C. Amaral, Alice Marques Diniz, Eugênio Braz Rodrigues Arantes, G. B. dos Santos, J. D. Noronha-Filho, E. M. da Silva
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of 4-META concentration and type of solvent on the degree of conversion (DC%) and resin-dentin bond stability of experimental etch-and-rinse adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four different concentrations of 4-META (12 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%) were added to a model adhesive system consisting of TEG-DMA (25 wt%), UDMA (20 wt%), HEMA (30 wt%), water (4 wt%), camphorquinone (0.5 wt%), and tertiary amine (0.5 wt%) dissolved in 20% acetone (A12, A20, A30 and A40) or 20% ethanol (E12, E20, E30 and E40). DC% was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy. Human molars were wet ground until the occlusal dentin was exposed, the adhesive systems were applied after 37% phosphoric acid etching, and resin composite buildups were incrementally constructed. After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h, the teeth were cut into resin-dentin beams (cross-sectional area 1 mm2). Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was evaluated after 24 h, 6 months, and 1 year of water storage at 37°C. The failure mode was categorized as adhesive, mixed, or cohesive. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS A12 presented the lowest DC% (p < 0.05). All the other adhesive systems showed statistically similar DC% (p > 0.05). All adhesive systems maintained resin-dentin bond stability after 6 months of water storage, while only A40 and E40 maintained it after 1 year. CONCLUSION Irrespective of the type of organic solvent, the incorporation of high concentrations of 4-META (40 wt%) improved the resin-dentin bond stability of the experimental etch-and-rinse adhesive systems over a period of 1 year.
{"title":"Resin-dentin Bond Stability of Experimental 4-META-based Etch-and-rinse Adhesives Solvated by Ethanol or Acetone.","authors":"C. Amaral, Alice Marques Diniz, Eugênio Braz Rodrigues Arantes, G. B. dos Santos, J. D. Noronha-Filho, E. M. da Silva","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a37200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a37200","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To investigate the influence of 4-META concentration and type of solvent on the degree of conversion (DC%) and resin-dentin bond stability of experimental etch-and-rinse adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four different concentrations of 4-META (12 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%) were added to a model adhesive system consisting of TEG-DMA (25 wt%), UDMA (20 wt%), HEMA (30 wt%), water (4 wt%), camphorquinone (0.5 wt%), and tertiary amine (0.5 wt%) dissolved in 20% acetone (A12, A20, A30 and A40) or 20% ethanol (E12, E20, E30 and E40). DC% was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy. Human molars were wet ground until the occlusal dentin was exposed, the adhesive systems were applied after 37% phosphoric acid etching, and resin composite buildups were incrementally constructed. After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h, the teeth were cut into resin-dentin beams (cross-sectional area 1 mm2). Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was evaluated after 24 h, 6 months, and 1 year of water storage at 37°C. The failure mode was categorized as adhesive, mixed, or cohesive. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS A12 presented the lowest DC% (p < 0.05). All the other adhesive systems showed statistically similar DC% (p > 0.05). All adhesive systems maintained resin-dentin bond stability after 6 months of water storage, while only A40 and E40 maintained it after 1 year. CONCLUSION Irrespective of the type of organic solvent, the incorporation of high concentrations of 4-META (40 wt%) improved the resin-dentin bond stability of the experimental etch-and-rinse adhesive systems over a period of 1 year.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"244 1","pages":"513-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74531502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Takamizawa, W. Barkmeier, A. Tsujimoto, H. Endo, K. Tsuchiya, R. Erickson, M. Latta, M. Miyazaki
PURPOSE To use shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing to determine the influence of phosphoric acid pre-etching times prior to application of self-etch adhesives on enamel bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two single-step self-etch universal adhesives (Prime&Bond Elect and Scotchbond Universal), a conventional single-step self-etch adhesive (G-ӕnial Bond), and a conventional two-step self-etch adhesive (OptiBond XTR) were used. The SBS and SFS were obtained with phosphoric acid pre-etching for 3, 10, or 15 s prior to application of the adhesives, and without pre-etching (0 s) as a control. A staircase method was used to determine the SFS with 10 Hz frequency for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. The mean demineralization depth for each treated enamel surface was also measured using a profilometer. RESULTS For all the adhesives, the groups with pre-etching showed significantly higher SBS and SFS than groups without pre-etching. However, there was no significant difference in SBS and SFS among groups with > 3 s of preetching. In addition, although the groups with pre-etching showed significantly deeper demineralization depths than groups without pre-etching, there was no significant difference in depth among groups with > 3 s of pre-etching. CONCLUSION Three seconds of phosphoric acid pre-etching prior to application of self-etch adhesive can enhance enamel bonding effectiveness.
