Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107699
Serkan Mola , Alp Yıldırım , Nilüfer Onak Kandemir , Gökay Deniz , Enis Burak Gül , Ertekin Utku Ünal
Background
This study investigates the impact of different harvesting techniques on the morphology and endothelial function of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Methods
Fifty-three patients undergoing elective CABG were randomly assigned to two groups based on the harvesting technique: traditional clipping and nonclipping. Histological analyses revealed that arteries in the nonclipped group exhibited greater dilation and preserved endothelial integrity compared to the control group.
Results
The nonclipped group exhibited greater arterial dilation and preserved endothelial integrity compared to the clipped group. Immunostaining for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) showed significantly higher expression in the nonclipped group, conversly COX-2 staining showed fewer expression in the nonclipped group indicating better endothelial function preservation.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that maintaining perfusion during LIMA harvesting may improve endothelial function and potentially enhance graft patency in the long term. Further research is warranted to validate these results and optimize harvesting techniques for CABG procedures.
背景：本研究探讨了不同采集技术对冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）中左乳内动脉（LIMA）移植物形态和内皮功能的影响：方法：53 名接受择期冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者根据采集技术随机分为两组：传统剪切组和非剪切组。组织学分析表明，与对照组相比，未剪切组的动脉扩张程度更大，内皮完整性得到保留：结果：与剪切组相比，未剪切组的动脉扩张程度更大，内皮完整性得到了保护。内皮一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）的免疫染色显示，非夹闭组的表达量明显更高，而 COX-2 的染色显示，非夹闭组的表达量更少，这表明内皮功能得到了更好的保护：这些研究结果表明，在采集 LIMA 时保持灌注可改善内皮功能，并有可能提高移植物的长期通畅性。有必要进一步研究以验证这些结果，并优化 CABG 手术的采集技术。
{"title":"Unlocking vascular vitality: Exploring the impact of LIMA harvesting technique on endothelial health","authors":"Serkan Mola , Alp Yıldırım , Nilüfer Onak Kandemir , Gökay Deniz , Enis Burak Gül , Ertekin Utku Ünal","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigates the impact of different harvesting techniques on the morphology and endothelial function of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-three patients undergoing elective CABG were randomly assigned to two groups based on the harvesting technique: traditional clipping and nonclipping. Histological analyses revealed that arteries in the nonclipped group exhibited greater dilation and preserved endothelial integrity compared to the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nonclipped group exhibited greater arterial dilation and preserved endothelial integrity compared to the clipped group. Immunostaining for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) showed significantly higher expression in the nonclipped group, conversly COX-2 staining showed fewer expression in the nonclipped group indicating better endothelial function preservation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that maintaining perfusion during LIMA harvesting may improve endothelial function and potentially enhance graft patency in the long term. Further research is warranted to validate these results and optimize harvesting techniques for CABG procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) “gray zone” or borderline cases are those in which it is challenging to define whether the pathological findings are sufficiently severe to lead to death. We report a case of a 17-day old male newborn who came to our attention for unexplained death. A complete autopsy was performed, including close examination of the cardiac conduction system. Lungs presented diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial inflammation, the cardiac conduction system showed fetal dispersion, resorptive degeneration, junctional tissue islands and cartilaginous hypermetaplasia of the central fibrous body. The final cause of death was a “gray zone” SIDS. This case report will highlight the intersection of SIDS and pneumonia in newborns, exploring the challenges and controversies surrounding the diagnosis and management of this complex condition.
