Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation最新文献

Nanoparticles are now well-known in several medical domains, including biomedical research. On account of their biocompatibility and stability, green synthesis, which is a process for the production of nanoparticles that is favourable to the environment, has garnered substantial attention. The process of green synthesis is not only an environmentally friendly alternative, but also provides a route to the production of potent medicinal molecules. Green nanotechnology has a bright future, as it has the potential to improve medical treatment and promote environmental sustainability by harnessing the force of nature. The therapeutic applications of inorganic nanoparticles derived from natural resources such as bacteria, fungi, and plants are investigated in this review. In the realm of nanoparticles, gold, silver, and platinum are considered the most significant. Each of these three elements possesses distinctive qualities that render it suited for particular medical uses. As a more environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to conventional medications, the review highlights the promise of green synthesis.

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a long-lasting, inflammatory, and itchy skin disease related to asthma, hay fever, and a family history of the condition. It is the most common chronic skin disease in children, affecting 18% of 7-year-olds. The prevalence of AD in children in the United States is 17.2%, which is comparable to that in Europe and Japan. Greater socioeconomic groupings, fewer families, and metropolitan areas all have higher AD prevalence rates. It is thought that a mix of environmental and genetic factors produces the condition. The gene that codes for the skin matrix protein filaggrin is the most strongly linked genetic link currently identified with AD. Increased water loss due to AD-induced breakdown of the skin barrier leads to dry skin, heightening vulnerability to microbial colonization, allergy sensitization, and infection. PDE4, an intracellular enzyme present in inflammatory cells, is greater in persons with active AD and latent allergic rhinitis. Consequently, crisaborole, a PDE4 inhibitor, raises intracellular cAMP levels, activating Protein Kinase A (PKA), suggesting potential therapeutic options for the dysregulated inflammatory cycle associated with this disease. Thus, Crisaborole should be regarded as the safest and most effective option for treating atopic dermatitis. Crisaborole's specific mechanism, safety profile, and effectiveness in interrupting the inflammatory cycle make it an attractive treatment alternative, according to this study. Crisaborole is presented here as a potential remedy to address the research gap: the need for safer, more efficient therapies that target inflammatory pathways in AD.

Introduction: In clinical practice, several commercial drug-eluting stent products have limitations during the early drug-release phase due to the phenomenon of initial burst release (IBR), which may increase the risk of restenosis. This experimental study utilized a multilayer strategy with genipin-crosslinked chitosan as the polymer and curcumin as the drug to address these limitations.

Methods: Based on the forward speed of the rotary drive (7, 8, and 9 mm/s), ultrasonic coating was used to create uniform layers, followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a release study. Validation of the analytical method confirmed the reliability of the UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique.

Results: The release data modeled with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model show Super Case II transport via relaxation/erosion. The Peppas-Sahlin model indicates that Fickian diffusion dominated the first 6-7 days, after which polymer relaxation became dominant. At 9 mm/s, Fickian diffusion persisted for up to seven days, whereas at 7 and 8 mm/s, it was limited to the first six days.

Discussion: The multilayer system maintains matrix integrity during drug release, preventing initial burst release. Once the mechanism shifts from diffusion to relaxation, no burst is observed. The zero-order model fit confirms that the design reflects a controlled-release profile.

Conclusion: The strategy demonstrates controlled release without initial burst.

Neuropathy, a devastating disorder of the peripheral nervous system, results in pain, numbness, and weakness, profoundly impacting quality of life. Conventional therapies provide insufficient alleviation, requiring targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) to improve effectiveness and reduce adverse effects. This review examines diverse TDDS methodologies, encompassing intrathecal therapy, radiofrequency ablation, and spinal cord stimulation, in conjunction with innovations in nanotechnology-driven delivery systems. Nanotechnology offers a novel framework for neuropathy treatment, including nanomaterials such as dendrimers, micelles, polymer nanoparticles, liposomes, hydrogels, and quantum dots. These carriers enhance drug encapsulation, cellular absorption, and sustained release, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and minimizing systemic toxicity. Gene therapy presents a promising approach, targeting the modulation of neuropathic pathways and facilitating neuron regeneration. Although it remains in preliminary research stages, it holds potential for future therapies, especially in diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, transdermal drug delivery offers a non-invasive method to deliver drugs directly to targeted regions, enhancing bioavailability and patient adherence. The integration of nanotechnology, gene therapy, and transdermal administration has the potential to transform neuropathy treatment by providing more accurate and effective medicines. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to fully exploit the promise of TDDS and improve care and quality of life for patients with neuropathy.