{"title":"Influence of Pre-etching Times on Fatigue Strength of Self-etch Adhesives to Enamel.","authors":"T. Takamizawa, W. Barkmeier, A. Tsujimoto, H. Endo, K. Tsuchiya, R. Erickson, M. Latta, M. Miyazaki","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a37361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a37361","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To use shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing to determine the influence of phosphoric acid pre-etching times prior to application of self-etch adhesives on enamel bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two single-step self-etch universal adhesives (Prime&Bond Elect and Scotchbond Universal), a conventional single-step self-etch adhesive (G-ӕnial Bond), and a conventional two-step self-etch adhesive (OptiBond XTR) were used. The SBS and SFS were obtained with phosphoric acid pre-etching for 3, 10, or 15 s prior to application of the adhesives, and without pre-etching (0 s) as a control. A staircase method was used to determine the SFS with 10 Hz frequency for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. The mean demineralization depth for each treated enamel surface was also measured using a profilometer. RESULTS For all the adhesives, the groups with pre-etching showed significantly higher SBS and SFS than groups without pre-etching. However, there was no significant difference in SBS and SFS among groups with > 3 s of preetching. In addition, although the groups with pre-etching showed significantly deeper demineralization depths than groups without pre-etching, there was no significant difference in depth among groups with > 3 s of pre-etching. CONCLUSION Three seconds of phosphoric acid pre-etching prior to application of self-etch adhesive can enhance enamel bonding effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"33 1","pages":"501-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74622107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: The \"etch-and-rinse\" and \"self-etch\" camps.","authors":"B. Van Meerbeek, R. Frankenberger","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a37487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a37487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"37 1","pages":"463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81822746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSE To establish a fluorescence-based method to simultaneously assess micro-permeability and collagen cross-linking induced by chemical agents at the resin-dentin interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three chemical agents were investigated (proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract: GSE; carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide: EDC/NHS; glutaraldehyde: GD) along with a control (distilled water) as primers applied on flat occlusal dentin surfaces of 48 teeth and restored with two commercially available etch-and-rinse adhesives. Resin-dentin interfaces were polished and infiltrated with rhodamine-B solution for confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Parameters were chosen that would allow acquisition of a simultaneous appearance of collagen and interfacial micro-permeability (rhodamine-B). Fluorescence emission intensity (FEI) was converted into numerals and values were calculated for each group. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffe's and multiple comparisons tests (α = 0.05). T-tests with Pearson correlations were used to investigate correlations between collagen cross-linking and micro-permeability. RESULTS The FEI of collagen was the highest for GD, followed by GSE, with no significant differences between EDC/ NHS and the control group (p > 0.05). Micro-permeability was significantly affected by the adhesives (p < 0.05). Micro- permeability was the lowest for GSE groups, regardless of the adhesives (p < 0.001). Weak correlations were found between micro-permeability and collagen auto-fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS Non-enzymatic collagen cross-linking induced by GSE and GD can be detected by increased collagen auto-fluorescence, and results in reduced interfacial micro-permeability. Increased collagen auto-fluorescence was correlated with fluorescent collagen cross-links and decreased micro-permeability at the resin-dentin interface. Collagen auto-fluorescence is a useful tool to detect auto-fluorescent exogenous cross links and their potential impact on the quality of the resin-dentin interface.