{"title":"Sudden infant death syndrome “Gray Zone” in newborn with pneumonia","authors":"Tobia Tomasello , Beatrice Paradiso , Tommaso Rizzuti , Alessandro Del Gobbo , Lorenza Pugni , Giulia Ottaviani","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) “gray zone” or borderline cases are those in which it is challenging to define whether the pathological findings are sufficiently severe to lead to death. We report a case of a 17-day old male newborn who came to our attention for unexplained death. A complete autopsy was performed, including close examination of the cardiac conduction system. Lungs presented diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial inflammation, the cardiac conduction system showed fetal dispersion, resorptive degeneration, junctional tissue islands and cartilaginous hypermetaplasia of the central fibrous body. The final cause of death was a “gray zone” SIDS. This case report will highlight the intersection of SIDS and pneumonia in newborns, exploring the challenges and controversies surrounding the diagnosis and management of this complex condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107689
Estibaliz Castillero , Chiara Camillo , Dov Levine , Alex M. D'Angelo , Yaagnik Kosuri , Juan B. Grau , Robert J. Levy , Giovanni Ferrari
Increased serotonin (5HT) concentration and signaling, can lead to pathological remodeling of the cardiac valves. We previously showed that a reduction of the 5HT transporter (SERT) expression in the mitral valve (MV) contributes to the progression of degenerative MV regurgitation (MR). We sought to investigate the myocardial and valvular phenotype of SERT-/- mice in order to identify remodeling mechanisms specific to the MV and left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Using 8- and 16-week-old WT and SERT-/- mice we show that male and female animals deficient of SERT have pathological remodeling of the cardiac valves, myocardial fibrosis, diminished ejection fraction and altered left ventricular dimensions. In the MV and intervalvular area of the aortic valve (AV)-MV, gene expression, including Col1a1 mRNA, was progressively altered with age up until 16 weeks of age. In contrast, in the AV and myocardium, most gene expression changes occurred earlier and plateaued by 8 weeks. To explore basal differences in susceptibility to remodeling stimuli among cardiac valves, valve interstitial cells (VIC) were isolated from AV, MV, tricuspid valve (TV), pulmonary valve (PV) and fibroblasts (Fb) from the myocardial apex from 16 weeks old wild type (WT) mice. After 24h stimulation with 10 µM of 5HT, the gene expression of Col1a1 and Acta2 were upregulated in MVIC to a higher degree than in VIC from other valves and Fb. Treatment with TGFβ1 similarly upregulated Cola1 and Acta2 in MVIC and AVIC, while the increase was milder in right heart VIC and Fb. Experiments were also carried out with human VIC. In comparison to mice, human left heart VIC were more sensitive to 5HT and TGFβ1, upregulating COL1A1 and ACTA2; TGFβ1 upregulated HTR2B expression in all VIC. Our results support the hypothesis that a deleterious cardiac effect of SERT downregulation may be mediated by increased susceptibility to HTR2B-dependent pro-fibrotic mechanisms, which are distinct among VIC populations and cardiac fibroblasts, regardless of SERT activity. Given that HTR2B mechanisms involved in VIC and myocardial remodeling response are due to both 5HT and also to downstream related TGFβ1 and TNFα activity, targeting HTR2B could be a therapeutic strategy for dual treatment of MR and LV remodeling.
