Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne最新文献

The history of trade has numerous examples of movement of diseases and pests. Nations institute barriers to protect human, animal, and plant populations from incursions; sometimes successfully, sometimes not. The World Trade Organization and international standard-setting bodies (ISSB) are multilateral organizations that promote equitable treatment and safe trade. Equivalence of outcome is a concept that crosses animal, human, and environmental health standards. Loosely defined, it is taken to mean achieving a similar reduction in risk by different methods. Countries conduct assessments known as health infrastructure evaluations (HIE) to allow safe trade in commodities of food, plant, and animal origin. This review analyzes the use of HIE for trade purposes, with an added focus on their One Health context. The goal is to identify areas of HIE in which a One Health approach could assist in achieving the goal of "treating like partners alike," thereby fostering transparent decision-making in trade negotiations, a key obligation under World Trade Organization rules.

A 10-year-old neutered male cross-bred cat was referred to our clinic for a solid mass tightly fixed to the right side of the thoracic wall from the 2nd to 4th ribs. Computed tomography revealed the mass had remarkable calcifications and arose from the 3rd costal cartilage. After removal, it was diagnosed histopathologically as a multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO). For tumor resection, extremely wide surgical margins included 6 costal cartilages and 3 sternal segments were required; however, the tumor was successfully resected, followed by reconstruction of the thoracic wall using artificial materials. The cat recovered uneventfully and was good in health for ~4 y. This is apparently the first report of surgical resection of MLO from the costal cartilage of a cat. Key clinical message: To our knowledge, this is the first report of MLO from the costal cartilage in a cat, demonstrating aggressive surgical resection despite extremely wide surgical margins.

Objective: The objective of this prospective observational research project was to have dairy producers use and assess the utility of a cull cow evaluation form.

Animals: Cull dairy cows.

Procedure: Veterinarians were recruited to enrol a purposively selected group of dairy producers into a project to evaluate a cull cow evaluation form. Producers were provided with evaluation forms and asked to complete a form for every cow they culled from their herd from January to June 2017, inclusive.

Results: A total of 44 producers used the form to record information on 323 cows prior to transport.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: Despite the completion of 323 forms, only ~1/3 were completed fully, with compliance highest for body condition score, lameness, and temperature recordings (> 90% of forms). A cull cow evaluation form may improve the thoroughness and consistency of dairy producer assessment of cull dairy cows for fitness for transport.

A 16-year-old castrated male shih tzu dog was brought to the emergency service because of an acute (24 h) history of gagging, coughing, and lethargy. Physical examination revealed dyspnea concurrent with diffuse, bilateral, pulmonary crackles and wheezes. Oxygen saturation, measured with a pulse oximeter, was < 95%. Thoracic radiographs revealed a multifocal alveolar pattern superimposed over a diffuse interstitial pattern with normal heart size. The dog continued to be dyspneic despite oxygen therapy. In accordance with the radiographic findings, further supportive care was recommended. Due to the unknown prognosis and financial constraints, the owner elected humane euthanasia. Necropsy confirmed a pheochromocytoma and lung changes without evidence of congestive heart failure. Findings were consistent with diffuse alveolar damage. These findings correlated with the dog's clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). No other disease processes associated with ARDS were identified. The purpose of this case report is to describe an unusual presentation of ARDS likely associated with a pheochromocytoma and confirmed by necropsy. Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with a pheochromocytoma has been described in medical literature but has never been reported in veterinary medicine. Key clinical message: Pheochromocytomas should be added to the list of risk factors associated with ARDS in dogs. Dogs with a suspected diagnosis of pheochromocytoma whose owners elect against surgical removal should be closely monitored for an acute onset of respiratory distress, which could suggest the development of ARDS.

Objective: This study compared clinical and immunological responses to coinfection challenge of beef calves mucosally primed and differentially boosted with commercial combination vaccines containing antigens against bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine parainfluenza virus Type 3 (BPIV3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV).

Animals: Nineteen commercial beef heifers.

Procedure: At birth, calves were mucosally (IN) primed with modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines, differentially boosted by injection of either combination MLV (IN-MLV) or inactivated virus (IN-KV) vaccines at a mean age of 44 d, and then challenged by coinfection with BCoV, BPIV3, and BRSV at weaning.

Results: Both groups were similarly protected from clinical disease and had anamnestic neutralizing antibody responses to all 3 viruses. The IN-KV group shed more BCoV, and less BPIV3 and BRSV, than the IN-MLV group.

Conclusion: These data indicated similar clinical and immunological protection between IN-MLV and IN-KV; however, shed of virus varied.

Clinical relevance: Whereas boosting with KV or MLV appeared to have similar efficacy, viral shed differences may affect disease control.