Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation最新文献

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles with various biological activities that can accelerate wound healing by regulating inflammatory responses, promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and other mechanisms. Among them, plant and animal exosomes have demonstrated unique advantages due to their biological characteristics. Plant exosomes have gradually become a research hotspot due to their wide source, high biosafety, and low production cost, demonstrating significant pro-healing potential. In addition, animal exosomes, especially human-derived stem cell exosomes, have shown excellent results in promoting wound repair and have become the focus of clinical research. This review explores the mechanism of action of these exosomes and their application prospects in wound healing, providing theoretical support for future research and clinical applications.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease with an overall incidence of between 1 in 5,000 newborn males. Carriers may manifest progressive muscle weakness, resulting from the progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles, generating cardiac and respiratory disorders. Considering the lack of effective treatments, different therapeutic approaches have been developed, such as protein synthesis and extracellular matrix derivatives that can be used to improve muscle regeneration, maintenance, or repair. At the same time, the use of other anti-inflammatory drugs or biological agents to replace corticosteroids conjugated to these extracellular matrix derivatives may act more effectively in controlling the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Extracellular matrix-derived peptides (eg laminin-111 derivatives) and the use of essential oils with antiinflammatory activity in polymeric particles for application in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy are discussed. For this purpose, the literature of patents and scientific articles from 2012- 2024 on LM-111 peptides and Duchenne muscular dystrophy was reviewed. Many patents focus on palliative technologies that seek to prolong the progressive effects of the disease, considering the control of the inflammatory process. The technological and scientific prospecting suggests the need for continuous research on systems that can serve as a treatment for Dystrophy.

Breast cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with conventional therapies frequently hindered by resistance mechanisms and undesirable side effects. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of polyphenols-naturally occurring compounds recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties-as alternative or complementary treatments for breast cancer. We examine the molecular pathways through which polyphenols exert their effects, including their influence on oxidative stress modulation, inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and estrogen receptor signalling. Additionally, this review addresses innovative nano-based drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, and phytosomes that enhance the stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of polyphenols. These advanced formulations aim to overcome challenges related to polyphenol degradation, low solubility, and rapid systemic clearance, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Through a detailed analysis, we assess the contributions of various nanocarriers in optimizing the delivery of polyphenols specifically to breast cancer cells while minimizing systemic toxicity. The evidence presented highlights the potential of polyphenols in breast cancer management, further supported by nanoformulations that improve both stability and delivery efficiency.

The development of precise and reliable cancer treatments has been a long-standing goal in oncology. Conventional therapies often affect healthy tissues, leading to significant side effects. To overcome these challenges, researchers are exploring new methodologies that combine advanced drug delivery systems with state-of-the-art imaging technologies to target tumors more effectively. This study aims to investigate a novel approach that integrates smart drug delivery systems with real-time imaging modalities. The goal is to enhance the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues while improving the overall efficacy of cancer treatments. Smart drug delivery systems are designed to transport medications directly to tumor sites, enhancing treatment precision. When combined with real-time imaging tools such as MRI, CT, PET, and molecular imaging, these systems offer real-time data on the tumor's location, size, and response to treatment. This allows for immediate adjustments in therapy, ensuring optimal drug delivery and reducing side effects. However, the implementation of this approach also faces challenges, including the need for stringent safety protocols and adherence to regulatory standards. The integration of advanced drug delivery systems with cutting-edge imaging technologies presents a promising approach to cancer therapy. By enabling more precise treatment targeting and reducing adverse effects, this strategy has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes in the fight against cancer.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) represent a promising advancement in the treatment of breast cancer, addressing the significant challenges posed by conventional chemotherapy, such as poor drug solubility, short half-lives, and high toxicity. This review delves into the potential of NLCs to overcome these limitations, highlighting their unique structure comprising a solid and lipid liquid core stabilized by surfactants. By examining diverse lipid blends used in the preparation of NLCs, the article emphasizes their suitability for targeted drug delivery. Various facets of NLC configuration, categorization, composition, and formulation approaches are systematically explored to provide a comprehensive understanding of their attributes. The findings reveal that NLCs possess a high capacity for lipophilic drugs and offer advantages over traditional lipid-based nanocarriers. The review underscores the pivotal role of NLCs in enhancing drug delivery efficiency for breast cancer therapy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Conclusively, this review positions NLCs as a key player in the evolution of drug delivery systems for breast cancer treatment, providing a detailed outlook on their transformative potential and contributing to a nuanced understanding of their significance in advancing the field of breast cancer treatment.

