group, aging led to shallower lesions and less mineral loss. Fresh amalgam samples showed an average lesion depth of 156.65 ± 39.18 µm at wall dentin locations. Aged amalgam samples had an average lesion depth of 73.42 ± 73.50 µm. Fresh CAA samples showed lower average surface mineral loss values (9104 ± 2631 µm•vol%) than did fresh CCA samples (13166 ± 4769 µm•vol%). After aging, this effect was absent, and the average mineral loss in the CAA group was 13382 ± 5586 µm•vol%, while in the CCA group it was 15518 ± 9283 µm•vol%. CONCLUSION Aging can influence secondary caries development either positively or negatively depending on the kind of restorative material. Antibacterial adhesives may lose their effectiveness over time.
{"title":"Aging Reduces the Anticaries Effect of Antibacterial Adhesive - An In Vitro Biofilm Study.","authors":"N. K. Kuper, A. Hollanders, Eline A M Dekkers, T. Maske, M. Huysmans, M. Cenci","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a42999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a42999","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE This in vitro study investigated whether aging different restorative materials influences secondary caries development using a short-term in vitro biofilm model, hypothesizing that the antibacterial adhesive employed may lose its effect over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty enamel-dentin blocks were divided into 6 groups with n = 10 per group. The groups were restored with three different restorative materials, of which each sample contained an artificial gap: composite with conventional adhesive (CCA; negative control), composite with an antibacterial adhesive (CAA), and amalgam (A; positive control). Half of the groups were prepared fresh and half of the groups were submitted to an aging protocol consisting of water storage, thermocycling, storage in human saliva, and storage in 0.9% saline solution. All specimens were subjected to an intermittent 1% sucrose biofilm model for 20 days to create artificial caries lesions. Lesion progression in the enamel and dentin next to the different materials was measured as lesion depth (LD) and mineral loss (ML), using transverse wavelength independent microradiography (T-WIM). Regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of aging on LD and ML per restorative material, corrected for gap size. RESULTS In the amalgam group, aging led to shallower lesions and less mineral loss. Fresh amalgam samples showed an average lesion depth of 156.65 ± 39.18 µm at wall dentin locations. Aged amalgam samples had an average lesion depth of 73.42 ± 73.50 µm. Fresh CAA samples showed lower average surface mineral loss values (9104 ± 2631 µm•vol%) than did fresh CCA samples (13166 ± 4769 µm•vol%). After aging, this effect was absent, and the average mineral loss in the CAA group was 13382 ± 5586 µm•vol%, while in the CCA group it was 15518 ± 9283 µm•vol%. CONCLUSION Aging can influence secondary caries development either positively or negatively depending on the kind of restorative material. Antibacterial adhesives may lose their effectiveness over time.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90415385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Cao, Yanqing Guo, Lei Chen, Jing-Jing Han, H. Tong, Baohui Zhang, Yu Zhang
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of grit blasting, acidic or alkaline/heat treatments, and metal primer application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to machined commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium plates were machined and received one of the following treatments: grit-blasting (GB), or grit-blasting followed by either acidic treatment (GB/AC) or alkaline/heat treatment (GB/AH). The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with Rely X Ceramic Primer (RCP), Z Prime Plus (ZPP), and Alloy Primer (ALP), or without primer as the control. The pairs of titanium plates were cemented together with the Rely X Unicem cement. SBS was measured before and after thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C for 5000 cycles. RESULTS SEM observation showed that honeycomb-shaped pores formed on the surface of machined CP-Ti after GB/AC treatment, whereas a uniform net-like pattern formed after GB/AH treatment. In descending order, the surface roughness was GB, GB/AC, and GB/AH. The GB/AH group showed the highest SBS among all the treatments. As for primers, ALP group showed the highest SBS, while the RCP group showed the lowest. GB followed by ALP presented the highest SBS. CONCLUSION A fine, uniform network structure was formed on the surface of CP-Ti following GB/AH treatment, providing an effective micromechanical interlocking mechanism for resin bonding. At the same time, after AH treatment, the -OH formed on the surface of the machined CP-Ti triggered a chemical reaction with the acid monomers in the resin adhesives, creating a chemical bond. As a result, GB/AH treatment significantly improved the bond strength relative to GB/AC treatment. In addition, ALP treatment facilitated the formation of hydrogen bonds, which further improved the chemical bond strength. Finally, the combination of the effects mentioned above resulted in the most robust bond between machined CP-Ti and the resin adhesives.