{"title":"Serotonin transporter deficiency in mice results in an increased susceptibility to HTR2B-dependent pro-fibrotic mechanisms in the cardiac valves and left ventricular myocardium","authors":"Estibaliz Castillero , Chiara Camillo , Dov Levine , Alex M. D'Angelo , Yaagnik Kosuri , Juan B. Grau , Robert J. Levy , Giovanni Ferrari","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased serotonin (5HT) concentration and signaling, can lead to pathological remodeling of the cardiac valves. We previously showed that a reduction of the 5HT transporter (SERT) expression in the mitral valve (MV) contributes to the progression of degenerative MV regurgitation (MR). We sought to investigate the myocardial and valvular phenotype of SERT<sup>-/-</sup> mice in order to identify remodeling mechanisms specific to the MV and left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Using 8- and 16-week-old WT and SERT<sup>-/-</sup> mice we show that male and female animals deficient of SERT have pathological remodeling of the cardiac valves, myocardial fibrosis, diminished ejection fraction and altered left ventricular dimensions. In the MV and intervalvular area of the aortic valve (AV)-MV, gene expression, including Col1a1 mRNA, was progressively altered with age up until 16 weeks of age. In contrast, in the AV and myocardium, most gene expression changes occurred earlier and plateaued by 8 weeks. To explore basal differences in susceptibility to remodeling stimuli among cardiac valves, valve interstitial cells (VIC) were isolated from AV, MV, tricuspid valve (TV), pulmonary valve (PV) and fibroblasts (Fb) from the myocardial apex from 16 weeks old wild type (WT) mice. After 24h stimulation with 10 µM of 5HT, the gene expression of Col1a1 and Acta2 were upregulated in MVIC to a higher degree than in VIC from other valves and Fb. Treatment with TGFβ1 similarly upregulated Cola1 and Acta2 in MVIC and AVIC, while the increase was milder in right heart VIC and Fb. Experiments were also carried out with human VIC. In comparison to mice, human left heart VIC were more sensitive to 5HT and TGFβ1, upregulating COL1A1 and ACTA2; TGFβ1 upregulated HTR2B expression in all VIC. Our results support the hypothesis that a deleterious cardiac effect of SERT downregulation may be mediated by increased susceptibility to HTR2B-dependent pro-fibrotic mechanisms, which are distinct among VIC populations and cardiac fibroblasts, regardless of SERT activity. Given that HTR2B mechanisms involved in VIC and myocardial remodeling response are due to both 5HT and also to downstream related TGFβ1 and TNFα activity, targeting HTR2B could be a therapeutic strategy for dual treatment of MR and LV remodeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107691
Aleksandra Aljakna Khan , Sara Sabatasso
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition that leads to loss of viable heart tissue. The best way to treat acute MI and limit the infarct size is to re-open the occluded coronary artery and restore the supply of oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood, but reperfusion can cause additional damage. Autophagy is an intracellular process that recycles damaged cytoplasmic components (molecules and organelles) by loading them into autophagosomes and degrading them in autolysosomes. Autophagy is increased in in vivo animal models of permanent ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion but by different molecular mechanisms. While autophagy is protective during permanent ischemia, it is detrimental during ischemia/reperfusion. Its modulation is being investigated as a potential target to reduce reperfusion injury. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge about autophagy, summarizes findings specifically in permanent ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion, and briefly discusses the potential implication of experimental findings.
{"title":"Autophagy in myocardial ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion","authors":"Aleksandra Aljakna Khan , Sara Sabatasso","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition that leads to loss of viable heart tissue. The best way to treat acute MI and limit the infarct size is to re-open the occluded coronary artery and restore the supply of oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood, but reperfusion can cause additional damage. Autophagy is an intracellular process that recycles damaged cytoplasmic components (molecules and organelles) by loading them into autophagosomes and degrading them in autolysosomes. Autophagy is increased in <em>in vivo</em> animal models of permanent ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion but by different molecular mechanisms. While autophagy is protective during permanent ischemia, it is detrimental during ischemia/reperfusion. Its modulation is being investigated as a potential target to reduce reperfusion injury. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge about autophagy, summarizes findings specifically in permanent ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion, and briefly discusses the potential implication of experimental findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107690
Shuhei Toba , Stephen P. Sanders , Takato Yamasaki , Keito Mori , Kentaro Umezu , Motoshi Takao , Chrystalle Katte Carreon
Introduction
Postmortem heart specimens are essential for education and research on the anatomy, morphology, and pathology of congenital heart defects. However, such specimens are rarely obtained these days, and the specimens stored in formalin are inexorably deteriorating. This study aimed to develop methods to archive three-dimensional data of rare human heart specimens and to publish the data.
