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Pathogenicity and enzyme screening of some selected non-dermatophytic moulds. 一些选定的非皮炎霉菌的致病性和酶筛选。
Pub Date : 2024-07-08 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000683.v5
C N Nwofor, N E Onyenwe, C B Osuoha

Ten non-dermatophytic moulds isolated from both symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle skin, including Penicillum citrinum, Aspergillus welwitschiae, Aspergillus aculeatus, Curvularia kusanol, Cladosporium teniussmum, Pestalotiopsis microspora, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium linchenicola, Absidia sp. and Aspergillus fumigatus, were subjected to a pathogenicity test using albino mice. These isolates were also screened for five enzymes using a standard plate method. Results from pathogenicity tests showed that Absidia sp., Cladosporium tenuissimum and Aspergillus welwitschiae were able to elicit discoloration, lesion production and alopecia on the albino mice skin, respectively, providing evidence of clinical symptoms associated with cutaneous mycoses. The enzyme screening results revealed the highest zone of activity for keratinase (65 mm), amylase (86 mm), protease (60 mm), lipase (60 mm) and cellulase (86 mm) which were observed on Pestalotiopsis microspora, Aspergillus welwitschiae, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Aspergillus welwitschiae and Aspergillus welwitschiae respectively. Pathogenicity tests showed that some of these moulds may be virulent and this can be attributed to their possession of some virulence factors, including secretion of hydrolytic enzymes.

利用白化小鼠对从有症状和无症状的牛皮中分离出的 10 种非皮癣霉菌进行了致病性试验,这些霉菌包括柠檬青霉、韦氏曲霉、钝顶曲霉、库桑醇曲霉、天牛孢霉、微孢镰刀菌、氧孢镰刀菌、林肯镰刀菌、Absidia sp.和烟曲霉。还用标准平板法对这些分离物进行了五种酶的筛选。致病性试验结果表明,Absidia sp.、Cladosporium tenuissimum 和 Aspergillus welwitschiae 能够分别引起白化小鼠皮肤变色、产生病变和脱发,提供了与皮肤真菌病相关的临床症状的证据。酶筛选结果显示,角质酶(65 毫米)、淀粉酶(86 毫米)、蛋白酶(60 毫米)、脂肪酶(60 毫米)和纤维素酶(86 毫米)的活性区最大,分别出现在 Pestalotiopsis microspora、Aspergillus welwitschiae、Cladosporium tenuissimum、Aspergillus welwitschiae 和 Aspergillus welwitschiae 上。致病性试验表明,其中一些霉菌可能具有毒性,这可能是因为它们具有一些致病因子,包括分泌水解酶。
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引用次数: 0
Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection: a case report. 侵袭性化脓性链球菌感染:病例报告。
Pub Date : 2024-07-08 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000767.v3
Samia Bazhar, Yassine ElBenaissi, Elmostafa Benaissa, Yassine Ben Lahlou, Mariama Chadli

The Group A Streptococcus (GAS), also known as Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), is a human pathogen causing various infections, ranging from mild, such as tonsillitis and impetigo, to severe and invasive conditions like septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis. Despite a decline in incidence and severity during the twentieth century due to antibiotics, there has been a reported increase in severe cases since the 1980s in industrialized countries. S. pyogenes is a human pathogen with a natural reservoir in the pharynx and skin, exhibits asymptomatic carriage in various body sites. It is responsible for a spectrum of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic carriage to severe invasive infections. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact with skin lesions. Bacteriologically, S. pyogenes is a Gram-positive β-hemolytic streptococcus. This summary highlights a case of invasive Group A Streptococcus infection in a 28-year-old diagnosed at the microbiology laboratory of the Mohammed V Military Training Hospital in Rabat, Morocco. A 28-year-old patient, without any specific medical history, presented with acute febrile oligoarthritis. Following a recent flu-like syndrome and febrile tonsillitis, the patient experienced asymmetric inflammatory oligoarthralgia affecting the left knee, left ankle, and right shoulder, accompanied by functional impairment of the left lower limb. Upon admission, clinical examination revealed swelling, positive patellar tap, and sternal involvement. Laboratory and imaging findings indicated an abscessed collection in the left knee and anterior mediastinitis. Emergency aspirations revealed Group A Streptococcus, specifically Streptococcus pyogenes, leading to a diagnosis of septic arthritis. Dual antibiotic therapy and knee joint drainage resulted in symptom resolution after 45 days. The rise in severe Group A Streptococcus infection underscores the need for early detection and treatment. Widely sharing the French High Council for Public Health's antibiotic prophylaxis recommendations is crucial for awareness. Collaborating between clinicians and microbiologists is essential for effective management.

