Canadian Veterinary Journal-revue Veterinaire Canadienne最新文献

A 7-year-old spayed female Corgi dog was presented for care 1.5 h after ingestion of chocolate brownies (theobromine dosage: 88.3 mg/kg, BW). Physical examination revealed mild tachycardia and hyperthermia. Vomiting was induced, and the dog was treated with maropitant and activated charcoal with sorbitol (1.9 g/kg, BW, PO) prior to ER transfer. Tremors and seizures were noted 4.5 h following ingestion. Despite rehydration, treatment with activated charcoal containing no sorbitol (0.9 g/kg, BW, PO) resulted in the dog's serum sodium concentration quickly elevating [Na: 174 mmol/L; reference range (RR): 144 to 160 mmol/L]. The dog developed neurologic signs and azotemia. Treatment included customized fluid therapy, anticonvulsant medications, positive pressure ventilation, and administration of emergency drugs related to a near-arrest event. With continued care, the dog was discharged 57 h following admission. One month following discharge, the dog had mild vestibular signs remaining that resolved 10 mo after discharge. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case that documents a dog developing severe hypernatremia following activated charcoal therapy related to chocolate toxicosis. The case details may be helpful to clinicians treating similar complex toxicity, those interested in potential neurologic recovery following severe hypernatremia, and those who are seeking insights into risk factors for developing hypernatremia with activated charcoal therapy. Key clinical message: A case of chocolate toxicity and severe hypernatremia following activated charcoal therapy highlights that patients which have ingested an osmotically active toxin, such as chocolate, especially those at risk of dehydration, may be at increased risk for hypernatremia following activated charcoal therapy. If activated charcoal is used in such complex cases, frequent monitoring of patient's electrolytes and neurologic status is recommended to minimize the risk of development of life-threatening hypernatremia.

The problem of a high stillbirth rate on a swine farm was investigated. A review of production records revealed an average litter size of 13 pigs born alive and 1.5 stillborn pigs, with stillbirth rates higher for litters from older sows. However, the average parity of the sows studied was only 2.7, indicating a young herd. Backfat measurements indicated many sows were over-conditioned, but body condition was not associated with stillbirth rate. Sows that farrowed during working hours produced fewer stillbirths compared to sows farrowing when no personnel were in the barn to assist. Induction of parturition using an injection of prostaglandin after gestation Day 114 was commonly practiced and resulted in longer farrowing durations for induced sows compared to non-induced sows (P = 0.001) and a trend toward more stillbirths (P < 0.1). Sows that were induced to farrow were no more likely to farrow during working hours than non-induced sows. Key clinical message: It was suggested that, in order to reduce stillbirth rates in this herd, it would be advisable to extend the hours of supervision during the days on which most farrowing was expected to occur.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in dogs weighing < 15 kg with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH).

Animals: The study included 34 dogs, each weighing < 15 kg, diagnosed with PDH, and undergoing TSS at our facility between 1999 and 2021.

Procedure: Postoperative assessments included fatal complications within 4 wk, the extent of mass resection, the duration of central diabetes insipidus, long-term survival, and duration of remission.

Results: Five dogs died within 4 wk after TSS. Complete resections were completed in 28 dogs, whereas 6 dogs underwent partial resection. Factors associated with partial resection included a higher pituitary-to-brain ratio (odds ratio: 112 705.8; P = 0.014). The median duration of central diabetes insipidus after TSS was 9.5 d. The median long-term postoperative survival was 1228 d. The estimated censored survival rates were 83 and 69% at 1 and 2 y postoperatively, respectively. Recurrence of PDH was observed in 2 dogs, with a median postoperative remission duration of 1188 d. Estimated recurrence-free rates were 90 and 90% at 1 and 2 y postoperatively, respectively.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: Transsphenoidal surgery is an effective treatment for PDH in dogs weighing < 15 kg, particularly when the pituitary gland is small.

A case of postpartum spontaneous hepatic bleeding in a dog is described and compared to a similar condition that occurs in humans (HELLP syndrome). The bitch developed vague symptoms of weakness and anorexia 7 d postpartum. Clinical pathology test identified anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. An ultrasound examination revealed peritoneal effusion with fluid analysis, consistent with a hemoabdomen. Exploratory laparotomy identified hepatic bleeding from multiple liver lobes as well as a friable uterus. No other abnormalities were detected. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of postpartum spontaneous hepatic bleeding in a dog. Key clinical message: In this report, we describe and compare the findings in this case to a well-described condition (HELLP syndrome) in humans that also causes hepatic bleeding as a severe complication.

Objective: Aerosol medications are recommended for use in dogs and cats. Perceived pet intolerance to a face mask/spacer might prevent clinicians from recommending them, and thus prevent owners from using them. Our goal was to evaluate the duration required to train a pet to accept a face mask/spacer.

Animals and procedure: Pet owners with no experience using a face mask/spacer were recruited. Pet owners applied the face mask/spacer q12h and graded each attempt on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 = "not tolerated" and 5 = "perfect compliance." "Compliance" was defined as the animal tolerating the face mask/spacer with minimal or no restraint for a duration of at least 10 breaths for 4 separate treatments over 2 d. Time to compliance and overall compliance were calculated.

Results: Forty-four pets were enrolled and 43 completed the study. All dogs achieved compliance with a median time of 4 d (range: 2 to 18 d). Eighteen of 20 cats achieved compliance with a median time of 6 d (range: 2 to 19 d).

Conclusion: Habituation to face masks/spacers was easily achieved in dogs and almost all cats.

Clinical relevance: Concern over pet or owner acceptance should not be an obstacle to prescribing inhaled medications. Most animals could be habituated to a face mask/spacer within 19 d.

A 12-week-old intact male golden retriever dog was referred to our clinic with a history of recurrent diarrhea and rectal prolapse and because of a suspected intussusception. An abdominal ultrasound was conducted to confirm the suspicion of an intussusception. An exploratory laparotomy identified a jejuno-ileo-cecal-colic intussusception that was manually reduced. A 3-centimeter, abnormal cystic lesion was noted to be arising from the mesentery of the distal jejunum and ileum, just orad to the cecum. The cystic lesion and associated intestinal segment were resected, and the histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with a mesenteric lymphatic malformation. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a mesenteric lymphatic malformation associated with intussusception in a dog. Key clinical message: Our findings suggest that mesenteric lymphatic malformations should be considered when cystic structures are associated with intussusceptions in young dogs.

A 12-year-old neutered male pit bull crossbreed dog was presented because of a right caudal maxillary swelling. Computed tomographic imaging of the skull and revealed a right maxillary mass with lysis of the medial wall of the right orbit and rostral aspect of the zygomatic bone. A biopsy was done, and histopathology results were consistent with a mixed odontogenic tumor. The mass was resected with a caudal maxillectomy and partial inferior orbitectomy with 1-centimeter lateral margins. A transposition flap of the masseter fascia was performed to stabilize the globe. The cosmetic and functional outcomes were excellent during an in-person clinical examination 2 wk postoperatively and at a follow-up 1 y postoperatively (telephone communication with the owner). Key clinical message: The use of the masseter fascia as a transposition flap after a caudal maxillectomy and partial inferior orbitectomy proved successful for orbital stabilization in a dog.