Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne最新文献

Background: Perianesthetic death or sedation death in companion animals is an infrequent but devastating complication. Few studies have investigated the pathology associated with these deaths.

Objective: To determine clinical features and postmortem findings for submissions to multiple Canadian diagnostic laboratories from perianesthetic/sedation deaths in dogs and cats.

Animals and procedure: Laboratory Information Management Systems were retrospectively reviewed for cases of perianesthetic/sedation death in dogs and cats. Inclusion criteria were: i) whole-body submissions and ii) death within 7 d after the procedure.

Results: Pathology reports determined the cause of death in 43% of dogs (73/168) and 34% of cats (50/147). Spay/neuter surgeries were the most common procedure for which animals were submitted (dogs: n = 72, 31%; cats: n = 111, 58%). The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status in these animals was low (ASA status I or II) in 94% of dogs (68/72) and 93% of cats (103/111). Clinical history was considered incomplete in 60.3% of cases (242/401).

Conclusion and clinical relevance: These results had similar trends to those in previous studies that identified an important proportion of submissions for perianesthetic/sedation deaths lacked significant lesions to explain the cause of death. This study also identified spay/neuter procedures were involved in the largest proportion of submissions, despite their low pre-anesthetic/sedation risk.

A 10-year-old spayed female bull terrier was brought to a veterinary referral center with abdominal pain. An abdominal ultrasound and CT scan identified a foreign body in the spleen. The object was removed via an ultrasound-guided procedure using Hartmann foreign-body forceps, avoiding the need for laparotomy. The procedure was uncomplicated. The animal was discharged after 24 h of inpatient monitoring and repeated ultrasound examinations. The dog was in good general condition 2 mo after the procedure, with no recurrence of clinical signs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of ultrasound-guided removal of a splenic foreign body in a dog. Key clinical message: Ultrasound-guided removal is an alternative method to remove splenic foreign bodies in dogs that is quick to perform and minimally invasive.

An 8-year-old spayed female Maltese dog was referred with a 4-month history of multifocal pruritic erosive or ulcerative lesions on the head, ventral neck, chest, and abdomen; and chronic otitis externa. Biopsy revealed cytotoxic dermatitis and apoptotic keratinocytes with occasional lymphocytic satellitosis. Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the skin and ears. The skin lesions regressed after treatment of P. aeruginosa infection with ciprofloxacin. Based on the skin lesions, histological characteristics, and response to therapy, the dog was presumed to have erythema multiforme induced by P. aeruginosa infection. This case report emphasizes that P. aeruginosa infection could be a trigger of erythema multiforme in dogs. Key clinical message: Erythema multiforme caused by infection is rare and poorly characterized in the veterinary literature. This case report describes the clinical characteristics of, diagnostic approach to, and treatment of erythema multiforme caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This report describes the management and outcome of periaortic hemangiosarcoma in a dog. An 8-year-old neutered male Siberian husky was referred for surgical intervention for an incidentally diagnosed caudal mediastinal mass. The dog was initially admitted for total ear-canal ablation due to a chronic unresolved left otitis externa/media. A head and chest CT scan obtained before surgery revealed an incidental, but large, caudal mediastinal mass. This scan also incidentally included most of the abdomen and showed no primary abdominal lesions. The dog underwent surgical excision of the caudal mediastinal mass 8 d after the CT scan. Surgery consisted of a lateral thoracotomy to excise the caudal mediastinal mass before considering surgical treatment of the ear. Complete surgical excision of the periaortic mass was completed. Histopathology revealed a diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma. The owners declined chemotherapy and the dog was euthanized 86 d later because of owner-perceived declining quality of life. Key clinical message: This case report describes, for the first time, successful surgical management and outcome for periaortic hemangiosarcoma. We propose that surgical excision of this type of mass is possible in a clinical setting, with prognosis similar to that for other visceral hemangiosarcoma.

Objective: Retrospective observation of computed tomographic images to describe an anatomical difference in the shape of the pterygoid bone in French bulldogs (FB) and determine its prevalence and effect on the cross-sectional area of the airway, in comparison with normal conformation in brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs.

Animals and procedure: Computed tomographic studies of FB and cocker spaniels (CS) that underwent examination of the head were reviewed. The shape and cross-sectional area of the pterygoid bone was recorded and compared between groups.

Results: Thirty-six CS and 34 FB were included. In 79.41% (27/34) of FB, there was an abnormal shape of the pterygoid bone in comparison with all 36 CS, which had a normal shape of the pterygoid bone. Only 20.58% (7/24) of FB had a normal shape. The cross-sectional area of the airway at the level of the pterygoid bone for FB was 88.78 mm². The area was larger in FB with normal shape (average: 95.70 mm², SD ± 15.98) than those with abnormal shape (average: 86.98 mm², SD ± 20.32), though this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Cocker spaniels had a larger airway cross-sectional area than dogs in both FB groups, with a mean of 142.28 mm² (± 24.87) and P < 0.05.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: French bulldogs frequently have an abnormal conformation of the pterygoid bone. This study identified further anatomical factors that might contribute to upper-airway obstruction in brachycephalic dogs.