A 组链球菌(GAS)又称化脓性链球菌(S. pyogenes),是一种人类病原体,可引起各种感染,轻者如扁桃体炎和脓疱疮,重者如败血症和坏死性筋膜炎等侵袭性疾病。尽管在二十世纪,由于抗生素的使用,化脓性链球菌感染的发病率和严重程度有所下降,但自二十世纪八十年代以来,在工业化国家,据报道严重病例有所增加。化脓性链球菌是一种人类病原体,在咽部和皮肤有天然贮存库,在身体各部位有无症状携带。它可导致一系列临床表现,从无症状携带到严重的侵入性感染。传播途径是通过呼吸道飞沫或直接接触皮肤病变部位。细菌学上,化脓性链球菌是一种革兰氏阳性的β-溶血性链球菌。本摘要重点介绍摩洛哥拉巴特穆罕默德五世军事训练医院微生物实验室确诊的一例 28 岁侵袭性 A 群链球菌感染病例。患者 28 岁,无特殊病史,因急性发热性少关节炎就诊。继最近的流感样综合征和发热性扁桃体炎后,患者出现了非对称性炎性少关节痛,影响到左膝、左踝和右肩,并伴有左下肢功能障碍。入院时,临床检查发现肿胀、髌骨拍击阳性和胸骨受累。实验室和影像学检查结果显示,患者左膝有脓肿积聚,并伴有前纵隔炎。紧急抽吸发现了 A 组链球菌,特别是化脓性链球菌,诊断为化脓性关节炎。双重抗生素治疗和膝关节引流术使患者在 45 天后症状缓解。严重的 A 型链球菌感染率的上升凸显了早期发现和治疗的必要性。广泛传播法国公共卫生高级委员会的抗生素预防建议对提高人们的认识至关重要。临床医生和微生物学家之间的合作对于有效管理至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Methods to assess antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral surfaces in relation to touch and droplet transfer: a review, gap-analysis and suggested approaches. 评估与触摸和飞沫传播有关的抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒表面的方法:综述、差距分析和建议方法。
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000804.v3
Alexander J Cunliffe, Peter Askew, Gillian Iredale, Abby Marchant, James Redfern

To help assess whether a potentially antimicrobial material, surface, or coating provides antimicrobial efficacy, a number of standardised test methods have been developed internationally. Ideally, these methods should generate data that supports the materials efficacy when deployed in the intended end-use application. These methods can be categorised based on their methodological approach such as suspension tests, agar plate/zone diffusion tests, surface inoculation tests, surface growth tests or surface adhesion tests. To support those interested in antimicrobial coating efficacy, this review brings together an exhaustive list of methods (for porous and non-porous materials), exploring the methodological and environmental parameters used to quantify antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral activity. This analysis demonstrates that antimicrobial efficacy methods that test either fungi or viruses are generally lacking, whilst methods that test bacteria, fungi and viruses are not designed to simulate end-use/lack realistic conditions. As such, a number of applications for antimicrobial activity across medical touch screens, medical textiles and gloves and transport seat textiles are explored as example applications, providing guidance on modifications to existing methods that may better simulate the intended end-use of antimicrobial materials.

为了帮助评估潜在的抗菌材料、表面或涂层是否具有抗菌功效,国际上已经制定了许多标准化的测试方法。理想情况下,这些方法所产生的数据应能证明材料在预期最终用途中的功效。这些方法可根据其方法论进行分类,如悬浮试验、琼脂平板/区域扩散试验、表面接种试验、表面生长试验或表面附着力试验。为了支持那些对抗菌涂层功效感兴趣的人,本综述汇集了一份详尽的方法清单(适用于多孔和无孔材料),探讨了用于量化抗菌、抗真菌或抗病毒活性的方法和环境参数。这项分析表明,目前普遍缺乏测试真菌或病毒的抗菌功效方法,而测试细菌、真菌和病毒的方法也不是为了模拟最终用途而设计的,缺乏现实条件。因此,我们以医疗触摸屏、医用纺织品和手套以及运输座椅纺织品为例,探讨了抗菌活性的一些应用,为修改现有方法提供指导,以便更好地模拟抗菌材料的预期最终用途。
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引用次数: 0
Notification of bacterial strains made available by the United Kingdom National Collection of Type Cultures in 2022. 2022 年英国国家类型培养物保藏中心提供的细菌菌株通知。
Pub Date : 2024-07-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000756.v3
Jake David Turnbull, Jo Dicks, Rachael Adkin, Alexander Dickinson, Dorota Kaushal, Mojisola Semowo, Hannah McGregor, Sarah Alexander

Here, we report on the one hundred and twenty-five bacterial strains made available by the National Collection of Type Cultures in 2022 alongside a commentary on the strains, their provenance and significance.

