Xunlai Lu, Shengfu Liu, Luyao Ma, Junwei Zhu, Wei Cao
Background
Synovial sarcoma, a highly aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, is mostly seen among young people and tends to occur in the extremities. It most commonly metastasizes to the lungs, and symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing are common after metastasis. However, multiple spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively rare. This article aims to further enhance the understanding of synovial sarcoma by introducing a case of pulmonary metastasis after surgery for synovial sarcoma originating from the sole of the foot and reviewing relevant literature.
Case
The Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of the Northeast Yunnan Central Hospital Region admitted a 40-year-old male patient. He had previously undergone surgery for synovial sarcoma on the left foot dorsum. Seven years after the surgery, the patient experienced two spontaneous pneumothorax events. A chest CT scan revealed solid nodules in the upper lobe of the left lung. Our department performed surgical removal, and pathology confirmed metastatic pulmonary synovial sarcoma. After the surgery, the patient's symptoms improved significantly, and there were no further pneumothorax attacks. The patient was then transferred to the oncology department for further treatment to improve prognosis.
Conclusion
Pulmonary metastasis of synovial sarcoma is not uncommon, and a considerable number of patients are found to have no surgical opportunity when diagnosed. In this case, the patient presented with a single solid nodule, and we adopted surgery as the first-line treatment, combined with a comprehensive treatment plan of postoperative chemotherapy to further improve the patient's prognosis.
{"title":"A Case of Metastatic Synovial Sarcoma of the Lung With Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax","authors":"Xunlai Lu, Shengfu Liu, Luyao Ma, Junwei Zhu, Wei Cao","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Synovial sarcoma, a highly aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, is mostly seen among young people and tends to occur in the extremities. It most commonly metastasizes to the lungs, and symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing are common after metastasis. However, multiple spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively rare. This article aims to further enhance the understanding of synovial sarcoma by introducing a case of pulmonary metastasis after surgery for synovial sarcoma originating from the sole of the foot and reviewing relevant literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of the Northeast Yunnan Central Hospital Region admitted a 40-year-old male patient. He had previously undergone surgery for synovial sarcoma on the left foot dorsum. Seven years after the surgery, the patient experienced two spontaneous pneumothorax events. A chest CT scan revealed solid nodules in the upper lobe of the left lung. Our department performed surgical removal, and pathology confirmed metastatic pulmonary synovial sarcoma. After the surgery, the patient's symptoms improved significantly, and there were no further pneumothorax attacks. The patient was then transferred to the oncology department for further treatment to improve prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pulmonary metastasis of synovial sarcoma is not uncommon, and a considerable number of patients are found to have no surgical opportunity when diagnosed. In this case, the patient presented with a single solid nodule, and we adopted surgery as the first-line treatment, combined with a comprehensive treatment plan of postoperative chemotherapy to further improve the patient's prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cnr2.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. H. Pathirana, V. Bandaranayake, A. P. Nellihela, S. Nikeshala, T. Saranga, A. Abegunasekara, S. Gunathilake, N. J. Asanthi
Background
Basocellular carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin malignancy, often localizing to the UV-exposed skin of the face. While most BCC is relatively indolent, aggressive subtypes, including infiltrative BCC, pose the treatment challenges of ensuring functional and aesthetic preservation with a high risk of recurrence.
Case
A 78-year-old female patient complained of recurrent left chin BCC of infiltrative subtype, which was first treated in 2013 by wide local excision and adjuvant radiotherapy. Recurrent carcinoma was reported in 2017, 2021, and most recently in 2023. The most recent recurrence presented with scar contracture, facial asymmetry, and drooping of the lip. Surgical resection involved extensive excision of the lower lip and chin, exposing the mandible. Reconstruction was achieved with the help of bilaterally designed Karapandzic flaps for the lip and a bilobed rotational flap for the chin defect. Although no chemotherapy and immunotherapy were given, the functional and aesthetic result were satisfactory. The procedure was executed while preserving the pertinent neurovascular structures, maintaining oral competence, and restoring the lower face. The Karapandzic flap was helpful in maintaining the lip function, whereas the chin was reconstructed using the bilobed rotational flap. Post-operative histology confirmed the diagnosis of BCC with squamous differentiation, which had clear margins. The patient did well and the cosmetic and functional outcome was satisfactory without any disease at 18 months after surgery.