{"title":"Assessing Collagen and Micro-permeability at the Proanthocyanidin-treated Resin-Dentin Interface.","authors":"B. Aydın, L. Hassan, G. Viana, A. Bedran-Russo","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a37359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a37359","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To establish a fluorescence-based method to simultaneously assess micro-permeability and collagen cross-linking induced by chemical agents at the resin-dentin interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three chemical agents were investigated (proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract: GSE; carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide: EDC/NHS; glutaraldehyde: GD) along with a control (distilled water) as primers applied on flat occlusal dentin surfaces of 48 teeth and restored with two commercially available etch-and-rinse adhesives. Resin-dentin interfaces were polished and infiltrated with rhodamine-B solution for confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Parameters were chosen that would allow acquisition of a simultaneous appearance of collagen and interfacial micro-permeability (rhodamine-B). Fluorescence emission intensity (FEI) was converted into numerals and values were calculated for each group. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffe's and multiple comparisons tests (α = 0.05). T-tests with Pearson correlations were used to investigate correlations between collagen cross-linking and micro-permeability. RESULTS The FEI of collagen was the highest for GD, followed by GSE, with no significant differences between EDC/ NHS and the control group (p > 0.05). Micro-permeability was significantly affected by the adhesives (p < 0.05). Micro- permeability was the lowest for GSE groups, regardless of the adhesives (p < 0.001). Weak correlations were found between micro-permeability and collagen auto-fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS Non-enzymatic collagen cross-linking induced by GSE and GD can be detected by increased collagen auto-fluorescence, and results in reduced interfacial micro-permeability. Increased collagen auto-fluorescence was correlated with fluorescent collagen cross-links and decreased micro-permeability at the resin-dentin interface. Collagen auto-fluorescence is a useful tool to detect auto-fluorescent exogenous cross links and their potential impact on the quality of the resin-dentin interface.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"529-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75684175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSE To evaluate the fracture strength and the failure mode of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite resin overlays with and without glass-fiber reinforcement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 32 extracted molars were divided into four equal groups. In the NFR-NFRC (no foundation restoration, no fiber-reinforced composite) and NFR-FRC (no foundation restoration, fiber-reinforced composite) groups, only a 5-mm-thick composite resin layer sealed the pulp chamber floors, whereas in the FR-NFRC (foundation restoration, no fiber-reinforced composite) and FR-FRC (foundation restoration, fiber-reinforced composite) groups, a 3.0-mm foundation restoration was used. NFR-NFRC and FR-NFRC groups were restored with composite resin overlays, whereas NFR-FRC and FR-FRC groups were restored with fiber-reinforced composite resin overlays. All specimens were subjected to mechanical loading in a computer-controlled masticator and then the fracture resistance was evaluated. Differences in means were compared using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at ɑ = 0.05. RESULTS All specimens successfully completed the fatigue test. The least fracture-resistant group was NFR-FRC, exceeded by FR-NFRC, NFR-NFRC, and FR-FRC, in that order, with FR-FRC being the most fracture-resistant group. Statistically significant differences were detected between the pairs NFR-NFRC/FR-FRC (p = 0.001), NFR-FRC/FR-FRC (p = 0.001), and FR-NFRC/FR-FRC (p = 0.001). Eight vertical root fractures occurred in group FR-NFRC, six in group NFR-NFRC, four in group NFR-FRC, and none occurred in group FR-FRC. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the incorporation of glass fibers and the presence of a foundation restoration were found to increase the fracture resistance and can favorably influence the fracture mode.
{"title":"Fracture Strength of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Composite Overlays with and without Glass-fiber Reinforcement.","authors":"C. Monaco, A. Arena, R. Scotti, I. Krejci","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a35908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a35908","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To evaluate the fracture strength and the failure mode of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite resin overlays with and without glass-fiber reinforcement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 32 extracted molars were divided into four equal groups. In the NFR-NFRC (no foundation restoration, no fiber-reinforced composite) and NFR-FRC (no foundation restoration, fiber-reinforced composite) groups, only a 5-mm-thick composite resin layer sealed the pulp chamber floors, whereas in the FR-NFRC (foundation restoration, no fiber-reinforced composite) and FR-FRC (foundation restoration, fiber-reinforced composite) groups, a 3.0-mm foundation restoration was used. NFR-NFRC and FR-NFRC groups were restored with composite resin overlays, whereas NFR-FRC and FR-FRC groups were restored with fiber-reinforced composite resin overlays. All specimens were subjected to mechanical loading in a computer-controlled masticator and then the fracture resistance was evaluated. Differences in means were compared using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at ɑ = 0.05. RESULTS All specimens successfully completed the fatigue test. The least fracture-resistant group was NFR-FRC, exceeded by FR-NFRC, NFR-NFRC, and FR-FRC, in that order, with FR-FRC being the most fracture-resistant group. Statistically significant differences were detected between the pairs NFR-NFRC/FR-FRC (p = 0.001), NFR-FRC/FR-FRC (p = 0.001), and FR-NFRC/FR-FRC (p = 0.001). Eight vertical root fractures occurred in group FR-NFRC, six in group NFR-NFRC, four in group NFR-FRC, and none occurred in group FR-FRC. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the incorporation of glass fibers and the presence of a foundation restoration were found to increase the fracture resistance and can favorably influence the fracture mode.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"81 1","pages":"143-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83897274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Esteves-Oliveira, P. Jansen, M. Wehner, A. Dohrn, M. BeLLO-siLva, C. P. Eduardo, H. Meyer-Lueckel