在此,我们报告了 2022 年国家模式培 养菌种保藏中心提供的 125 株细菌菌种,并对这些菌种及其来源和意义进行了评述。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between microbial population ATP and quantitative PCR bioburdens in diesel fuel microcosms. 柴油微生态系统中微生物种群 ATP 与定量 PCR 生物因子之间的关系。
Pub Date : 2024-07-04 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000695.v4
Frederick J Passman, Jordan Schmidt, Danika Nicoletti

Historically, fuel microbiology studies have relied on culture data. Potentially relevant but unculturable bacteria were not detected. Although ATP can quantify total microbial bioburdens in fuels, it cannot differentiate among the taxa present. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) testing promises to fill this gap by quantifying targeted amplicon sequences thereby detecting both culturable and non-culturable taxa and quantifying specifically targeted taxa. In this study, fluid samples drawn from the fuel, interface and water phases of fuel over water microcosms were tested for cellular ATP concentration ([cATP]) and qPCR bioburdens. Additionally, surface swab samples from steel corrosion coupon surfaces exposed to each of these three phases were collected and tested for total ATP concentration ([tATP]) and qPCR bioburdens. Statistical relationships between ATP and qPCR bioburdens were examined. Correlation coefficients between the two variables were matrix dependent and ranged from negligible (|r|=0.2) to strong (|r|=0.7). When results were categorized into negligible, moderate and heavy bioburdens, parameter agreement was again matrix dependent. Percentage agreement between [ATP] and qPCR gene copies ranged from 11 % to 89 % - with qPCR-bioburden ratings typically being greater than ATP-bioburden ratings.

一直以来,燃料微生物学研究都依赖于培养数据。潜在相关但无法培养的细菌未被检测到。虽然 ATP 可以量化燃料中的微生物生物菌总量,但它无法区分存在的类群。定量 PCR(qPCR)测试有望通过量化目标扩增片段序列来填补这一空白,从而检测可培养和不可培养的类群,并量化特定的目标类群。在本研究中,对从燃料、界面和水相的燃料过水微生态系统中提取的流体样本进行了细胞 ATP 浓度([cATP])和 qPCR 生物因子检测。此外,还收集了暴露于这三个阶段的钢腐蚀试样表面的表面拭子样本,并对总 ATP 浓度([tATP])和 qPCR 生物因子进行了检测。研究了 ATP 和 qPCR 生物因子之间的统计关系。两个变量之间的相关系数取决于矩阵,范围从可忽略(|r|=0.2)到强(|r|=0.7)不等。当结果分为可忽略、中等和重度生物负载时,参数的一致性同样取决于矩阵。ATP] 和 qPCR 基因拷贝之间的一致百分比从 11% 到 89% 不等,qPCR-生物负载等级通常高于 ATP-生物负载等级。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing Blood Culture Contamination Rates: Introduction of a Combined Education and Skin Antisepsis Intervention 降低血培养污染率:采用教育与皮肤防腐相结合的干预措施
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000806.v3
Niamh Mullane, Niall O'Mara, Darragh Coffey, Aine Connolly, Isabelle O'Callaghan, Deborah Kelly, Deirdre Broderick, Caitriona Hickey
Background. Blood culture contamination (BCC) is an important quality concern in clinical microbiology as it can lead to unnecessary antimicrobial therapy in patients and increased workload for laboratory scientists. The Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute recommend BCC rates to be <3 % and recently updated guidelines have set a new goal of 1 %. The aim of this project was to design and implement interventions to reduce BCC rates at our institution. Methods. We introduced a combined education and skin antisepsis intervention in a large Model 4 academic teaching hospital in the South of Ireland. BD ChloraPrep skin antisepsis applicators (2 % chlorhexidine gluconate/70 % isopropyl alcohol), licensed for use for blood culture specimen collection, were introduced, replacing Clinell (2 % chlorhexidine gluconate/70 % isopropyl alcohol) wipes. In addition, a multimodal education programme was designed and delivered. This consisted of a video demonstrating the recommended blood culture specimen collection technique using the new applicators as well as simulation training for all interns. The video was uploaded to the intranet as an educational resource available to all staff. Results. The interventions were implemented in July 2022 and BCC rates pre- and post-intervention were calculated. The average BCC rate for the 12 months preceding the intervention (July 2021 to July 2022) was 2.56 % with highest rates in the Emergency Department. This compared to an average rate of 2.2 % in the 12 months post-intervention (July 2022 to July 2023). In comparing the two rates the reduction in BCC rates between the two periods was not statistically significant (P=0.30). Conclusion. Overall BCC rates reduced but the difference between the two periods did not reach statistical significance. The resource-intensive nature of providing regular and timely feedback of contamination rates and the larger impact of in-person education and training over virtual modalities may explain the modest reduction. Further investments in these areas, particularly in the Emergency Department, will be necessary to further reduce rates in line with new recommendations.