Conclusion
This case sheds light on the difficulties encountered in treating recurrent facial BCC in developing countries. In the absence of systemic therapies, advanced surgical techniques and intensive follow-up resulted in a long disease-free period with good functional and aesthetic outcomes, thanks to the successful use of innovative reconstruction even in a low-resource setting.
{"title":"Case Report: The Versatile Art of Reconstruction: A Decade-Long Journey With Recurrent Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"T. H. Pathirana, V. Bandaranayake, A. P. Nellihela, S. Nikeshala, T. Saranga, A. Abegunasekara, S. Gunathilake, N. J. Asanthi","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Basocellular carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent skin malignancy, often localizing to the UV-exposed skin of the face. While most BCC is relatively indolent, aggressive subtypes, including infiltrative BCC, pose the treatment challenges of ensuring functional and aesthetic preservation with a high risk of recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 78-year-old female patient complained of recurrent left chin BCC of infiltrative subtype, which was first treated in 2013 by wide local excision and adjuvant radiotherapy. Recurrent carcinoma was reported in 2017, 2021, and most recently in 2023. The most recent recurrence presented with scar contracture, facial asymmetry, and drooping of the lip. Surgical resection involved extensive excision of the lower lip and chin, exposing the mandible. Reconstruction was achieved with the help of bilaterally designed Karapandzic flaps for the lip and a bilobed rotational flap for the chin defect. Although no chemotherapy and immunotherapy were given, the functional and aesthetic result were satisfactory. The procedure was executed while preserving the pertinent neurovascular structures, maintaining oral competence, and restoring the lower face. The Karapandzic flap was helpful in maintaining the lip function, whereas the chin was reconstructed using the bilobed rotational flap. Post-operative histology confirmed the diagnosis of BCC with squamous differentiation, which had clear margins. The patient did well and the cosmetic and functional outcome was satisfactory without any disease at 18 months after surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case sheds light on the difficulties encountered in treating recurrent facial BCC in developing countries. In the absence of systemic therapies, advanced surgical techniques and intensive follow-up resulted in a long disease-free period with good functional and aesthetic outcomes, thanks to the successful use of innovative reconstruction even in a low-resource setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lixia Ma, Yimeng Dou, Rui Liu, Teng Xu, Fan Yang, Peihao Zheng, Shaomei Feng, Yuelu Guo, Hui Shi, Fei Xue, Biping Deng, Xiaoyan Ke, Kai Hu
Objective
Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy represents a highly effective approach for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. However, it also carries treatment-related risks. Limited data are available on the risks associated with CART therapy in patients with gastrointestinal involvement in B-cell lymphomas. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to address this gap in knowledge.
Methods
During the period from May 2019 to August 2022, a total of 26 patients recurrent/refractory with recurrent/refractory B-cell lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract enrolled. Pathology confirmed CD19 antigen expression in tumor tissues. The disease status of patients who failed multiple lines of therapy was progressive disease (PD). Before CART cell infusion, patients received an FC regimen (fludarabine and cyclophosphamide) lymphodepletion. Quantitative PCR and flow cytometry were adopted for monitoring CART cell kinetics and function, with a focus on gastrointestinal AEs during treatment. The overall response rate (ORR) of the 26 patients was 61.5% (16/26), while the complete response rate (CR) was 23.1% (6/26). Their median follow-up time was 22.49 months, while the medians of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 10.88 and 5.47 months, respectively. The 1-year OS and PFS rates were 45% and 42.3%, respectively. The prevalence of gastrointestinal complications was 21/26 (80.7%), including gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 11/26 (42.3%), emesis and diarrhea in 9/26 (34.6%), as well as intestinal obstruction in 2/26 (7.7%). A total of three patients (3/26, 11.5%) died of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The gastrointestinal hemorrhage group exhibited markedly lower ORR and inferior OS compared to the non-hemorrhage group.