目的研究喷砂、酸性或碱性/热处理以及金属底漆对树脂水泥与工业纯钛(CP-Ti)剪切结合强度(SBS)的影响。材料与方法对钛板进行机械加工，采用喷砂(GB)或喷砂后进行酸性处理(GB/AC)或碱性/热处理(GB/AH)。随机分为4组，分别用Rely X陶瓷引物(RCP)、Z Prime Plus (ZPP)和Alloy引物(ALP)处理，或不加引物作为对照。用Rely X Unicem水泥将钛板对粘合在一起。在5°C至55°C之间进行5000次热循环前后测量SBS。结果sem观察表明，经GB/AC处理的CP-Ti表面形成蜂窝状气孔，而经GB/AH处理的CP-Ti表面形成均匀的网状气孔。表面粗糙度由大到小依次为GB、GB/AC、GB/AH。在所有处理中，GB/AH组SBS最高。引物中，ALP组SBS最高，RCP组最低。SBS最高的是GB，其次是ALP。结论GB/AH处理后的CP-Ti表面形成了精细均匀的网状结构，为树脂键合提供了有效的微机械联锁机制。同时，经过AH处理后，加工后的CP-Ti表面形成的-OH与树脂胶粘剂中的酸性单体发生化学反应，形成化学键。结果表明，相对于GB/AC处理，GB/AH处理显著提高了粘结强度。此外，ALP处理促进了氢键的形成，进一步提高了化学键的强度。最后，上述效应的结合导致了加工CP-Ti与树脂粘合剂之间最坚固的结合。
{"title":"Effects of Different Surface Treatments on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Machined Pure Titanium.","authors":"Yang Cao, Yanqing Guo, Lei Chen, Jing-Jing Han, H. Tong, Baohui Zhang, Yu Zhang","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a43182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a43182","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To investigate the effects of grit blasting, acidic or alkaline/heat treatments, and metal primer application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to machined commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium plates were machined and received one of the following treatments: grit-blasting (GB), or grit-blasting followed by either acidic treatment (GB/AC) or alkaline/heat treatment (GB/AH). The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with Rely X Ceramic Primer (RCP), Z Prime Plus (ZPP), and Alloy Primer (ALP), or without primer as the control. The pairs of titanium plates were cemented together with the Rely X Unicem cement. SBS was measured before and after thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C for 5000 cycles. RESULTS SEM observation showed that honeycomb-shaped pores formed on the surface of machined CP-Ti after GB/AC treatment, whereas a uniform net-like pattern formed after GB/AH treatment. In descending order, the surface roughness was GB, GB/AC, and GB/AH. The GB/AH group showed the highest SBS among all the treatments. As for primers, ALP group showed the highest SBS, while the RCP group showed the lowest. GB followed by ALP presented the highest SBS. CONCLUSION A fine, uniform network structure was formed on the surface of CP-Ti following GB/AH treatment, providing an effective micromechanical interlocking mechanism for resin bonding. At the same time, after AH treatment, the -OH formed on the surface of the machined CP-Ti triggered a chemical reaction with the acid monomers in the resin adhesives, creating a chemical bond. As a result, GB/AH treatment significantly improved the bond strength relative to GB/AC treatment. In addition, ALP treatment facilitated the formation of hydrogen bonds, which further improved the chemical bond strength. Finally, the combination of the effects mentioned above resulted in the most robust bond between machined CP-Ti and the resin adhesives.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83067194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Cardenas, Angela Sisley Quintero-Calderon, F. Siqueira, V. S. Campos, M. Wendlinger, Camilo Andres Pulido-Mora, María José Masson-Palacios, Martha Lucia Sarmiento-Delgado, A. Loguércio
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different application modes of a recently introduced self-etching ceramic primer on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) and ceramic surface-etching pattern of two glass-ceramic surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two CAD/CAM blocks of lithium disilicate (LD) and feldspathic glass ceramic (VTR) were each cut into 4 rectangular sections (n = 88 for ceramic surface). The LD and VTR specimens were divided into one control group (hydrofluoric acid + silane coupling agent [HF+SII]), and 10 experimental groups using Monobond Etch and Prime (MEP) applied