背景。血液培养污染(BCC)是临床微生物学的一个重要质量问题,因为它可能导致患者接受不必要的抗菌治疗,并增加实验室科学家的工作量。临床实验室与标准协会建议 BCC 的发生率为 <3%,最近更新的指南将新目标设定为 1%。本项目旨在设计和实施干预措施,以降低本机构的 BCC 感染率。 方法。我们在爱尔兰南部的一家大型四级教学医院引入了教育与皮肤防腐相结合的干预措施。我们引进了获得许可用于血液培养标本采集的 BD ChloraPrep 皮肤防腐涂抹器(2% 葡萄糖酸氯己定/70% 异丙醇),取代了 Clinell(2% 葡萄糖酸氯己定/70% 异丙醇)湿巾。此外,还设计并实施了一项多模式教育计划。其中包括一段视频,演示了使用新涂抹器采集血培养标本的推荐技术,并对所有实习生进行了模拟培训。该视频已上传到内联网,作为教育资源提供给所有员工。 结果。干预措施于 2022 年 7 月实施,并计算了干预前后的 BCC 感染率。干预前 12 个月(2021 年 7 月至 2022 年 7 月)的平均 BCC 率为 2.56%,其中急诊科的 BCC 率最高。相比之下,干预后 12 个月(2022 年 7 月至 2023 年 7 月)的平均 BCC 感染率为 2.2%。在比较这两个比率时,两个时期 BCC 比率的降低并无统计学意义(P=0.30)。 结论。BCC 发病率总体上有所下降,但两个时期之间的差异未达到统计学意义上的显著性。定期及时反馈污染率需要大量资源,而且面对面的教育和培训比虚拟方式的影响更大,这可能是污染率略有下降的原因。要想按照新建议进一步降低污染率,有必要在这些领域(尤其是急诊科)进一步投资。
{"title":"Reducing Blood Culture Contamination Rates: Introduction of a Combined Education and Skin Antisepsis Intervention","authors":"Niamh Mullane, Niall O'Mara, Darragh Coffey, Aine Connolly, Isabelle O'Callaghan, Deborah Kelly, Deirdre Broderick, Caitriona Hickey","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000806.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000806.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background. Blood culture contamination (BCC) is an important quality concern in clinical microbiology as it can lead to unnecessary antimicrobial therapy in patients and increased workload for laboratory scientists. The Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute recommend BCC rates to be <3 % and recently updated guidelines have set a new goal of 1 %. The aim of this project was to design and implement interventions to reduce BCC rates at our institution.\u0000 \u0000 Methods. We introduced a combined education and skin antisepsis intervention in a large Model 4 academic teaching hospital in the South of Ireland. BD ChloraPrep skin antisepsis applicators (2 % chlorhexidine gluconate/70 % isopropyl alcohol), licensed for use for blood culture specimen collection, were introduced, replacing Clinell (2 % chlorhexidine gluconate/70 % isopropyl alcohol) wipes. In addition, a multimodal education programme was designed and delivered. This consisted of a video demonstrating the recommended blood culture specimen collection technique using the new applicators as well as simulation training for all interns. The video was uploaded to the intranet as an educational resource available to all staff.\u0000 \u0000 Results. The interventions were implemented in July 2022 and BCC rates pre- and post-intervention were calculated. The average BCC rate for the 12 months preceding the intervention (July 2021 to July 2022) was 2.56 % with highest rates in the Emergency Department. This compared to an average rate of 2.2 % in the 12 months post-intervention (July 2022 to July 2023). In comparing the two rates the reduction in BCC rates between the two periods was not statistically significant (P=0.30).\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. Overall BCC rates reduced but the difference between the two periods did not reach statistical significance. The resource-intensive nature of providing regular and timely feedback of contamination rates and the larger impact of in-person education and training over virtual modalities may explain the modest reduction. Further investments in these areas, particularly in the Emergency Department, will be necessary to further reduce rates in line with new recommendations.","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atypical presentation of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in a lung transplant patient: a case report 肺移植患者水痘-带状疱疹病毒再激活的非典型表现:病例报告
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000763.v3
Ingrid Hoff, Eivind Rath, Slobodanka Pena-Karan, Elisabeth Sivy Nginamau, A. Holm, T. Thune, Tehmina Mustafa