Conclusion
Generally, the CART cell therapy is valid in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma with gastrointestinal involvement, but gastrointestinal bleeding is a unique risk factor that requires special attention, particularly in patients with high gastrointestinal tumor burden, as it is associated with poor efficacy and survival.
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of CART Cell Therapy in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas Involving the Gastrointestinal Tract","authors":"Lixia Ma, Yimeng Dou, Rui Liu, Teng Xu, Fan Yang, Peihao Zheng, Shaomei Feng, Yuelu Guo, Hui Shi, Fei Xue, Biping Deng, Xiaoyan Ke, Kai Hu","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy represents a highly effective approach for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. However, it also carries treatment-related risks. Limited data are available on the risks associated with CART therapy in patients with gastrointestinal involvement in B-cell lymphomas. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to address this gap in knowledge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the period from May 2019 to August 2022, a total of 26 patients recurrent/refractory with recurrent/refractory B-cell lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract enrolled. Pathology confirmed CD19 antigen expression in tumor tissues. The disease status of patients who failed multiple lines of therapy was progressive disease (PD). Before CART cell infusion, patients received an FC regimen (fludarabine and cyclophosphamide) lymphodepletion. Quantitative PCR and flow cytometry were adopted for monitoring CART cell kinetics and function, with a focus on gastrointestinal AEs during treatment. The overall response rate (ORR) of the 26 patients was 61.5% (16/26), while the complete response rate (CR) was 23.1% (6/26). Their median follow-up time was 22.49 months, while the medians of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 10.88 and 5.47 months, respectively. The 1-year OS and PFS rates were 45% and 42.3%, respectively. The prevalence of gastrointestinal complications was 21/26 (80.7%), including gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 11/26 (42.3%), emesis and diarrhea in 9/26 (34.6%), as well as intestinal obstruction in 2/26 (7.7%). A total of three patients (3/26, 11.5%) died of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The gastrointestinal hemorrhage group exhibited markedly lower ORR and inferior OS compared to the non-hemorrhage group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Generally, the CART cell therapy is valid in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma with gastrointestinal involvement, but gastrointestinal bleeding is a unique risk factor that requires special attention, particularly in patients with high gastrointestinal tumor burden, as it is associated with poor efficacy and survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been applied as biomarkers for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Early diagnosis and management of DLBCL can improve patient survival and prognosis.
Aims
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of miRNA biomarkers in DLBCL patients.
Methods
We used the keywords “diffuse large B-cell lymphoma” and “microRNA” to search databases for original publications until June 14, 2023. Specificity, sensitivity, and AUC were used to assess diagnostic accuracy, and the prognostic value was assessed using the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratio (HR). A subgroup analysis was performed based on the sample type acquired to investigate the heterogeneity.
Results
Thirteen diagnostic and 33 prognostic studies were included from 839 articles. The Reitsma bivariate model estimated a sensitivity of 0.788 (95% CI: 0.733–0.834, p < 0.001), a specificity of 0.727 (95% CI: 0.654–0.790, p < 0.001), and an AUC of 0.824 in. The pooled AUC was 0.7385 (95% CI: 0.6847–0.7923, p < 0.0001). The pooled OS and PFS HRs (> 1) were 2.2847 (95% CI: 1.7248–3.0263, p < 0.0001) and 2.4883 (95% CI: 1.7367–3.5650, p < 0.0001). The pooled OS and PFS HRs (< 1) were 0.4965 (95% CI: 0.3576–0.6894, p < 0.0001) and 2.4883 (95% CI: 1.7367–3.5650, p < 0.0001). MiR-155 diagnostic values had a sensitivity of 0.710 (p > 0.1) and a specificity of 0.725 (p < 0.05), with an AUC of 0.776. miR-21 diagnostic values had an AUC of 0.8468 (p < 0.0001) and OS HR of 2.8938.
Conclusion
MicroRNAs could serve as a powerful diagnostic and prognostic tool in DLBCL.
