Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne最新文献

The Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System (CAHSS) is a collaborative network that gathers and uses surveillance data to monitor animal health, reduce disease impacts, and inform national priorities. Beef cattle practitioners, industry professionals, and veterinary epidemiologists collaborated to establish the primary animal health and welfare surveillance priorities for the beef sector over the next 5 y. A 4-step process with meetings, surveys, and a modified DISCONTOOLS rubric was used to set surveillance goals and to prioritize diseases and other issues for the Canadian beef industry. In order of decreasing importance, 18 beef surveillance priorities were identified: i) antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) stewardship; ii) AMR for bovine diseases; iii) feed availability and cost; iv) regulatory changes affecting trade; v) bovine respiratory disease (BRD); vi) nutrition, including trace minerals and water; vii) Mycoplasma bovis/dispar; viii) mortality rates (crude, case specific); ix) feedlot cattle purchasing practices affecting disease rates; x) histophilosis; xi) lameness; xii) neonatal diarrhea; xiii) chronic disease and timely culling/euthanasia; xiv) colostral immunity and management; xv) pain control practices; xvi) pregnancy rates; xvii) growth performance rates; and xviii) cattle handling practices. Beef network priorities were shared with the CAHSS beef network, along with a comprehensive list of ongoing initiatives and identified data gaps to guide surveillance, research, and stakeholder communications, including those with bovine practitioners.

An 8-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for exploration of a renal mass. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a thick, anechoic, and irregular band partially encapsulating the left kidney with a thick echoic capsule and numerous thick echoic striations. Cytologic examination revealed moderate serosanguineous and chronic inflammatory effusion without atypical cells or causative agents. Swelling around several digits of both forelimbs and a small eyelid nodule appeared several days later. Radiographs of both forelimbs revealed aggressive osteolytic lesions of the distal phalanges of several weight-bearing digits. Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable. Despite the aggressive digital lesions, the owners decided to pursue the laparoscopy on the same day. The content of the cyst-like mass around the left kidney was aspirated, and the thick and firm wall was fenestrated. The ventral aspect of the wall was resected as much as possible. Histopathologic analysis revealed an ill-defined renal cell carcinoma with marked necrosis and suspected vascular embolization, as well as a solid carcinoma with respect to the eyelid lesion. Cytologic analysis of the digital lesions revealed malignant carcinomatous infiltration, presumed to be metastatic due to the multiple locations of the lesions. Key clinical message: Multifocal digital metastases may have a primary neoplastic origin other than pulmonary in cats. In the presence of multiple and aggressive digital lesions in a cat with no lung mass, the search for a primary tumor other than pulmonary must be carried out.

An 8-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog weighing 29.7 kg was presented because of peracute restlessness. Abdominal radiographs revealed mild gastric gas dilation. Thoracic radiographs demonstrated a mild caudodorsal mediastinal mass effect with moderate cranial mediastinal widening and mild accompanying pleural effusion. Pleural fluid cytology was consistent with hemorrhage (packed cell volume: 58%). Computed tomography revealed findings consistent with active pancreatitis and a noninvasive, pre-contrast hyperattenuating, non-enhancing caudodorsal mediastinal mass suggestive of an acute hematoma of unknown etiology. The dog was discharged for supportive care of pancreatitis and the mediastinal lesion was monitored. One month later, the dog was presented for a follow-up computed tomographic reevaluation. A persistent caudodorsal mediastinal mass with findings suggestive of an acute or chronic hematoma was appreciable. A newly noted nodular lesion in close association with the presumed hematoma became evident. In addition, new multifocal pulmonary nodules were visualized. Both findings were concerning for a caudodorsal mediastinal neoplasia with ongoing hemorrhage and pulmonary metastasis. The owners elected for supportive care without further diagnostic tests. The dog was presented again 3 wk later because of restlessness and a newly observed, rapidly growing subcutaneous mass that ultimately led to the decision for humane euthanasia. Histopathology of the caudodorsal mediastinal mass was consistent with hemangiosarcoma. This is a unique case report of a primary caudodorsal mediastinal hemangiosarcoma in which the initial diagnostic imaging only revealed a secondary hematoma, and the primary neoplastic lesion eventually became evident on a recheck imaging study. Key clinical message: Primary hemangiosarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a caudal mediastinal hematoma. Furthermore, given the progression of findings in this case, follow-up imaging is recommended in cases in which a cause of a mediastinal hemorrhage or hematoma is not identified with initial imaging.