Background. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic virus which commonly causes infection during childhood, presenting as chickenpox. Later in life it may reactivate as herpes zoster. We report a rare manifestation of reactivation of VZV infection presenting as cutaneous vasculitis and varicella pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient. Case presentation. A 65-year-old man was lung transplanted bilaterally for emphysema and had repeated posttransplant chest infections and colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nine months post-transplant he presented with dyspnoea and a cutaneous vasculitis-like eruption with a predilection over face, thorax and distal extremities. Initially, VZV reactivation was not suspected due to absence of the typical vesicular eruptions. The diagnosis was confirmed by VZV PCR from the swabs of the ulcer after skin punch biopsy of a lesion and from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The histology of skin biopsy demonstrated epithelial damage and vascular damage but no typical epithelial virus associated changes. The patient responded to antiviral therapy with total remission of rash and VZV DNA was finally not detectable from repeated BAL after 29 days of therapy. However, the pulmonary radiological features and dyspnoea persisted due to reasons possibly unrelated to the VZV infection. Conclusion. Had it not been for the patient to mention the resemblance of the vasculitic rash with his primary VZV infection, the diagnosis would easily have been overlooked. In this case, the biopsy did not show typical histopathologic findings of VZV-vasculitis. What led the diagnosis was a PCR from the wound swab taken after the punch biopsy. This case serves as a reminder for atypical presentation of common conditions in immunosuppressed patients and that extensive diagnostic sampling may be warranted in this group.
背景。水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV)是一种人类神经性病毒,通常在儿童时期引起感染,表现为水痘。日后它可能重新活化为带状疱疹。我们报告了一起罕见的 VZV 感染再活化病例,肺移植受者表现为皮肤血管炎和水痘肺炎。 病例介绍。一名 65 岁的男性因肺气肿接受了双侧肺移植,移植后反复出现胸部感染和铜绿假单胞菌定植。移植后 9 个月,他出现呼吸困难和皮肤血管炎样糜烂,好发于面部、胸部和四肢远端。起初,由于没有典型的水泡状疹子,因此没有怀疑是 VZV 再激活。在对病灶进行皮肤打孔活检后,从溃疡拭子和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)中提取的 VZV PCR 结果证实了诊断。皮肤活检组织学显示上皮损伤和血管损伤,但没有典型的上皮病毒相关改变。患者对抗病毒治疗做出了反应,皮疹完全缓解,经过 29 天的治疗后,在重复的 BAL 中终于检测不到 VZV DNA。然而,由于可能与 VZV 感染无关的原因,肺部放射学特征和呼吸困难仍然存在。 结论如果不是患者提到血管炎皮疹与他的原发性 VZV 感染相似,诊断很容易被忽视。在本病例中,活组织检查并未发现典型的 VZV-血管炎组织病理学结果。导致诊断的是冲孔活检后从伤口拭子中提取的 PCR。本病例提醒人们注意免疫抑制患者常见疾病的非典型表现,在这类患者中可能需要进行广泛的诊断取样。
{"title":"Atypical presentation of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in a lung transplant patient: a case report","authors":"Ingrid Hoff, Eivind Rath, Slobodanka Pena-Karan, Elisabeth Sivy Nginamau, A. Holm, T. Thune, Tehmina Mustafa","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000763.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000763.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic virus which commonly causes infection during childhood, presenting as chickenpox. Later in life it may reactivate as herpes zoster. We report a rare manifestation of reactivation of VZV infection presenting as cutaneous vasculitis and varicella pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient.\u0000 \u0000 Case presentation. A 65-year-old man was lung transplanted bilaterally for emphysema and had repeated posttransplant chest infections and colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nine months post-transplant he presented with dyspnoea and a cutaneous vasculitis-like eruption with a predilection over face, thorax and distal extremities. Initially, VZV reactivation was not suspected due to absence of the typical vesicular eruptions. The diagnosis was confirmed by VZV PCR from the swabs of the ulcer after skin punch biopsy of a lesion and from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The histology of skin biopsy demonstrated epithelial damage and vascular damage but no typical epithelial virus associated changes. The patient responded to antiviral therapy with total remission of rash and VZV DNA was finally not detectable from repeated BAL after 29 days of therapy. However, the pulmonary radiological features and dyspnoea persisted due to reasons possibly unrelated to the VZV infection.