Introduction: Diabetes is a condition linked to inadequate synthesis or operation of insulin, a peptide hormone produced by the β cells in the pancreatic islets. Subcutaneous administration remains the most popular mode of administration. With the SC route, non-compliance by patients is common. In an attempt to lower the barrier to oral insulin administration, a number of produced. The present review is to gather information from current researchers on oral insulin delivery in order to make it more bioavailable as an injection that is not painful and does not harm to skin as well.

Method: The content is taken from Scifinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Springer Nature, Bentham Science, PLOS One, MEDLINE, and the NCBI database, etc. Results: Insulin delivery is a major concern nowadays. Due to various drawbacks of subcutaneous injection, academia and industrial researchers are working on oral insulin delivery. Numerous novel formulation of oral delivery of insulin is compiled, like nanoparticles, microspheres, liposomes, hydrogel, and niosomes, focused on the effectiveness of dose-dependent therapy that delivers oral insulin that is equivalent to subcutaneous insulin.

Discussion: In contrast to the conventional method, novel delivery approaches may improve oral insulin administration. The role of polymers plays an important role in the delivery of insulin through novel approaches.

Conclusions: In this review, we summarize pathophysiology, types, and routes of oral insulin administration, and treatment methods related to oral delivery. Furthermore, we discuss all above mentioned delivery approaches in detail.

Introduction: Conventional drug delivery systems often release drugs immediately at an uncontrolled rate, failing to maintain a sustained and effective concentration at the site of action. This limitation necessitates the exploration of more advanced delivery technologies.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and patent repositories, including the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The inclusion criteria covered peer-reviewed articles, patents, and relevant studies. Data were extracted using a standardized form to ensure consistency and reliability across sources.

Results: Osmotic-controlled drug delivery systems have demonstrated the ability to overcome limitations of conventional methods by providing sustained drug release over extended periods. Core components of these systems include drugs, osmotic agents, semipermeable membranes, plasticizers, wicking agents, and pore-forming agents. Key formulation parameters such as drug solubility, orifice size, and osmotic pressure play a pivotal role in controlling drug release rates.

Discussion: Various fabrication methods, such as mechanical or laser drilling, indentation, and the inclusion of leaching substances, can be employed to create delivery apertures in osmotic pumps. This review offers insights into both historical and recent patents related to osmotic-controlled delivery systems, highlighting their potential to revolutionize sustained-release formulations.

Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of osmotic-controlled drug delivery systems to improve therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance by enabling sustained and controlled drug release. Key formulation components and recent technological innovations, including patents, are highlighted for their role in enhancing system performance and guiding future pharmaceutical development.

Solid Dispersions have become an important tool for improving the bioavailability and solubility of drugs that are poorly water soluble in water, especially those classified as BCS class II and IV. Due to advanced manufacturing techniques and patented innovations, the applicability of solid dispersions has increased. A detailed literature search was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Patents and Science Direct. This review paper analyzes the modern manufacturing techniques and patented innovations used for the preparation of solid dispersion. Modern manufacturing techniques such as solvent evaporation, spray drying, hot melt extrusion, electrospinning and supercritical fluid methods have significantly enhanced the consistency, safety, stability and scalability of solid dispersions. Additionally, patented innovations such as MeltrexTM, KinetiSol, etc., have broadened their potential use in pharmaceutical formulations. Long term stability, recrystallization and process scalability continue to be major obstacles despite these developments. Continued innovations in manufacturing techniques and stability enhancement strategies are important for a safe and stable formulation.

Nanoemulsion gel, a novel method of delivering medication through the skin, is gaining popularity in the pharmaceutical industry. Phytoconstituents derived from plants possess diverse therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The problem with delivering bioactive phytoconstituents lies in their poor solubility, limited permeability, reduced bioavailability, and instability. Nanoemulgel addresses these challenges by enhancing solubility, increasing bioavailability through improved absorption, offering targeted delivery to specific sites, and providing protection against degradation, ultimately improving the efficacy and therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents. Nanoemulsions are nano-sized emulsions with droplet sizes ranging from 20 to 500 nm, offering an innovative platform for delivering phytoconstituents. Nanoemulsions have great potential applications in the treatment of various diseases, the food industry, and cosmetics due to their properties, which enhance the solubility and absorption of phytoconstituents. This review highlights the major research on various phytoconstituent-based nanoemulgel for their multidimensional applications. Here, we review methods for preparing nanoemulsions, including the high-energy approach and the low-energy approach, and also discuss the stability of nanoemulsions. Furthermore, we discuss 33 bioactive phytoconstituents loaded nanoemulgel for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, inflammation, wound healing, and skin disorders. Additionally, 11 bioactive phytoconstituent-based nanoemulgels were reported for their miscellaneous benefits in numerous disease conditions, confirming that nanoemulsions enhance solubility, absorption, and bioavailability.