{"title":"MicroRNA as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Mahdi Masrour, Parisa Fallahtafti, Fatemeh Hasani","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been applied as biomarkers for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Early diagnosis and management of DLBCL can improve patient survival and prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of miRNA biomarkers in DLBCL patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the keywords “diffuse large B-cell lymphoma” and “microRNA” to search databases for original publications until June 14, 2023. Specificity, sensitivity, and AUC were used to assess diagnostic accuracy, and the prognostic value was assessed using the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratio (HR). A subgroup analysis was performed based on the sample type acquired to investigate the heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen diagnostic and 33 prognostic studies were included from 839 articles. The Reitsma bivariate model estimated a sensitivity of 0.788 (95% CI: 0.733–0.834, <i>p <</i> 0.001), a specificity of 0.727 (95% CI: 0.654–0.790, <i>p <</i> 0.001), and an AUC of 0.824 in. The pooled AUC was 0.7385 (95% CI: 0.6847–0.7923, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The pooled OS and PFS HRs (> 1) were 2.2847 (95% CI: 1.7248–3.0263, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and 2.4883 (95% CI: 1.7367–3.5650, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The pooled OS and PFS HRs (< 1) were 0.4965 (95% CI: 0.3576–0.6894, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and 2.4883 (95% CI: 1.7367–3.5650, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). MiR-155 diagnostic values had a sensitivity of 0.710 (<i>p</i> > 0.1) and a specificity of 0.725 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with an AUC of 0.776. miR-21 diagnostic values had an AUC of 0.8468 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and OS HR of 2.8938.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MicroRNAs could serve as a powerful diagnostic and prognostic tool in DLBCL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akram Siavoshi, Mehran Piran, Ali Sharifi-Zarchi, Fatemeh Ataellahi
Background
The breakthrough discovery of novel biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic value enables timely medical intervention for the survival of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer (GC). Typically, in studies focused on biomarker analysis, highly connected nodes (hubs) within the protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) are proposed as potential biomarkers. However, this study revealed an unexpected finding following the clustering of network nodes. Consequently, it is essential not to overlook weakly connected nodes (nonhubs) when determining suitable biomarkers from PPIN.
Methods and Results
In this study, several potential biomarkers for GC were proposed based on the findings from RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets, along with differential gene expression (DGE) analysis, PPINs, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Considering the overall survival (OS) analysis and the evaluation of expression levels alongside statistical parameters of the PPIN cluster nodes, it is plausible to suggest that THY1, CDH17, TGIF1, and AEBP1, categorized as nonhub nodes, along with ITGA5, COL1A1, FN1, and MMP2, identified as hub nodes, possess characteristics that render them applicable as biomarkers for the GC. Additionally, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-2 (IGFBP2), classified as a nonhub node, demonstrates a significant negative correlation with both groups within the same cluster. This observation underscores the conflicting findings regarding IGFBP2 in various cancer studies and enhances the potential of this gene to serve as a biomarker.
Conclusion
The findings of the current study not only identified the hubs and nonhubs that may serve as potential biomarkers for GC but also revealed a PPIN cluster that includes both hubs and nonhubs in conjunction with IGFBP2, thereby enhancing the understanding of the complex behavior associated with IGFBP2.
