Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1250
Jesus D Anampa, Shuwen Lin, Samilia Obeng-Gyasi, Xiaonan Xue
Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) exhibits differences in molecular and biological characteristics compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We aim to compare breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) between patients with ILC and IDC.
Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1992-2020). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with treatment modalities. We examined BCSS at different time points using a cox regression model with time-dependent coefficient.
Results: 343,397 patients with IDC and 39,859 patients with ILC were included. Patients with ILC had more advanced stage disease (stage II, 35% vs. 34%; stage III, 16% vs.11%), and higher rate of hormone receptor-positive disease (97% vs. 81%). Compared to patients with IDC, patients with ILC had better BCSS in the first five years (Hazard ratio [HR]=0.71, p <0.001), but worse BCSS in later years (HR=1.30, p<0.001 in year 6-10; HR=1.75, p<0.001 in year 11-15; HR=2.17, p<0.001 in year 16-20).
Conclusions: Patients with ILC survive better in early years but worse in later years compared to patients with IDC. Future studies are required to identify patients with ILC who are at risk of late recurrence or mortality.
Impact: The results of this study add to the currently conflicting literature of survival of ILC and demonstrate the importance of evaluating novel therapeutic approaches and extended therapy for patients with ILC.
{"title":"Treatment and survival differences between patients with invasive lobular carcinoma versus invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.","authors":"Jesus D Anampa, Shuwen Lin, Samilia Obeng-Gyasi, Xiaonan Xue","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) exhibits differences in molecular and biological characteristics compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We aim to compare breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) between patients with ILC and IDC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1992-2020). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with treatment modalities. We examined BCSS at different time points using a cox regression model with time-dependent coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>343,397 patients with IDC and 39,859 patients with ILC were included. Patients with ILC had more advanced stage disease (stage II, 35% vs. 34%; stage III, 16% vs.11%), and higher rate of hormone receptor-positive disease (97% vs. 81%). Compared to patients with IDC, patients with ILC had better BCSS in the first five years (Hazard ratio [HR]=0.71, p <0.001), but worse BCSS in later years (HR=1.30, p<0.001 in year 6-10; HR=1.75, p<0.001 in year 11-15; HR=2.17, p<0.001 in year 16-20).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with ILC survive better in early years but worse in later years compared to patients with IDC. Future studies are required to identify patients with ILC who are at risk of late recurrence or mortality.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The results of this study add to the currently conflicting literature of survival of ILC and demonstrate the importance of evaluating novel therapeutic approaches and extended therapy for patients with ILC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0636
Matthew T Warkentin, Winson Y Cheung, Darren R Brenner, Dylan E O'Sullivan
Background: Improvements in cancer control have led to a drastic increase in cancer survivors who may be at an elevated risk of developing subsequent primary cancers (SPC). In this study, we assessed the risk and patterns of SPC development among 196,858 adult cancer survivors in Alberta, Canada.
Methods: We used data from the Alberta Cancer Registry to identify all first primary cancers occurring between 2004 and 2020. A SPC was considered as the next primary cancer occurring in a different site. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for SPC development as the observed number of SPC (O) divided by the expected number of SPC (E), where E is a weighted-sum of the population-based year-age-sex-specific incidence rates and the corresponding person-years of follow-up.
Results: The risk of developing a SPC up to fifteen years after an initial cancer was 16.2% for males and 12.2% for females. Overall, both males (SIR=1.50) and females (SIR=1.58) had an increased risk of a SPC. There were significant increases in SPC risk for nearly all age groups, with a greater than 5-fold increase for survivors diagnosed between ages 18-39. Screen-detectable cancers including colorectal, lung, cervix, and breast accounted for 46% and 27% of SPCs among females and males.
Conclusions: Cancer survivors of nearly every initial site had substantially increased risk of a SPC, compared to the cancer risk in the general population.
Impact: Screen-detectable cancers were common SPC sites and highlights the need to investigate optimal strategies for screening the growing population of cancer survivors.