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. Had it not been for the patient to mention the resemblance of the vasculitic rash with his primary VZV infection, the diagnosis would easily have been overlooked. In this case, the biopsy did not show typical histopathologic findings of VZV-vasculitis. What led the diagnosis was a PCR from the wound swab taken after the punch biopsy. This case serves as a reminder for atypical presentation of common conditions in immunosuppressed patients and that extensive diagnostic sampling may be warranted in this group.","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In silico analysis of Ffp1, an ancestral Porphyromonas spp. fimbrillin, shows differences with Fim and Mfa 对 Ffp1(一种卟啉单胞菌的祖先)进行的硅学分析表明,它与 Fim 和 Mfa 存在差异
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000771.v3
L. Acuña-Amador, F. Barloy-Hubler
Background. Scant information is available regarding fimbrillins within the genus Porphyromonas, with the notable exception of those belonging to Porphyromonas gingivalis, which have been extensively researched for several years. Besides fim and mfa, a third P. gingivalis adhesin called filament-forming protein 1 (Ffp1) has recently been described and seems to be pivotal for outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production. Objective. We aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of type V fimbrillin, particularly Ffp1, in the genus Porphyromonas. Methods. A bioinformatics phylogenomic analysis was conducted using all accessible Porphyromonas genomes to generate a domain search for fimbriae, using hidden Markov model profiles. Results. Ffp1 was identified as the sole fimbrillin present in all analysed genomes. After manual verification (i.e. biocuration) of both structural and functional annotations and 3D modelling, this protein was determined to be a type V fimbrillin, with a closer structural resemblance to a Bacteroides ovatus fimbrillin than to FimA or Mfa1 from P. gingivalis. Conclusion. It appears that Ffp1 is an ancestral fimbria, transmitted through vertical inheritance and present across all Porphyromonas species. Additional investigations are necessary to elucidate the biogenesis of Ffp1 fimbriae and their potential role in OMV production and niche adaptation.
背景。关于卟啉单胞菌属(Porphyromonas)中的丝状蛋白的资料很少,但属于牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)的丝状蛋白是个例外,多年来对这些蛋白进行了广泛的研究。除 fim 和 mfa 外,最近还发现了第三种牙龈卟啉菌粘附蛋白--丝状形成蛋白 1(Ffp1),它似乎对外膜囊(OMV)的产生起着关键作用。 研究目的我们旨在研究卟啉单胞菌属中 V 型 fimbrillin(尤其是 Ffp1)的分布和多样性。 方法。利用所有可获得的卟啉单胞菌基因组进行生物信息学系统发生学分析,使用隐马尔可夫模型剖面图对缘毛进行域搜索。 结果。在所有分析的基因组中,Ffp1 被确定为唯一存在的纤毛蛋白。在对结构和功能注释以及三维建模进行人工验证(即生物化)后,该蛋白质被确定为 V 型缘丝菌素,其结构与卵形芽孢杆菌(Bacteroides ovatus)的缘丝菌素更相似,而与牙龈球菌(P. gingivalis)的 FimA 或 Mfa1 更相似。 结论Ffp1 似乎是一种祖传的微脂囊,通过垂直遗传传播,存在于所有卟啉单胞菌物种中。有必要开展更多研究,以阐明 Ffp1 纤毛膜的生物形成及其在 OMV 生产和生态位适应中的潜在作用。
{"title":"In silico analysis of Ffp1, an ancestral Porphyromonas spp. fimbrillin, shows differences with Fim and Mfa","authors":"L. Acuña-Amador, F. Barloy-Hubler","doi":"10.1099/acmi.0.000771.v3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000771.v3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background. Scant information is available regarding fimbrillins within the genus Porphyromonas, with the notable exception of those belonging to Porphyromonas gingivalis, which have been extensively researched for several years. Besides fim and mfa, a third P. gingivalis adhesin called filament-forming protein 1 (Ffp1) has recently been described and seems to be pivotal for outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production.\u0000 \u0000 Objective. We aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of type V fimbrillin, particularly Ffp1, in the genus Porphyromonas.\u0000 \u0000 Methods. A bioinformatics phylogenomic analysis was conducted using all accessible Porphyromonas genomes to generate a domain search for fimbriae, using hidden Markov model profiles.