Introduction: Chitosan is a biocompatible, mucoadhesive, and biodegradable polymer widely used for various purposes due to its biological activity and safety. The current study aimed to formulate Chitosan microspheres and conduct an in-vitro evaluation of their cytotoxicity. The concept is focused on targeted gut delivery and biological activities in gut microbiota remodelling.

Methods: The formulations were comprehensively characterized, encompassing SEM for surface morphology, particle size analysis, and FT-IR for structural understanding. Along with biological activity and cytotoxicity studies, dissolution efficiency was considered to understand release kinetics potential and accelerated stability studies to predict formulation shelf-life.

Results: The formulation showed smooth spherical surface morphology with an average size range of 30.0 ± 5.0 μm and a charge of 20.35 ± 0.35 mV. Further, functional and thermal properties were determined using FT-IR and DSC, respectively. The microspheres showed a potent prebiotic potential in gut flora isolated and processed from a faecal sample of Wistar rats with prolonged release characteristics in the dissolution study. A cytotoxicity study using rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC6) indicated that 40 mg /kg of microspheres could be considered an optimal dose for an in-vivo study.

Conclusion: The formulation demonstrated promising pharmaceutical applicability due to its potential prebiotic nature and slow release into the gut environment. After a thorough in vivo study, the microspheres can be broadly used to restore gut dysbiosis due to their potential prebiotic activities in various diseases and disorders, including but not limited to obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiometabolic disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, commonly known as niosomes, have gained significant attention in the field of drug delivery because of their unique properties and advantages. Niosomes are self-assembled vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol that can entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs within their aqueous core or bilayer. This versatile drug delivery system offers improved stability, prolonged release profiles, reduced toxicity, and enhanced efficacy for a wide range of therapeutic agents. This comprehensive article delves into the structure, function, classification, and advances in niosomes for enhanced drug delivery. It explores various nonionic surfactants used for niosome formulation and discusses their impact on encapsulation efficiency and stability. Moreover, it highlights the application of niosomes in the delivery of small molecules, proteins, and plant-derived natural products. This article provides an overview of the different formulation methods employed for niosome preparation and discusses recent advancements that have expanded their potential applications in targeted drug delivery systems.

Background: Norfloxacin (NFX) is a wide-spectrum antibacterial agent that suffers from low water solubility and first-pass metabolism. This diminishes its oral bioavailability by 60-70%.

Objective: This work aims to formulate a topical gel of NFX-loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (NFX-LPHNPs) that combine the merits of liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles to overcome these problems.

Methods: NFX-LPHNPs formulations were developed using Precirol ATO (lipid) and Eudragit RL100 (polymer). They were characterized for particle size, uniformity of distribution, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and in-vitro release. Box-Behnken design was applied to study sequentially different variables' impact on material attributes. Then the optimized formula was re-evaluated, and incorporated in an HPMC-gel formulation. The gel formulation was evaluated for its physical properties, in vitro-release, and antibacterial activity.

Results: NFX-LPHNPs exhibited particle sizes ranging from 28.92 to 730.30 nm. Particles were uniformly distributed with a positively charged surface (indicated by zeta potential with values from +3.91 to +60.2 mV). Formulations showed a % cumulative drug release of 87.9-100% in 8 h. The optimized formula showed a satisfied fit of measured-to-predicted responses with 159 nm particle size, 92.61% release and 79.2% entrapment efficiency. Gel formulation showed a sustained release over 24h. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed enhanced activity of NFX-LPHNPs against these pathogens compared to bare NFX loaded gel.

Conclusion: These results illustrated the high potential of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles to improve NFX activity against resistant pathogens common in burn infections. Moreover, the topical application helps overcome Norfloxacin oral-associated problems.