{"title":"Risk of developing a subsequent primary cancer among adult cancer survivors.","authors":"Matthew T Warkentin, Winson Y Cheung, Darren R Brenner, Dylan E O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improvements in cancer control have led to a drastic increase in cancer survivors who may be at an elevated risk of developing subsequent primary cancers (SPC). In this study, we assessed the risk and patterns of SPC development among 196,858 adult cancer survivors in Alberta, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Alberta Cancer Registry to identify all first primary cancers occurring between 2004 and 2020. A SPC was considered as the next primary cancer occurring in a different site. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for SPC development as the observed number of SPC (O) divided by the expected number of SPC (E), where E is a weighted-sum of the population-based year-age-sex-specific incidence rates and the corresponding person-years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The risk of developing a SPC up to fifteen years after an initial cancer was 16.2% for males and 12.2% for females. Overall, both males (SIR=1.50) and females (SIR=1.58) had an increased risk of a SPC. There were significant increases in SPC risk for nearly all age groups, with a greater than 5-fold increase for survivors diagnosed between ages 18-39. Screen-detectable cancers including colorectal, lung, cervix, and breast accounted for 46% and 27% of SPCs among females and males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cancer survivors of nearly every initial site had substantially increased risk of a SPC, compared to the cancer risk in the general population.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Screen-detectable cancers were common SPC sites and highlights the need to investigate optimal strategies for screening the growing population of cancer survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1186
Brigid K Grabert, Mary Catharine McKeithen, Justin G Trogdon, Lisa P Spees, Stephanie B Wheeler, Jenny K Myers, Jennifer C Spencer, Melissa B Gilkey
Background: HPV vaccination coverage is characterized by geographic disparities in the US, with national studies finding lower coverage in rural versus nonrural areas. To direct quality improvement efforts in North Carolina, we sought to understand how different rurality measures characterize these disparities.
Methods: We used separate negative binomial regression models to test associations between 5 dichotomized county-level rurality measures and HPV vaccination coverage (≥1 dose) among North Carolina adolescents, ages 11-12 (n=326,345). Rurality measures were derived from: Office of Management and Budget's Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, Index of Relative Rurality, US Census Bureau classifications, and North Carolina Rural Center classifications. Models controlled for Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) percentile and rate of pediatricians per county. Vaccination data came from the North Carolina Immunization Registry.
Results: HPV vaccination coverage was 29% across North Carolina's 100 counties (range: 13%, 46%). Agreement between rurality measures ranged from 54% to 93% of counties. In adjusted analyses, none of the 5 rurality measures correlated with HPV vaccination coverage, but higher SVI and higher rate of pediatricians were positively associated with coverage (p< 0.01). Exploratory moderation analyses suggested regional variation in the relationship between rurality and coverage, with a positive association in one region, a negative association in one region, and no association in four regions.
Conclusions: County-level rurality measures did not identify disparities in HPV vaccination coverage in North Carolina.
Impact: Measures related to social vulnerability and access to pediatricians may be better suited for understanding and addressing the state's substantial county-level vaccination disparities.
{"title":"Identifying measures for understanding and addressing county-level disparities in adolescent HPV vaccination coverage in North Carolina.","authors":"Brigid K Grabert, Mary Catharine McKeithen, Justin G Trogdon, Lisa P Spees, Stephanie B Wheeler, Jenny K Myers, Jennifer C Spencer, Melissa B Gilkey","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-1186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HPV vaccination coverage is characterized by geographic disparities in the US, with national studies finding lower coverage in rural versus nonrural areas. To direct quality improvement efforts in North Carolina, we sought to understand how different rurality measures characterize these disparities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used separate negative binomial regression models to test associations between 5 dichotomized county-level rurality measures and HPV vaccination coverage (≥1 dose) among North Carolina adolescents, ages 11-12 (n=326,345). Rurality measures were derived from: Office of Management and Budget's Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, Index of Relative Rurality, US Census Bureau classifications, and North Carolina Rural Center classifications. Models controlled for Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) percentile and rate of pediatricians per county. Vaccination data came from the North Carolina Immunization Registry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPV vaccination coverage was 29% across North Carolina's 100 counties (range: 13%, 46%). Agreement between rurality measures ranged from 54% to 93% of counties. In adjusted analyses, none of the 5 rurality measures correlated with HPV vaccination coverage, but higher SVI and higher rate of pediatricians were positively associated with coverage (p< 0.01). Exploratory moderation analyses suggested regional variation in the relationship between rurality and coverage, with a positive association in one region, a negative association in one region, and no association in four regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>County-level rurality measures did not identify disparities in HPV vaccination coverage in North Carolina.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Measures related to social vulnerability and access to pediatricians may be better suited for understanding and addressing the state's substantial county-level vaccination disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0540
Kilan C Ashad-Bishop, Jessica Star, Angela N Giaquinto, Robert A Smith, Ahmedin Jemal, Priti Bandi
Background: Annual mammography screening declined year-on-year during the COVID-19 pandemic through 2021. This study examined changes in 2022 compared to 2018 in the national prevalence of self-reported up-to-date mammography.