{"title":"Integration of Gastric Cancer RNA-Seq Datasets Along With PPI Network Suggests That Nonhub Nodes Have the Potential to Become Biomarkers","authors":"Akram Siavoshi, Mehran Piran, Ali Sharifi-Zarchi, Fatemeh Ataellahi","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The breakthrough discovery of novel biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic value enables timely medical intervention for the survival of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer (GC). Typically, in studies focused on biomarker analysis, highly connected nodes (hubs) within the protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) are proposed as potential biomarkers. However, this study revealed an unexpected finding following the clustering of network nodes. Consequently, it is essential not to overlook weakly connected nodes (nonhubs) when determining suitable biomarkers from PPIN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, several potential biomarkers for GC were proposed based on the findings from RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets, along with differential gene expression (DGE) analysis, PPINs, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Considering the overall survival (OS) analysis and the evaluation of expression levels alongside statistical parameters of the PPIN cluster nodes, it is plausible to suggest that THY1, CDH17, TGIF1, and AEBP1, categorized as nonhub nodes, along with ITGA5, COL1A1, FN1, and MMP2, identified as hub nodes, possess characteristics that render them applicable as biomarkers for the GC. Additionally, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-2 (IGFBP2), classified as a nonhub node, demonstrates a significant negative correlation with both groups within the same cluster. This observation underscores the conflicting findings regarding IGFBP2 in various cancer studies and enhances the potential of this gene to serve as a biomarker.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of the current study not only identified the hubs and nonhubs that may serve as potential biomarkers for GC but also revealed a PPIN cluster that includes both hubs and nonhubs in conjunction with IGFBP2, thereby enhancing the understanding of the complex behavior associated with IGFBP2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhong-zheng Chen, Wen-dong Qu, Xing-shu Zhang, Yong-xiang Song
Background
Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (NETT) are rare and malignant tumors that arise in the anterior mediastinum. These tumors can exhibit aggressive behavior and may involve surrounding critical structures, such as the superior vena cava. This case contributes to the literature by presenting a recurrent thymic carcinoma with invasion of major blood vessels, including the superior vena cava, and the complexities involved in its surgical management.
Case
A 51-year-old male with no significant medical history presented with eyelid edema and a mediastinal mass. Diagnostic imaging, including positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), revealed a malignant anterior mediastinal mass with possible metastasis. The patient underwent thoracoscopic resection of the tumor and wedge resection of the left upper lobe of the lung. Postoperative pathology confirmed a neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3), staged as Masaoka IVa. Despite aggressive surgery, the patient developed recurrent metastasis involving mediastinal lymph nodes and the superior vena cava. The patient underwent complex surgery involving vascular replacement, pericardial resection, and superior vena cava reconstruction, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Conclusion
This case highlights the challenges of managing advanced NETT, particularly with invasion of major vascular structures. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, complete surgical resection, and tailored adjuvant therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, to improve survival outcomes. The lessons learned from this case contribute to refining treatment strategies for similar cases, advocating for aggressive surgical approaches and the potential benefit of novel therapeutic agents in the management of advanced NETT.
{"title":"Recurrent Thymic Carcinoma Treated With Median Sternotomy, Innominate Vein Replacement for Superior Vena Cava, and Iodide Implantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"Zhong-zheng Chen, Wen-dong Qu, Xing-shu Zhang, Yong-xiang Song","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (NETT) are rare and malignant tumors that arise in the anterior mediastinum. These tumors can exhibit aggressive behavior and may involve surrounding critical structures, such as the superior vena cava. This case contributes to the literature by presenting a recurrent thymic carcinoma with invasion of major blood vessels, including the superior vena cava, and the complexities involved in its surgical management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 51-year-old male with no significant medical history presented with eyelid edema and a mediastinal mass. Diagnostic imaging, including positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), revealed a malignant anterior mediastinal mass with possible metastasis. The patient underwent thoracoscopic resection of the tumor and wedge resection of the left upper lobe of the lung. Postoperative pathology confirmed a neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3), staged as Masaoka IVa. Despite aggressive surgery, the patient developed recurrent metastasis involving mediastinal lymph nodes and the superior vena cava. The patient underwent complex surgery involving vascular replacement, pericardial resection, and superior vena cava reconstruction, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case highlights the challenges of managing advanced NETT, particularly with invasion of major vascular structures. It emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, complete surgical resection, and tailored adjuvant therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, to improve survival outcomes. The lessons learned from this case contribute to refining treatment strategies for similar cases, advocating for aggressive surgical approaches and the potential benefit of novel therapeutic agents in the management of advanced NETT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annika H. Lindenskov, Halla Potts, Marnar F. Kristiansen, Maria S. Petersen, Marin Strøm
Background
Sex differences in lung cancer survival are well-established, but the gap between Faroese men and women is especially pronounced. Faroese women have some of the highest 1- and 5-year relative survival rates in the Nordic region, while Faroese men have some of the lowest. This study investigates these survival disparities by analyzing demographic, clinical, and temporal factors in Faroese lung cancer patients from 2015 to 2020.