Objective: This study compared complication rates and owner satisfaction following enucleation versus evisceration with intraocular prosthesis (EIOP) in dogs. The aim was to increase knowledge of both procedures in the literature.

Animals and procedure: We conducted a medical review of records for 138 dogs presented to the ophthalmology service of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal (Quebec) that underwent either enucleation from 2015 to 2022 or EIOP from 2008 to 2022. A survey of owner satisfaction conducted by email or telephone was done at the time of data collection, 4.1 ± 2.1 y (mean ± SD) post-enucleation and 11.8 ± 4.2 y post-EIOP.

Results: There was a difference in the complication rate between the 2 procedures, with EIOP much more prone to complications than enucleation (54.1 versus 15.3%; P < 0.001). No variable tested had a significant effect on the complication rate (age, size, sex, comorbidities, or brachycephalic syndrome). Further, the average duration of administration of topical medication after EIOP in this study (0.49 y) was much longer than intervals mentioned in the literature. The owner survey revealed similar levels of satisfaction regarding the postoperative outcomes of both procedures.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: Both procedures are viable options, but it is important to clearly communicate to the owner the complication risks and implications for providing extended postoperative care after EIOP. We concluded that EIOP can be a controversial procedure. Further, enucleation can produce a very satisfactory cosmetic result with a much-reduced postoperative burden.

Two dogs from the same household were referred to the emergency service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse for evaluation of acute onset of flaccid tetraparesis. At the time of presentation, the dogs were recumbent. Neurological examination revealed lower motor neuron deficits in all 4 limbs. Treatment consisted of supportive care. The 2 dogs recovered completely within 1 mo. Epidemiology, history, clinical signs, and clinical progression were suggestive of botulism. As Clostridium botulinum C/D was identified in the feces of both dogs using PCR, botulism was the most likely diagnosis. The source of contamination could not be determined; however, a sheep carcass in the dogs' environment was suspected. This case report details clinical signs, neurological examination findings, diagnostic test results, treatment, and outcome of 2 dogs with PCR-confirmed C. botulinum C/D infection. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of botulism C/D confirmed with PCR in dogs. Key clinical message: Testing with PCR should be incorporated into the diagnostic workups of dogs suspected of having botulism.

Background: Excessive tibial torsion contributes to medial patellar luxation (MPL) in dogs. Total proximal tibial osteotomy in juveniles is intended to correct this deformity while preserving the integrity of the growth plates.

Objective: To evaluate outcomes of juvenile dogs with MPL after total proximal tibial osteotomy.

Animals and procedure: Four stifles from 3 juvenile dogs were analyzed. Retrospective cases were evaluated, focusing on stifle extensor mechanism (SEM) alignment, femoral and tibial measurements, patellar stability, and surgical complications.

Results: The mean external tibial torsion was 31.87° ± 10.53°. Postoperatively, SEM alignment was achieved in all cases, and tibial alignment between 0° and 5° was maintained during radiographic follow-up. No complications occurred and weight-bearing returned early, with optimal outcomes by Day 30. Patellar reluxation was not observed. Long-term follow-up revealed sustained SEM and tibial alignment after physeal line closure.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: Total proximal tibial osteotomy shows promise for the management of MPL associated with excessive tibial torsion in juvenile dogs. This technique may offer a reliable surgical alternative to traditional methods, promoting early recovery and long-term tibial realignment in young dogs with MPL.