Methods
All wax-infiltrated human postmortem heart specimens stored in the Cardiac Registry, Boston Children's Hospital were scanned using microfocus computed tomography (X-Tek HMXST225, Nikon Metrology, Inc.), and reproduced using a three-dimensional printer (Form 3B, Formlabs Inc.). The digital models were published as an interactive three-dimensional online atlas. The resolution of the three-dimensional data was evaluated.
Results
The primary diagnoses in the 88 specimens included in the study include normal cardiac anatomy (11 cases), transposition of the great arteries {S,D,D} (11 cases), ventricular septal defect (10 cases), double-outlet right ventricle (9 cases), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (9 cases), and common atrioventricular canal (7 cases). Twenty-five cases (28%) underwent previous surgical or percutaneous interventions to the heart, including Mustard procedure (1 case), Senning procedure (2 cases, one was performed on a postmortem heart specimen). The median voxel size of the three-dimensional data was 40.5 um (IQR, 32.8–64.2). All intracardiac structures were precisely reproduced as digital and physical three-dimensional models.
Conclusions
The methods and resultant models were considered useful for archiving and furthering the utilization of these invaluable specimens. The atlas is available at https://www.sketchfab.com/heartmodels/collections.
{"title":"High-resolution three-dimensional atlas of congenital heart defects based on micro-CT images of human postmortem wax-infiltrated heart specimens","authors":"Shuhei Toba , Stephen P. Sanders , Takato Yamasaki , Keito Mori , Kentaro Umezu , Motoshi Takao , Chrystalle Katte Carreon","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Postmortem heart specimens are essential for education and research on the anatomy, morphology, and pathology of congenital heart defects. However, such specimens are rarely obtained these days, and the specimens stored in formalin are inexorably deteriorating. This study aimed to develop methods to archive three-dimensional data of rare human heart specimens and to publish the data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All wax-infiltrated human postmortem heart specimens stored in the Cardiac Registry, Boston Children's Hospital were scanned using microfocus computed tomography (X-Tek HMXST225, Nikon Metrology, Inc.), and reproduced using a three-dimensional printer (Form 3B, Formlabs Inc.). The digital models were published as an interactive three-dimensional online atlas. The resolution of the three-dimensional data was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The primary diagnoses in the 88 specimens included in the study include normal cardiac anatomy (11 cases), transposition of the great arteries {S,D,D} (11 cases), ventricular septal defect (10 cases), double-outlet right ventricle (9 cases), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (9 cases), and common atrioventricular canal (7 cases). Twenty-five cases (28%) underwent previous surgical or percutaneous interventions to the heart, including Mustard procedure (1 case), Senning procedure (2 cases, one was performed on a postmortem heart specimen). The median voxel size of the three-dimensional data was 40.5 um (IQR, 32.8–64.2). All intracardiac structures were precisely reproduced as digital and physical three-dimensional models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The methods and resultant models were considered useful for archiving and furthering the utilization of these invaluable specimens. The atlas is available at <span><span>https://www.sketchfab.com/heartmodels/collections</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054880724000863/pdfft?md5=eb102195ecc285f6e909d438401479f0&pid=1-s2.0-S1054880724000863-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107688
María Gracia de Garnica García , Laura Mola Solà , Claudia Pérez-Martínez , Luis Duocastella Codina , María Molina Crisol , Alex Gómez Castel , Armando Pérez de Prado
Objective
To investigate the local, downstream, and systemic effects of 2 different paclitaxel-coated balloons.
Design
Preclinical study in healthy peripheral arteries of a swine model, with randomized allocation of the distribution of the devices: the test paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) (LuminorⓇ), a control PCB (IN.PACTⓇ), and a plain angioplasty balloon (OceanusⓇ), considering single (1×) and overlapping (3×) doses with simple blind histologic analysis.
Methods
Twenty animals underwent balloon angioplasty at 1× or 3× doses in the external and internal branches of both femoral arteries and were followed-up for 28 days. Postprocedural and follow-up angiography were carried out. Comprehensive necropsy and histology were used to evaluate the local, downstream and systemic effects.