Methods
All lung cancer cases registered in the Faroese Cancer Registry from 2015 to 2020 were included. Data on age, sex, civil status, cancer type, stage, smoking history, comorbidities, and performance status were extracted from electronic patient records. Sex-based differences were analyzed and overall survival rates were estimated using Kaplan–Meier plots.
Results
Significant sex differences were observed in cancer staging at diagnosis (p = 0.03), with 25.8% of women diagnosed at Stage I compared to 8.8% of men. Gender-specific patterns also emerged: women hadlonger symptomatic periods, while men experienced longer diagnostic and treatment times, though with overlapping confidence intervals.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal significant sex disparities in lung cancer staging at diagnosis in the Faroe Islands, which may the survival differences. The longer diagnostic period in men likely contributes to their lower survival rates. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce these disparities and improve patient outcomes.
{"title":"Sex Differences in Lung Cancer Characteristics at Diagnosis: A Nationwide Register-Based Study From the Faroe Islands (2015–2020)","authors":"Annika H. Lindenskov, Halla Potts, Marnar F. Kristiansen, Maria S. Petersen, Marin Strøm","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sex differences in lung cancer survival are well-established, but the gap between Faroese men and women is especially pronounced. Faroese women have some of the highest 1- and 5-year relative survival rates in the Nordic region, while Faroese men have some of the lowest. This study investigates these survival disparities by analyzing demographic, clinical, and temporal factors in Faroese lung cancer patients from 2015 to 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All lung cancer cases registered in the Faroese Cancer Registry from 2015 to 2020 were included. Data on age, sex, civil status, cancer type, stage, smoking history, comorbidities, and performance status were extracted from electronic patient records. Sex-based differences were analyzed and overall survival rates were estimated using Kaplan–Meier plots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant sex differences were observed in cancer staging at diagnosis (<i>p</i> = 0.03), with 25.8% of women diagnosed at Stage I compared to 8.8% of men. Gender-specific patterns also emerged: women hadlonger symptomatic periods, while men experienced longer diagnostic and treatment times, though with overlapping confidence intervals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings reveal significant sex disparities in lung cancer staging at diagnosis in the Faroe Islands, which may the survival differences. The longer diagnostic period in men likely contributes to their lower survival rates. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce these disparities and improve patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thromboembolic events are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. While direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been established as the preferred agents of anticoagulation in most patients with cancer, data in resource-limited settings is limited.
Aims
The study aims to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of warfarin and rivaroxaban for cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) in a resource-limited setting.
Methods and results
A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on 201 patients who were on follow-up from September 2021 to August 2023. The patients were categorized into two groups (1) warfarin and (2) rivaroxaban. They were then retrospectively followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), major bleeding event, or all-cause mortality. The Cox regression model was used to compare the outcome of the two groups. The baseline mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 48.4 (15.0) and 140 (69.7%) of them were female. 41.3% of the participants had one or more comorbidities, and the most common types of cancer were gynecologic (28.9%), hematologic (21.4%), and intra-abdominal (16.9%). The most common type of thrombosis was deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (77.1%). The primary composite outcome of VTE recurrence, major bleeding event, and all-cause mortality occurred in 25 (24.3%) patients in the warfarin group and 11 (11.2%) in the rivaroxaban group (hazard ratio (HR), 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24–0.97; p = 0.041).
Conclusion
Rivaroxaban was found to be more efficacious and safer than warfarin for patients with CAT in a resource-limited setting. This finding is congruent with reports from resource-abundant countries and recommendations from major international societies.