Methods: Using 2018-2022 data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we assess relative changes defined as annual prevalence ratios (aPR) in the SR receipt of past-year and up-to-date (UTD) breast cancer screening (bi-annual mammography in women ages 50-74 years) during the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic overall and by sociodemographic characteristics.
Results: UTD BC screening declined for the first time since 2018 (2018 compared to 2022, from 78.7% to 76.6%; aPR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.98), despite a small increase in past-year breast cancer screening from 2020 and 2022 (57.9% to 59.6%; aPR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). This translated to 747,791 fewer women reporting UTD with recommended BC screening in 2022 vs. 2018. UTD BC screening declines between 2018-2022 were largest for American Indian/Alaska Native women (74.8% to 62.2%; aPR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.93), women with less formal educational attainment (< high school: 73.1% to 65.5%; aPR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.85-0.95), and women without a usual source of care (48% to 42.9%; aPR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.92).
Conclusions: Previously noted pandemic-related declines in past-year BC screening now reflect in women reporting being UTD, with the largest declines in AI/AN and lower SES women.
Impact: Future studies should monitor screening prevalence in relation to BC diagnostic stage, overall and by sociodemographic groups.
背景:在COVID-19大流行期间至2021年,乳腺X线照相术年筛查率逐年下降。本研究考察了 2022 年与 2018 年相比,全国自我报告的最新乳腺放射摄影流行率的变化情况:利用疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)行为风险因素监测系统(BRFSS)提供的2018-2022年数据,我们评估了COVID-19大流行第三年期间SR接受过去一年和最新(UTD)乳腺癌筛查(50-74岁女性一年两次乳房X线照相术)的相对变化(定义为年流行率比(aPR)):自2018年以来,UTD BC筛查率首次下降(2018年与2022年相比,从78.7%降至76.6%;aPR,0.97;95% CI,0.96-0.98),尽管从2020年到2022年,上一年的乳腺癌筛查率略有增加(57.9%增至59.6%;aPR,1.03;95% CI,1.01-1.05)。这意味着 2022 年与 2018 年相比,报告UTD 接受建议 BC 筛查的女性人数减少了 747 791 人。2018-2022年期间,美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民妇女(74.8%降至62.2%;aPR,0.83;95% CI,0.74-0.93)、正规教育程度较低的妇女(<高中:73.1%降至65.5%;aPR,0.9;95% CI,0.85-0.95)和没有惯常护理来源的妇女(48%降至42.9%;aPR,0.85;95% CI,0.78-0.92)的UTD BC筛查下降幅度最大:结论:之前注意到的与大流行相关的上一年 BC 筛查率的下降现在反映在报告未接受筛查的女性中,其中下降幅度最大的是亚裔美国人/印第安人和社会经济地位较低的女性:影响:未来的研究应监测筛查流行率与 BC 诊断阶段的关系,包括总体流行率和社会人口群体流行率。
{"title":"Changes in Breast Cancer Screening Prevalence in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2018-2022.","authors":"Kilan C Ashad-Bishop, Jessica Star, Angela N Giaquinto, Robert A Smith, Ahmedin Jemal, Priti Bandi","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Annual mammography screening declined year-on-year during the COVID-19 pandemic through 2021. This study examined changes in 2022 compared to 2018 in the national prevalence of self-reported up-to-date mammography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using 2018-2022 data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we assess relative changes defined as annual prevalence ratios (aPR) in the SR receipt of past-year and up-to-date (UTD) breast cancer screening (bi-annual mammography in women ages 50-74 years) during the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic overall and by sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UTD BC screening declined for the first time since 2018 (2018 compared to 2022, from 78.7% to 76.6%; aPR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.98), despite a small increase in past-year breast cancer screening from 2020 and 2022 (57.9% to 59.6%; aPR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). This translated to 747,791 fewer women reporting UTD with recommended BC screening in 2022 vs. 2018. UTD BC screening declines between 2018-2022 were largest for American Indian/Alaska Native women (74.8% to 62.2%; aPR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.93), women with less formal educational attainment (< high school: 73.1% to 65.5%; aPR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.85-0.95), and women without a usual source of care (48% to 42.9%; aPR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Previously noted pandemic-related declines in past-year BC screening now reflect in women reporting being UTD, with the largest declines in AI/AN and lower SES women.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Future studies should monitor screening prevalence in relation to BC diagnostic stage, overall and by sociodemographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0743
Rebecca D Kehm, Jeanine M Genkinger, Julia A Knight, Robert J Maclnnis, Yuyan Liao, Shuai Li, Prue C Weideman, Wendy K Chung, Allison W Kurian, Sarah V Colonna, Irene L Andrulis, Saundra S Buys, Mary B Daly, Esther M John, John L Hopper, Mary Beth Terry
Background: Breast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing in women under age 40 years, underscoring the need for research on BC risk factors for younger women.