for a combination of scrubbing times (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 s) and reaction times (20 or 40 s). After each treatment, Tygon matrices (n = 8) were filled with a resin cement and light cured for each ceramic specimen. The specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 h and subjected to the μSBS test. The failure pattern and μSBS were statistically evaluated (α = 0.05). In addition, the ceramic surface etching pattern was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS For the LD groups, the application of MEP 60/40 resulted in a higher mean μSBS compared to HF+SI (p < 0.05). Groups 5/40, 10/40, and 20/40 resulted in mean μSBS similar to that obtained by HF+SI (p > 0.05). For VTR, no significant difference was observed among the groups (p = 0.32). Compared with MEP, HF better promoted the dissolution of glass matrix for both ceramics. However, prolonged MEP scrubbing or reaction caused significant dissolution of the glass matrix for both evaluated ceramics. CONCLUSION Active and prolonged application of MEP may be a viable alternative to HF+SI for increasing the bond strength to LD.
{"title":"Do Different Application Modes Improve the Bonding Performance of Self-etching Ceramic Primer to Lithium Disilicate and Feldspathic Ceramics?","authors":"A. Cardenas, Angela Sisley Quintero-Calderon, F. Siqueira, V. S. Campos, M. Wendlinger, Camilo Andres Pulido-Mora, María José Masson-Palacios, Martha Lucia Sarmiento-Delgado, A. Loguércio","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a42929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a42929","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different application modes of a recently introduced self-etching ceramic primer on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) and ceramic surface-etching pattern of two glass-ceramic surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two CAD/CAM blocks of lithium disilicate (LD) and feldspathic glass ceramic (VTR) were each cut into 4 rectangular sections (n = 88 for ceramic surface). The LD and VTR specimens were divided into one control group (hydrofluoric acid + silane coupling agent [HF+SII]), and 10 experimental groups using Monobond Etch and Prime (MEP) applied for a combination of scrubbing times (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 s) and reaction times (20 or 40 s). After each treatment, Tygon matrices (n = 8) were filled with a resin cement and light cured for each ceramic specimen. The specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 h and subjected to the μSBS test. The failure pattern and μSBS were statistically evaluated (α = 0.05). In addition, the ceramic surface etching pattern was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS For the LD groups, the application of MEP 60/40 resulted in a higher mean μSBS compared to HF+SI (p < 0.05). Groups 5/40, 10/40, and 20/40 resulted in mean μSBS similar to that obtained by HF+SI (p > 0.05). For VTR, no significant difference was observed among the groups (p = 0.32). Compared with MEP, HF better promoted the dissolution of glass matrix for both ceramics. However, prolonged MEP scrubbing or reaction caused significant dissolution of the glass matrix for both evaluated ceramics. CONCLUSION Active and prolonged application of MEP may be a viable alternative to HF+SI for increasing the bond strength to LD.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88565839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Academy for Adhesive Dentistry (IAAD).","authors":"L. Breschi, M. Blatz, J. Roulet","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a40659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a40659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76127871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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