{"title":"Assessing the Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Warfarin and Rivaroxaban for Cancer Associated Thrombosis: Experience From a Resource Limited Setting","authors":"Abel Tenaw Tasamma, Tsegab Alemayehu Bukate, Abdulrahim Mehadi, Bereket Tagesse Handiso, Beniam Yohannes Kassa, Eman Omer Hassen, Zekarias Seifu Ayalew, Dawit Habtie Tegegne, Gebeyehu Tessema Azibte, Tigest Abebaw Zewdie, Tinsaye Zergaw Shihur, Yonas Degelo Geremamo, Yeabsira Dessalegne Mesfin, Rediet M. Alemayehu, Amanuel Kassu Asefa, Fozia Abdela, Addisu Melkie","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thromboembolic events are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. While direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been established as the preferred agents of anticoagulation in most patients with cancer, data in resource-limited settings is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aims to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of warfarin and rivaroxaban for cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) in a resource-limited setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on 201 patients who were on follow-up from September 2021 to August 2023. The patients were categorized into two groups (1) warfarin and (2) rivaroxaban. They were then retrospectively followed for 12 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), major bleeding event, or all-cause mortality. The Cox regression model was used to compare the outcome of the two groups. The baseline mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 48.4 (15.0) and 140 (69.7%) of them were female. 41.3% of the participants had one or more comorbidities, and the most common types of cancer were gynecologic (28.9%), hematologic (21.4%), and intra-abdominal (16.9%). The most common type of thrombosis was deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (77.1%). The primary composite outcome of VTE recurrence, major bleeding event, and all-cause mortality occurred in 25 (24.3%) patients in the warfarin group and 11 (11.2%) in the rivaroxaban group (hazard ratio (HR), 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24–0.97; <i>p</i> = 0.041).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rivaroxaban was found to be more efficacious and safer than warfarin for patients with CAT in a resource-limited setting. This finding is congruent with reports from resource-abundant countries and recommendations from major international societies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yayu Huang, Genwen Chen, Xian Zhang, Yang Qian, Jian Wang
Background
The optimal management strategy for Stage IV rectal cancer with potentially treatable liver metastases remains controversial, particularly regarding the role of pelvic radiotherapy (RT).
Aims
We intend to investigate the impact of pelvic RT on oncological outcomes of rectal cancer with potentially treatable liver metastasis.
Methods and Results
This retrospective study included 83 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases from June 2012 to January 2022. All patients underwent radical surgery for rectal cancer and treatment of synchronous liver metastases, as determined by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). We divided the 83 patients into two treatment groups: chemoradiotherapy and surgery (CRT + S) and chemotherapy and surgery (C + S). The CRT + S group (n = 40) received pelvic RT, systemic therapy, and liver metastasis treatment. The C + S group (n = 43) received systemic therapy and liver metastasis treatment only. A total of 83 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 45 months (range 12–127 months). In the CRT + S group, 48.2% (40/83) of patients underwent chemoradiotherapy, while the C + S group comprised 51.8% (43/83) of patients who received chemotherapy only. The CRT + S group demonstrated significantly longer local recurrence-free survival compared to the C + S group (median 37.5 vs. 34 months; p = 0.011). In addition, patients in the CRT + S group had a longer median overall survival (OS) compared to the C + S group (46.50 vs. 44.0 months; p = 0.0497). Notably, achieving no evidence of disease (NED) status after definitive treatment for both primary and liver metastases was associated with improved OS (p = 0.008).
Conclusion
This study suggests that the addition of pelvic RT to multimodality therapy for patients with rectal cancer and potentially treatable liver metastases may improve local control and long-term survival. The findings support the consideration of RT in the clinical management of this patient population.