Results
Angioplasty was successfully carried out in all animals. Significant protocol deviations appeared in 3 arteries (treated with Oceanus®) without clinical relevance. Those samples were excluded from the analysis. All the animals survived the follow-up period without major clinical issues. Local signs of drug toxicity were less marked with Luminor® than IN.PACT® at 1× dose, including endothelial loss (P = .0828), intima/media inflammation (P = .0004), transmural medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss (P = .0016), wall thickness loss (P = .0141), presence of fibrin in the vascular wall (P = .0054), and adventitial inflammation (P = .0080). A similar pattern was observed at the 3× dose for endothelial loss (P = .0011), intima/media inflammation (P < .0001), circumferential SMC loss (P = .0004), medial SMC replacement with proteoglycans (P = .0014), fibrin (P = .0034), and collagen content (P = .0205). Downstream vascular histologic changes were mild although more prevalent in the IN.PACT® 3× group (P = .006). No systemic effects of toxicity were detected in any of the samples analyzed.
Conclusion
Luminor® showed better healing pattern (lower inflammation, and endothelial and muscular loss) than IN.PACT® balloon. The effect was evident at single and triple doses. The prevalence of downstream lesions, albeit low, was higher with the triple dose of IN.PACT® compared with Luminor®.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of local and downstream responses in two commercially available paclitaxel-coated balloons in healthy peripheral arteries of a swine model","authors":"María Gracia de Garnica García , Laura Mola Solà , Claudia Pérez-Martínez , Luis Duocastella Codina , María Molina Crisol , Alex Gómez Castel , Armando Pérez de Prado","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the local, downstream, and systemic effects of 2 different paclitaxel-coated balloons.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Preclinical study in healthy peripheral arteries of a swine model, with randomized allocation of the distribution of the devices: the test paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) (Luminor<sup>Ⓡ</sup>), a control PCB (IN.PACT<sup>Ⓡ</sup>), and a plain angioplasty balloon (Oceanus<sup>Ⓡ</sup>), considering single (1×) and overlapping (3×) doses with simple blind histologic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty animals underwent balloon angioplasty at 1× or 3× doses in the external and internal branches of both femoral arteries and were followed-up for 28 days. Postprocedural and follow-up angiography were carried out. Comprehensive necropsy and histology were used to evaluate the local, downstream and systemic effects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Angioplasty was successfully carried out in all animals. Significant protocol deviations appeared in 3 arteries (treated with Oceanus®) without clinical relevance. Those samples were excluded from the analysis. All the animals survived the follow-up period without major clinical issues. Local signs of drug toxicity were less marked with Luminor® than IN.PACT® at 1× dose, including endothelial loss (<em>P</em> = .0828), intima/media inflammation (<em>P = .</em>0004), transmural medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss (<em>P = .</em>0016), wall thickness loss (<em>P = .</em>0141), presence of fibrin in the vascular wall (<em>P = .</em>0054), and adventitial inflammation (<em>P = .</em>0080). A similar pattern was observed at the 3× dose for endothelial loss (<em>P = .</em>0011), intima/media inflammation (<em>P</em> < .0001), circumferential SMC loss (<em>P = .</em>0004), medial SMC replacement with proteoglycans (<em>P = .</em>0014), fibrin (<em>P</em> = .0034), and collagen content (<em>P = .</em>0205). Downstream vascular histologic changes were mild although more prevalent in the IN.PACT® 3× group (<em>P</em> = .006). No systemic effects of toxicity were detected in any of the samples analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Luminor® showed better healing pattern (lower inflammation, and endothelial and muscular loss) than IN.PACT® balloon. The effect was evident at single and triple doses. The prevalence of downstream lesions, albeit low, was higher with the triple dose of IN.PACT® compared with Luminor®.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105488072400084X/pdfft?md5=5cc18fef6fc22cd638ff97f9b9e647a6&pid=1-s2.0-S105488072400084X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107687
Nicola De Maio , Margot De Marco
{"title":"BAG3 in cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Nicola De Maio , Margot De Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107687","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107686
Ali Fatehi Hassanabad , Jeannine Turnbull , Cheryl Hall , Friederike I. Schoettler , Mortaza Fatehi Hassanabad , Eleanor Love , Emilie de Chantal , Jameson A. Dundas , Carmina A. Isidoro , Sun Kim , Rosalie Morrish , Barb McLellan , Anna N. Zarzycki , Guoqi Teng , Darrell D. Belke , Bryan Har , Paul W.M. Fedak , Justin F. Deniset
Background
Pericardial fluid (PF) contains cells, proteins, and inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases. To date, we lack an adequate understanding of the inflammatory response that acute injury elicits in the pericardial space.