\u0000 \u0000 Results. Ffp1 was identified as the sole fimbrillin present in all analysed genomes. After manual verification (i.e. biocuration) of both structural and functional annotations and 3D modelling, this protein was determined to be a type V fimbrillin, with a closer structural resemblance to a Bacteroides ovatus fimbrillin than to FimA or Mfa1 from P. gingivalis.\u0000 \u0000 Conclusion. It appears that Ffp1 is an ancestral fimbria, transmitted through vertical inheritance and present across all Porphyromonas species. Additional investigations are necessary to elucidate the biogenesis of Ffp1 fimbriae and their potential role in OMV production and niche adaptation.","PeriodicalId":94366,"journal":{"name":"Access microbiology","volume":"99 S7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating the effectiveness of commercially available mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2 in vivo using viable virus titre as the primary outcome. A randomised controlled trial 以存活病毒滴度为主要结果,研究市售漱口水对体内 SARS-CoV-2 的有效性。随机对照试验
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000722.v3
D. Seymour, G. Forshaw, M. Porteous, D. Mawer, F. Wiggins, A. Mitchell, C. Hewitt, T. Beetar-King, K.A. Davies, D. Jackson, M.J. Hannah, M. Pitcher, U. Arnold, R. Strachan, M.J. Killip, P. Nixon
This multi-arm, parallel group, single-blinded randomised controlled trial aimed to assess three commercially available mouthwashes effectiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This manuscript has been written in accordance with the CONSORT statement. Methods. Eligible participants were SARS-CoV-2 positive with a positive test in the last 72 h. All participants had mild to moderate symptoms and could provide five saliva samples over a 60 min period. Participants delivered a baseline saliva sample and then used a mouthwash as per manufacturer’s instructions. They provided further saliva samples at minute 1, 10, 30 and 60. Participants were randomised to one of four groups; OraWize+, Total Care Listerine, Cool Mint Listerine and water (control). The lab-based research team were blind to the intervention. The research question was: can SARS-CoV-2 be rendered inactive in saliva by using a mouthwash and how long does this effect last? The primary outcome was the amount of viable infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus in the sample, compared to the baseline sample. The secondary outcome measure was the amount of genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the sample, measured via PCR testing. Results. In total 100 participants were recruited (25 per group). Eight participants did not receive the allocated intervention and did not have saliva samples collected. There were no adverse events. In total 42 of the 92 participants had viable virus which could be cultured at baseline. Statistical analysis of the primary outcome was not advised due to the reduced level of viable virus at baseline and the positive skewness present in the distribution of log10(titre) data. Observational data of the primary outcome measure is presented. Analysis of the secondary outcome PCR measure showed that there was strong evidence for a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels compared to water for all mouthwashes after 1 min, OraWize+ −0.49 (−0.92, –0.05), p-value 0.029, Cool Mint Listerine −0.81 (−1.25, –0.38), p-value<0.001, Total Care Listerine −1.05 (−1.48, –0.62), p-value<0.001. For the remaining timepoints there was generally no evidence of virus level reduction compared to water although there is weak evidence for a decrease at ten minutes using Total Care Listerine −0.44 (−0.88, 0.01), p-value 0.053. Conclusion. The three mouthwashes included in this trial observationally demonstrated a reduction in virus titre level 1 min after use, with virus levels normalising up to 60 min compared to the control. Although an interesting observation, this result could not be statistically analysed. Using the secondary outcome PCR measure all three included mouthwashes reduced virus levels compared to water at 1 min and these results were statistically significant. Clinically this result does not support the use of the included mouthwashes to reduce SARS-CoV-2 levels in saliva.