{"title":"Pelvic Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Patients With Synchronous Potentially Treatable Liver Metastases","authors":"Yayu Huang, Genwen Chen, Xian Zhang, Yang Qian, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The optimal management strategy for Stage IV rectal cancer with potentially treatable liver metastases remains controversial, particularly regarding the role of pelvic radiotherapy (RT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We intend to investigate the impact of pelvic RT on oncological outcomes of rectal cancer with potentially treatable liver metastasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study included 83 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases from June 2012 to January 2022. All patients underwent radical surgery for rectal cancer and treatment of synchronous liver metastases, as determined by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). We divided the 83 patients into two treatment groups: chemoradiotherapy and surgery (CRT + S) and chemotherapy and surgery (C + S). The CRT + S group (<i>n</i> = 40) received pelvic RT, systemic therapy, and liver metastasis treatment. The C + S group (<i>n</i> = 43) received systemic therapy and liver metastasis treatment only. A total of 83 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 45 months (range 12–127 months). In the CRT + S group, 48.2% (40/83) of patients underwent chemoradiotherapy, while the C + S group comprised 51.8% (43/83) of patients who received chemotherapy only. The CRT + S group demonstrated significantly longer local recurrence-free survival compared to the C + S group (median 37.5 vs. 34 months; <i>p</i> = 0.011). In addition, patients in the CRT + S group had a longer median overall survival (OS) compared to the C + S group (46.50 vs. 44.0 months; <i>p</i> = 0.0497). Notably, achieving no evidence of disease (NED) status after definitive treatment for both primary and liver metastases was associated with improved OS (<i>p</i> = 0.008).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that the addition of pelvic RT to multimodality therapy for patients with rectal cancer and potentially treatable liver metastases may improve local control and long-term survival. The findings support the consideration of RT in the clinical management of this patient population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer is a major cause of mortality. Timely information about cancer mortality trends is essential for prioritizing health programs.
Aims
This study aims to use a Joint point regression model to predict the mortality rates of the top 10 common cancers in Babol City.
Methods
This cross-sectional study considered all registered cancer-related deaths from 2013 to 2021 in the Babol University of Medical Sciences' death registration and classification system. Crude and age-standardized rates and cancer trends were calculated and predicted for the next 5 years, overall and by type of cancer and gender.
Results
Over these 9years, 2417 deaths from the 10 common cancers were recorded. We observed an increase in mortality rates with a slope of 12.05% from 2013 to 2016, and a gentler slope of 3.2% from 2016 to 2021. Cancer mortality rates are predicted to increase by 6.43% in the next 5 years without intervention. Detailed analysis indicates that breast cancer will have the highest mortality rate during 2022–2026, rising by 13.6% annually. Predictions based on gender indicate that, breast cancer mortality will increase by 13.6% annually for women. Also, stomach cancer mortality rates will increase by 0.15% in men annually.
Conclusion
Cancer mortality in Babol remains a significant public health issue with an increasing trend. Nevertheless, these rising mortality rates require urgent interventions, including cancer prevention programs, increased access to medical services, and improved quality of life.
{"title":"Utilization of a Joint Point Regression Model for Predicting Mortality Rates of Common Cancers in Babol City","authors":"Pouyan Ebrahimi, Sara Khaleghi, Mohebat Vali, Sahar Delavari, Soraya Khafri, Mohsen Karami, Layla Shojaie, Hossein-Ali Nikbakht","doi":"10.1002/cnr2.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cnr2.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer is a major cause of mortality. Timely information about cancer mortality trends is essential for prioritizing health programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to use a Joint point regression model to predict the mortality rates of the top 10 common cancers in Babol City.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study considered all registered cancer-related deaths from 2013 to 2021 in the Babol University of Medical Sciences' death registration and classification system. Crude and age-standardized rates and cancer trends were calculated and predicted for the next 5 years, overall and by type of cancer and gender.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over these 9years, 2417 deaths from the 10 common cancers were recorded. We observed an increase in mortality rates with a slope of 12.05% from 2013 to 2016, and a gentler slope of 3.2% from 2016 to 2021. Cancer mortality rates are predicted to increase by 6.43% in the next 5 years without intervention. Detailed analysis indicates that breast cancer will have the highest mortality rate during 2022–2026, rising by 13.6% annually. Predictions based on gender indicate that, breast cancer mortality will increase by 13.6% annually for women. Also, stomach cancer mortality rates will increase by 0.15% in men annually.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer mortality in Babol remains a significant public health issue with an increasing trend. Nevertheless, these rising mortality rates require urgent interventions, including cancer prevention programs, increased access to medical services, and improved quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9440,"journal":{"name":"Cancer reports","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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