Introduction: Diabetes is a condition linked to inadequate synthesis or operation of insulin, a peptide hormone produced by the β cells in the pancreatic islets. Subcutaneous administration remains the most popular mode of administration. With the SC route, non-compliance by patients is common. In an attempt to lower the barrier to oral insulin administration, a number of produced. The present review is to gather information from current researchers on oral insulin delivery in order to make it more bioavailable as an injection that is not painful and does not harm to skin as well.
Method: The content is taken from Scifinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Springer Nature, Bentham Science, PLOS One, MEDLINE, and the NCBI database, etc. Results: Insulin delivery is a major concern nowadays. Due to various drawbacks of subcutaneous injection, academia and industrial researchers are working on oral insulin delivery. Numerous novel formulation of oral delivery of insulin is compiled, like nanoparticles, microspheres, liposomes, hydrogel, and niosomes, focused on the effectiveness of dose-dependent therapy that delivers oral insulin that is equivalent to subcutaneous insulin.
Discussion: In contrast to the conventional method, novel delivery approaches may improve oral insulin administration. The role of polymers plays an important role in the delivery of insulin through novel approaches.
Conclusions: In this review, we summarize pathophysiology, types, and routes of oral insulin administration, and treatment methods related to oral delivery. Furthermore, we discuss all above mentioned delivery approaches in detail.
Introduction: Conventional drug delivery systems often release drugs immediately at an uncontrolled rate, failing to maintain a sustained and effective concentration at the site of action. This limitation necessitates the exploration of more advanced delivery technologies.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and patent repositories, including the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The inclusion criteria covered peer-reviewed articles, patents, and relevant studies. Data were extracted using a standardized form to ensure consistency and reliability across sources.
Results: Osmotic-controlled drug delivery systems have demonstrated the ability to overcome limitations of conventional methods by providing sustained drug release over extended periods. Core components of these systems include drugs, osmotic agents, semipermeable membranes, plasticizers, wicking agents, and pore-forming agents. Key formulation parameters such as drug solubility, orifice size, and osmotic pressure play a pivotal role in controlling drug release rates.
Discussion: Various fabrication methods, such as mechanical or laser drilling, indentation, and the inclusion of leaching substances, can be employed to create delivery apertures in osmotic pumps. This review offers insights into both historical and recent patents related to osmotic-controlled delivery systems, highlighting their potential to revolutionize sustained-release formulations.
Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of osmotic-controlled drug delivery systems to improve therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance by enabling sustained and controlled drug release. Key formulation components and recent technological innovations, including patents, are highlighted for their role in enhancing system performance and guiding future pharmaceutical development.
Solid Dispersions have become an important tool for improving the bioavailability and solubility of drugs that are poorly water soluble in water, especially those classified as BCS class II and IV. Due to advanced manufacturing techniques and patented innovations, the applicability of solid dispersions has increased. A detailed literature search was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Patents and Science Direct. This review paper analyzes the modern manufacturing techniques and patented innovations used for the preparation of solid dispersion. Modern manufacturing techniques such as solvent evaporation, spray drying, hot melt extrusion, electrospinning and supercritical fluid methods have significantly enhanced the consistency, safety, stability and scalability of solid dispersions. Additionally, patented innovations such as MeltrexTM, KinetiSol, etc., have broadened their potential use in pharmaceutical formulations. Long term stability, recrystallization and process scalability continue to be major obstacles despite these developments. Continued innovations in manufacturing techniques and stability enhancement strategies are important for a safe and stable formulation.
Nanoemulsion gel, a novel method of delivering medication through the skin, is gaining popularity in the pharmaceutical industry. Phytoconstituents derived from plants possess diverse therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The problem with delivering bioactive phytoconstituents lies in their poor solubility, limited permeability, reduced bioavailability, and instability. Nanoemulgel addresses these challenges by enhancing solubility, increasing bioavailability through improved absorption, offering targeted delivery to specific sites, and providing protection against degradation, ultimately improving the efficacy and therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents. Nanoemulsions are nano-sized emulsions with droplet sizes ranging from 20 to 500 nm, offering an innovative platform for delivering phytoconstituents. Nanoemulsions have great potential applications in the treatment of various diseases, the food industry, and cosmetics due to their properties, which enhance the solubility and absorption of phytoconstituents. This review highlights the major research on various phytoconstituent-based nanoemulgel for their multidimensional applications. Here, we review methods for preparing nanoemulsions, including the high-energy approach and the low-energy approach, and also discuss the stability of nanoemulsions. Furthermore, we discuss 33 bioactive phytoconstituents loaded nanoemulgel for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, inflammation, wound healing, and skin disorders. Additionally, 11 bioactive phytoconstituent-based nanoemulgels were reported for their miscellaneous benefits in numerous disease conditions, confirming that nanoemulsions enhance solubility, absorption, and bioavailability.