这项多臂、平行分组、单盲随机对照试验旨在评估三种市售漱口水对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)的有效性。本稿件根据 CONSORT 声明撰写。 研究方法所有参与者均有轻度至中度症状,并能在 60 分钟内提供 5 份唾液样本。参与者提供基线唾液样本,然后按照制造商的说明使用漱口水。他们在第 1、10、30 和 60 分钟时进一步提供唾液样本。参与者被随机分为四组:OraWize+、全面护理李施德林、清凉薄荷李施德林和水(对照组)。实验室研究小组对干预措施视而不见。研究问题是:使用漱口水能否使 SARS-CoV-2 在唾液中失去活性,这种效果能持续多久?主要结果是与基线样本相比,样本中具有传染性的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的存活量。次要结果是通过 PCR 测试测定样本中 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的遗传物质含量。 结果共招募了 100 名参与者(每组 25 人)。八名参与者没有接受分配的干预措施,也没有采集唾液样本。没有发生不良事件。在 92 名参与者中,共有 42 人在基线时培养出了存活的病毒。由于基线存活病毒水平较低,且 log10(滴度)数据分布呈正偏态,因此不建议对主要结果进行统计分析。本报告提供了主要结果的观察数据。对次要结果 PCR 指标的分析表明,有确凿证据表明,与水相比,所有漱口水在 1 分钟后的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 水平都有所下降:OraWize+ -0.49 (-0.92, -0.05),p 值 0.029;Cool Mint Listerine -0.81 (-1.25, -0.38),p 值<0.001;Total Care Listerine -1.05 (-1.48, -0.62),p 值<0.001。在其余的时间点上,虽然有微弱的证据表明使用全效护理型李施德林在十分钟后病毒水平会下降-0.44 (-0.88, 0.01),p 值为 0.053,但与水相比,病毒水平普遍没有下降的迹象。 结论与对照组相比,本试验中的三种漱口水在使用 1 分钟后病毒滴度水平明显下降,60 分钟后病毒滴度水平恢复正常。尽管这一观察结果很有趣,但无法对其进行统计分析。通过次要结果 PCR 测量,与水相比,所有三种漱口水都能在 1 分钟内降低病毒水平,并且这些结果具有统计学意义。在临床上,这一结果并不支持使用所含漱口水来降低唾液中的 SARS-CoV-2 水平。
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引用次数: 0
Hollow-fibre infection model: adaptations for the culture and assessment of fastidious organisms. 中空纤维感染模型:培养和评估苛氧菌的适应性。
Pub Date : 2024-06-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000744.v3
Andrew Mead, Stefano Azzariti, Ludovic Pelligand

The hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM) is a valuable in vitro platform for emulating antimicrobial drug pharmacokinetic profiles. Despite its potential, standardized protocols for HFIM operation, especially concerning fastidious organisms, are lacking. This study addresses this gap by examining challenges in culturing Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, two fastidious organisms, in the HFIM. Our findings reveal effective strategies to prevent system clogging, involving multiple freeze-thaw cycles of horse blood, centrifugation and cell straining to enhance the clarity of the Mueller-Hinton fastidious medium defined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Additionally, we propose that the provision of a CO2 atmosphere, along with the utilization of gas-permeable tubing and gas vent filters, significantly facilitates the growth of fastidious organisms. Remarkably, both P. multocida and A. pleuropneumoniae were sustained for a period of up to 10 days under these optimized conditions. This study provides crucial insights into the modifications necessary to successfully culture fastidious organisms in the HFIM, paving the way for more accurate and representative in vitro models for antimicrobial drug testing. These advancements hold promise for advancing research in the field of antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and efficacy against challenging pathogens.

中空纤维感染模型(HFIM)是模拟抗菌药物药代动力学特征的重要体外平台。尽管中空纤维感染模型具有很大的潜力,但目前还缺乏标准化的中空纤维感染模型操作规程,尤其是针对快速致病菌的操作规程。本研究针对这一空白,研究了在 HFIM 中培养多杀性巴氏杆菌和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌这两种快速致病菌所面临的挑战。我们的研究结果揭示了防止系统堵塞的有效策略,包括对马血进行多次冻融循环、离心和细胞过滤,以提高欧洲抗菌药物敏感性检测委员会和临床与实验室标准研究所定义的穆勒-欣顿快速培养基的透明度。此外,我们还建议提供二氧化碳环境,并使用透气管道和透气过滤器,这将极大地促进苛氧菌的生长。值得注意的是,在这些优化条件下,多杀菌素和胸膜肺炎甲菌都能存活长达 10 天。这项研究为在 HFIM 中成功培养苛氧菌所需的改良条件提供了重要见解,为抗菌药物测试建立更准确、更具代表性的体外模型铺平了道路。这些进展有望推动抗菌药物药代动力学和对挑战性病原体疗效领域的研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Access microbiology
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