PURPOSE To evaluate the suitability of an ultra-short pulsed laser (USPL) to treat zirconia ceramic surfaces and increase their adhesion to dual-curing resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty 10 × 10 × 5 mm³ blocks were prepared from a zirconia ceramic (Y-TZP). The specimens were polished and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 5) which received the following surface treatments: sandblasting (SB) with Al₂O₃ particles and silica coating (SC) with SiO₂ particles as positive controls; two groups received USPL irradiation, one with 10 scan repetitions (L10) and the other with 20 (L20). Laser irradiation was performed at 1030 nm, 2.3 J/cm², 6 ps pulse duration. The ceramic blocks were duplicated in composite resin and cemented with a dual-curing resin cement. Half of the blocks were then stored in water (37°C) for 24 h and the other half for 1 month. At each time, 40 to 60 sticks per group were subjected to microtensile bond strength testing. Data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Laser-treated zirconia presented statistically significantly higher roughness than did SB and SC. After 24 h, the highest bond strength means (MPa) were achieved by L10 (42.3 ± 10.8) and L20 (37.9 ± 14.4), and both of them were statistically significantly higher than SB (22.0 ± 5.3) and SC (20.8 ± 7.1) (p < 0.05). After 1 month of storage, L10- and L20-treated zirconia still showed significantly higher bond strengths than did SB- and SC-treated zirconia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION USPL irradiation significantly increases bond strength of zirconia ceramic to dual-curing resin cement and might be an alternative for improving adhesion to this material.
{"title":"Surface Characterization and Short-term Adhesion to Zirconia after Ultra-short Pulsed Laser Irradiation.","authors":"M. Esteves-Oliveira, P. Jansen, M. Wehner, A. Dohrn, M. BeLLO-siLva, C. P. Eduardo, H. Meyer-Lueckel","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a36918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a36918","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To evaluate the suitability of an ultra-short pulsed laser (USPL) to treat zirconia ceramic surfaces and increase their adhesion to dual-curing resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty 10 × 10 × 5 mm³ blocks were prepared from a zirconia ceramic (Y-TZP). The specimens were polished and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 5) which received the following surface treatments: sandblasting (SB) with Al₂O₃ particles and silica coating (SC) with SiO₂ particles as positive controls; two groups received USPL irradiation, one with 10 scan repetitions (L10) and the other with 20 (L20). Laser irradiation was performed at 1030 nm, 2.3 J/cm², 6 ps pulse duration. The ceramic blocks were duplicated in composite resin and cemented with a dual-curing resin cement. Half of the blocks were then stored in water (37°C) for 24 h and the other half for 1 month. At each time, 40 to 60 sticks per group were subjected to microtensile bond strength testing. Data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Laser-treated zirconia presented statistically significantly higher roughness than did SB and SC. After 24 h, the highest bond strength means (MPa) were achieved by L10 (42.3 ± 10.8) and L20 (37.9 ± 14.4), and both of them were statistically significantly higher than SB (22.0 ± 5.3) and SC (20.8 ± 7.1) (p < 0.05). After 1 month of storage, L10- and L20-treated zirconia still showed significantly higher bond strengths than did SB- and SC-treated zirconia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION USPL irradiation significantly increases bond strength of zirconia ceramic to dual-curing resin cement and might be an alternative for improving adhesion to this material.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"24 1","pages":"483-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72689859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Question: What is the best surface conditioning and bonding protocol for indirect restorations manufactured from nanocomposite-based CAD/CAM blocks? Answer: Materials composed of ceramics and resin composite materials have been introduced for use in CAD/CAM technologies. Of these materials, machinable nanocomposite resin-based blocks are indicated for CAD/CAM-made indirect restorations and are claimed to represent a good alternative to brittle dental ceramics.1 Such blocks consist of zirconia/silica particles (80 wt%) embedded in a highly cross-linked resin matrix (20 wt%) and are claimed to combine the positive aspects of both ceramics and resin composites.8 Since they are less brittle, they present excellent machinability.8 For the adhesive cementation of restorations made of so-called nanocomposite or resin nanoceramic materials, limited published material is available, apart from manufacturers’ instructions. Thus, the following surface conditioning and bonding protocol could be recommended based on the available scientific reports:
{"title":"Surface Conditioning and Bonding Protocol for Nanocomposite Indirect Restorations: How and Why?","authors":"M. Özcan, C. Volpato","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a35629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a35629","url":null,"abstract":"Question: What is the best surface conditioning and bonding protocol for indirect restorations manufactured from nanocomposite-based CAD/CAM blocks? Answer: Materials composed of ceramics and resin composite materials have been introduced for use in CAD/CAM technologies. Of these materials, machinable nanocomposite resin-based blocks are indicated for CAD/CAM-made indirect restorations and are claimed to represent a good alternative to brittle dental ceramics.1 Such blocks consist of zirconia/silica particles (80 wt%) embedded in a highly cross-linked resin matrix (20 wt%) and are claimed to combine the positive aspects of both ceramics and resin composites.8 Since they are less brittle, they present excellent machinability.8 For the adhesive cementation of restorations made of so-called nanocomposite or resin nanoceramic materials, limited published material is available, apart from manufacturers’ instructions. Thus, the following surface conditioning and bonding protocol could be recommended based on the available scientific reports:","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"5 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89437510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana Foscaldo, G. B. dos Santos, L. Miragaya, M. Garcia, V. Hass, E. M. da Silva
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of dentin treatment using HEMA phosphate (HEMA-P) on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The occlusal surfaces of human molars were wet ground until superficial dentin was exposed. The specimens were then assigned to two groups according to dentin treatment: PA: 37% H₃PO₄ for 15 s; or HP: HEMA-P for 15 s. Adper Single Bond 2 was applied to the treated dentin surfaces and resin composite buildups were incrementally constructed over them. After 24-h storage in artificial saliva at 37°C, the bonded teeth were cut into resin-dentin sticks with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm², which were submitted to μTBS testing immediately or after 3 months of storage in artificial saliva at 37°C. Nanoleakage was assessed using SEM/EDS, and the interaction between dentin and H₃PO₄ or HEMA-P was evaluated by combining micro-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS HP presented significantly higher μTBS than PA at both times (p < 0.05). Both treatments maintained μTBS stability after 3 months of artificial saliva storage (p > 0.005). At both times, PA presented higher nanoleakage than HP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both dentin treatments maintained μTBS stability after 3 months of artificial saliva storage. The use of HEMA-P was associated with less nanoleakage than was traditional phosphoric-acid etching.
{"title":"Effect of HEMA Phosphate as an Alternative to Phosphoric Acid for Dentin Treatment Prior to Hybridization with Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive Systems.","authors":"Tatiana Foscaldo, G. B. dos Santos, L. Miragaya, M. Garcia, V. Hass, E. M. da Silva","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a36891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a36891","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of dentin treatment using HEMA phosphate (HEMA-P) on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The occlusal surfaces of human molars were wet ground until superficial dentin was exposed. The specimens were then assigned to two groups according to dentin treatment: PA: 37% H₃PO₄ for 15 s; or HP: HEMA-P for 15 s. Adper Single Bond 2 was applied to the treated dentin surfaces and resin composite buildups were incrementally constructed over them. After 24-h storage in artificial saliva at 37°C, the bonded teeth were cut into resin-dentin sticks with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm², which were submitted to μTBS testing immediately or after 3 months of storage in artificial saliva at 37°C. Nanoleakage was assessed using SEM/EDS, and the interaction between dentin and H₃PO₄ or HEMA-P was evaluated by combining micro-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS HP presented significantly higher μTBS than PA at both times (p < 0.05). Both treatments maintained μTBS stability after 3 months of artificial saliva storage (p > 0.005). At both times, PA presented higher nanoleakage than HP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both dentin treatments maintained μTBS stability after 3 months of artificial saliva storage. The use of HEMA-P was associated with less nanoleakage than was traditional phosphoric-acid etching.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"17 1","pages":"425-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87017150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Fraga, S. Oliveira, G. Pereira, P. Beekman, M. Rippe, C. Kleverlaan
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a silicone disclosing procedure performed at different timepoints on the shear bond strength (SBS) of cements (self-adhesive composite cement, self-etch composite cement, resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement) to different substrates (zirconia, lithium disilicate, bovine dentin). MATERIALS AND METHODS The substrate/cement combinations were assigned to two groups (n = 15) according to the timepoint, at which the vinyl polyether silicone disclosing agent was applied: after (experimental groups, EXP) or before (control groups, CTRL) specific micromechanical treatments of the substrate surface. To increase standardization, the cements were applied into rubber rings (2.2 mm diameter x 1.0 mm thickness) positioned on the substrate surface. After luting procedures, all specimens were stored in 37°C distilled water for 24 h, then subjected to SBS testing using a wire loop of 0.2 mm diameter at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Failure analysis was performed for all tested specimens. SBS data were submitted to Weibull analysis. RESULTS The silicone disclosing procedure performed after micromechanical surface treatment reduced the characteristic shear bond strength to zirconia and lithium disilicate when compared to CTRL. However, for dentin specimens, there was no significant difference between CTRL and EXP for any of the cements investigated. Failure analysis showed a predominance of interfacial failures. CONCLUSION The silicone disclosing procedure performed after the micromechanical treatment of ceramic surfaces negatively affected the cement bond strength. Therefore, after using it to check the fit of a prosthesis, clinicians should carefully clean the ceramic surface.