Objective
To characterize the inflammatory profile in the pericardial space acutely after ischemia/reperfusion.
Methods
Pigs were used to establish a percutaneous ischemia/reperfusion injury model. PF was removed from pigs at different time points postanesthesia or postischemia/reperfusion. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the immune cell composition of PF, while multiplex analysis was performed on the acellular portion of PF to determine the concentration of inflammatory mediators. There was a minimum of 3 pigs per group.
Results
While native PF mainly comprises macrophages, we show that neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cell type in the pericardial space after injury. The combination of acute ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and repeatedly accessing the pericardial space significantly increases the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). IR significantly increases the pericardial concentration of TGFβ1 but not TGFβ2. We observed that repeated manipulation of the pericardial space can also drive a robust pro-inflammatory response, resulting in a significant increase in immune cells and the accumulation of potent inflammatory mediators in the pericardial space.
Conclusion
In the present study, we show that both IR and surgical manipulation can drive robust inflammatory processes in the pericardial space, consisting of an increase in inflammatory cytokines and alteration in the number and composition of immune cells.
{"title":"Acute pericardial postischemic inflammatory responses: Characterization using a preclinical porcine model","authors":"Ali Fatehi Hassanabad , Jeannine Turnbull , Cheryl Hall , Friederike I. Schoettler , Mortaza Fatehi Hassanabad , Eleanor Love , Emilie de Chantal , Jameson A. Dundas , Carmina A. Isidoro , Sun Kim , Rosalie Morrish , Barb McLellan , Anna N. Zarzycki , Guoqi Teng , Darrell D. Belke , Bryan Har , Paul W.M. Fedak , Justin F. Deniset","doi":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pericardial fluid (PF) contains cells, proteins, and inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases. To date, we lack an adequate understanding of the inflammatory response that acute injury elicits in the pericardial space.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To characterize the inflammatory profile in the pericardial space acutely after ischemia/reperfusion.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Pigs were used to establish a percutaneous ischemia/reperfusion injury model. PF was removed from pigs at different time points postanesthesia or postischemia/reperfusion. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the immune cell composition of PF, while multiplex analysis was performed on the acellular portion of PF to determine the concentration of inflammatory mediators. There was a minimum of 3 pigs per group.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>While native PF mainly comprises macrophages, we show that neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cell type in the pericardial space after injury. The combination of acute ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and repeatedly accessing the pericardial space significantly increases the concentration of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). IR significantly increases the pericardial concentration of TGFβ1 but not TGFβ2. We observed that repeated manipulation of the pericardial space can also drive a robust pro-inflammatory response, resulting in a significant increase in immune cells and the accumulation of potent inflammatory mediators in the pericardial space.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In the present study, we show that both IR and surgical manipulation can drive robust inflammatory processes in the pericardial space, consisting of an increase in inflammatory cytokines and alteration in the number and composition of immune cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9451,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 107686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054880724000826/pdfft?md5=2e63ee4dedad7d40c1c66d153a3fdba5&pid=1-s2.0-S1054880724000826-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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