Introduction: Diabetes, a widespread condition, wreaks havoc on the body's systems over time, particularly affecting nerves and blood vessels, leading to a weakened immune system. According to data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the top three countries with the highest number of diabetics in 2019 were China (116.4 million), India (77.0 million), and the United States (31 million). This article explores the pivotal role of phytosomes, cutting-edge nanotechnology, in addressing diabetes mellitus. This review aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of phytosomes, a novel nanotechnology, in managing diabetes mellitus and addressing its associated physiological challenges.
Method: A thorough literature review was performed, encompassing research papers, clinical studies, and relevant data on diabetes and phytosomes. The focus is on understanding phytosomes' benefits and the complexities involved in diabetes management.
Result: Phytosomes have emerged as a game-changer in diabetes mellitus, offering superior efficacy compared to traditional dosage forms. Their unique properties, including small particle size, enhanced cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity, potent anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities, as well as excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, position them as a promising therapeutic approach.
Discussion: Phytosomes significantly enhanced the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of plant-based compounds, thereby mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
Conclusion: By leveraging the advanced capabilities of phytosomes, healthcare practitioners can potentially overcome the challenges associated with diabetes, paving the way for improved patient outcomes and enhanced public health.
Intramuscular magnetic field-driven therapies are a novel means for drug delivery, and, specifically, for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. With this paradigm shift, the drug delivery system is intended to overcome the limitations of conventional systemic therapies and deliver the drug with precision to the site of action. Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems (MDDS) take advantage of specific properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to increase drug localisation and penetration within tissues using external magnetic fields, that is, ensuring targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the target tissues in a controlled and efficient manner. In this review, MDDS was applied to hyperlipidaemia management, including Orlistat-enhanced magnetic systems for lipid-lowering therapy. Green chemistry advances, biomimetic coatings and intelligent carriers are discussed in the synthesis and design of magnetic nanoparticles. Computational models, in vitro techniques, and animal studies that represent preclinical innovations are explored to demonstrate the translational potential of these systems. Long-term nanoparticle stability and biocompatibility are given special attention, and ethical, regulatory and safety concerns are critically analysed. Finally, this review explored the potential of next-generation technologies like magnetoelectric nanoparticles, AI-driven magnetic field modulation, and integration with wearable health technology to illuminate a new path towards personalised and targeted therapy.
Introduction: Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) systems offer a patient-friendly alternative to oral and injectable routes by enhancing bioavailability and bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism. Nanoemulgels, which integrate nanoemulsions with gel matrices, provide improved drug solubilization, stability, and skin permeation. Incorporating both herbal components, such as Nigella sativa oil, and synthetic permeation enhancers, presents a synergistic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents like colchicine.
Methods: This review critically evaluates the formulation, pharmacological benefits, and permeation- enhancing strategies of nanoemulgels containing colchicine. Literature was selected from major scientific databases, emphasizing studies that investigated the combined effects of herbal and synthetic excipients on drug delivery and therapeutic performance.
Results: Evidence indicates that nanoemulgels incorporating Nigella sativa oil and pharmaceuticalgrade permeation enhancers significantly improve colchicine's dermal absorption, sustain drug release, and reduce systemic toxicity. The synergistic interaction between natural bioactives and synthetic agents enhances both anti-inflammatory activity and skin permeability.
Discussion: The dual role of Nigella sativa as an anti-inflammatory and natural permeation enhancer, when paired with synthetic excipients, demonstrates superior pharmacodynamic outcomes. This integrated approach enhances the therapeutic index of colchicine while minimizing adverse effects.
Conclusion: Combining herbal oils like Nigella sativa with pharmaceutical excipients in nanoemulgel systems represents a robust strategy for transdermal delivery. This platform improves drug penetration, stabilizes formulation performance, and amplifies therapeutic efficacy, offering a transformative alternative for chronic inflammatory conditions such as gout.
For centuries, injections have been the primary method for vaccination; however, these traditional approaches present challenges due to pain, fear, and difficulties in administration. Scientists from Stanford University have developed vaccine creams, representing a revolutionary approach to the field of vaccination. Genetically modified Staphylococcus epidermidis forms the basis of these cream products, which support skin-based, painless vaccination without invasive procedures, while playing an essential role in the immune response. Scientists using tetanus as a test subject have obtained positive data from animal studies demonstrating effective immune responses to vaccination, indicating potential future applications for treating diseases, such as influenza, COVID-19, and cancer. Vaccination creams outperform classic injections in several ways, as they eliminate needle-related concerns while reducing adverse reactions, streamlining mass vaccination programs, and making the delivery of immunizations simpler, especially for populations that lack regular access to healthcare. Several key barriers continue to hinder the development of vaccine creams, including regulatory hurdles, stability concerns, production scalability, and public acceptance. Research discusses how vaccine creams revolutionize immunization processes by improving treatment accessibility, affordability, and broader acceptance rates.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：