目的评价不同时间点硅胶暴露对胶结剂(自粘复合胶结剂、自蚀刻复合胶结剂、树脂增强玻璃离子胶结剂)与不同基质(氧化锆、二硅酸锂、牛牙本质)剪切结合强度(SBS)的影响。材料与方法将基材/水泥组合根据使用乙烯基聚醚硅酮揭露剂的时间点分为两组(n = 15):在基材表面进行特定微力学处理之后(实验组，EXP)或之前(对照组，CTRL)。为了提高标准化，将水泥应用于位于基板表面的橡胶圈(直径2.2 mm x厚度1.0 mm)中。处理完毕后，将所有标本在37℃蒸馏水中保存24 h，然后用0.2 mm直径的钢丝环以1 mm/min的十字速度进行SBS测试，直至失效。对所有试样进行失效分析。SBS数据提交Weibull分析。结果微机械表面处理后的硅酮揭露程序与CTRL相比，降低了氧化锆和二硅酸锂的特征剪切结合强度。然而，对于牙本质标本，对于所调查的任何胶结物，CTRL和EXP之间没有显着差异。失效分析显示界面失效占主导地位。结论对陶瓷表面进行微机械处理后进行硅酮揭露会对水泥粘结强度产生负面影响。因此，临床医生在使用它检查假体的配合度后，应仔细清洁陶瓷表面。
{"title":"Silicone Disclosing Material used after Ceramic Surface Treatment Reduces Bond Strength.","authors":"S. Fraga, S. Oliveira, G. Pereira, P. Beekman, M. Rippe, C. Kleverlaan","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a37358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a37358","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a silicone disclosing procedure performed at different timepoints on the shear bond strength (SBS) of cements (self-adhesive composite cement, self-etch composite cement, resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement) to different substrates (zirconia, lithium disilicate, bovine dentin). MATERIALS AND METHODS The substrate/cement combinations were assigned to two groups (n = 15) according to the timepoint, at which the vinyl polyether silicone disclosing agent was applied: after (experimental groups, EXP) or before (control groups, CTRL) specific micromechanical treatments of the substrate surface. To increase standardization, the cements were applied into rubber rings (2.2 mm diameter x 1.0 mm thickness) positioned on the substrate surface. After luting procedures, all specimens were stored in 37°C distilled water for 24 h, then subjected to SBS testing using a wire loop of 0.2 mm diameter at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Failure analysis was performed for all tested specimens. SBS data were submitted to Weibull analysis. RESULTS The silicone disclosing procedure performed after micromechanical surface treatment reduced the characteristic shear bond strength to zirconia and lithium disilicate when compared to CTRL. However, for dentin specimens, there was no significant difference between CTRL and EXP for any of the cements investigated. Failure analysis showed a predominance of interfacial failures. CONCLUSION The silicone disclosing procedure performed after the micromechanical treatment of ceramic surfaces negatively affected the cement bond strength. Therefore, after using it to check the fit of a prosthesis, clinicians should carefully clean the ceramic surface.","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"51 1","pages":"545-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74148649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Academy for Adhesive Dentistry (IAAD).","authors":"M. Blatz","doi":"10.3290/j.jad.a37486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a37486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94234,"journal":{"name":"The journal of adhesive dentistry","volume":"12 Suppl 4 1","pages":"555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83521567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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