Methods: We used data from an international family cohort (n=26,348) to examine whether recreational physical activity (RPA) during adolescence and early adulthood are associated with BC risk before age 40. The cohort includes 2,502 women diagnosed with BC before age 40, including 2,408 diagnosed before study enrollment (68% within 5 years of enrollment). Women reported their average hours-per-week of moderate and strenuous RPA during adolescence (12-17 years) and early adulthood (25-34 years), which were converted to total age-adjusted metabolic equivalents-per-week and categorized into quartiles. We conducted attained age analyses until age 40 (follow-up time began at age 18) using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for study center, race and ethnicity, and education.
Results: Being in the highest versus lowest quartile of RPA during adolescence and early adulthood were respectively associated with 12% [HR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.78, 0.98)] and 16% [HR (95% CI): 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) lower BC risks before age 40. Being in the highest quartile of RPA during both adolescence and early adulthood (Pearson correlation=0.52) versus neither timepoint was associated with a 22% lower risk [HR (95% CI): 0.78 (0.68, 0.89)].
Conclusions: Findings suggest that RPA during adolescence and early adulthood may lower BC risk before age 40.
Impact: Policies promoting physical activity during adolescence and early adulthood may be important for reducing the growing burden of breast cancer in younger women.
{"title":"Physical activity during adolescence and early adulthood and breast cancer risk before age 40 years.","authors":"Rebecca D Kehm, Jeanine M Genkinger, Julia A Knight, Robert J Maclnnis, Yuyan Liao, Shuai Li, Prue C Weideman, Wendy K Chung, Allison W Kurian, Sarah V Colonna, Irene L Andrulis, Saundra S Buys, Mary B Daly, Esther M John, John L Hopper, Mary Beth Terry","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing in women under age 40 years, underscoring the need for research on BC risk factors for younger women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from an international family cohort (n=26,348) to examine whether recreational physical activity (RPA) during adolescence and early adulthood are associated with BC risk before age 40. The cohort includes 2,502 women diagnosed with BC before age 40, including 2,408 diagnosed before study enrollment (68% within 5 years of enrollment). Women reported their average hours-per-week of moderate and strenuous RPA during adolescence (12-17 years) and early adulthood (25-34 years), which were converted to total age-adjusted metabolic equivalents-per-week and categorized into quartiles. We conducted attained age analyses until age 40 (follow-up time began at age 18) using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for study center, race and ethnicity, and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Being in the highest versus lowest quartile of RPA during adolescence and early adulthood were respectively associated with 12% [HR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.78, 0.98)] and 16% [HR (95% CI): 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) lower BC risks before age 40. Being in the highest quartile of RPA during both adolescence and early adulthood (Pearson correlation=0.52) versus neither timepoint was associated with a 22% lower risk [HR (95% CI): 0.78 (0.68, 0.89)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that RPA during adolescence and early adulthood may lower BC risk before age 40.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Policies promoting physical activity during adolescence and early adulthood may be important for reducing the growing burden of breast cancer in younger women.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0713
Wasim Hamad, Bogdan Grigore, Hugo Walford, Jaime Peters, Panos Alexandris, Stefanie Bonfield, Laura Standen, Rachel Boscott, Dawnya Behiyat, Isla Kuhn, Richard D Neal, Fiona M Walter, Natalia Calanzani
Intrathoracic cancers, including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and thymoma, present diagnostic challenges in primary care. Biomarkers could resolve some challenges. We synthesized evidence on biomarkers performance for intrathoracic cancer detection in low-prevalence settings. A search in EMBASE and MEDLINE included studies that recruited participants with suspected intrathoracic cancer and reported on at least one diagnostic measure for a validated, non-invasive biomarker. Studies were excluded if participants were recruited based on a pre-established diagnosis. Fifty-two studies were included, reporting on 108 individual biomarkers and panels. CEA, CYFRA 21.1, and VEGF were evaluated for lung cancer and mesothelioma. For lung cancer, CEA and CYFRA 21.1 were most studied, with AUCs of 0.48-0.90 and 0.48-0.83, respectively. Pro-GRP and NSE had the highest NPVs (98.2%, 96.9%), while Early-CDT and MSC panels showed NPVs of 99.3% and 99.0% in smokers. For mesothelioma, Fibrillin-3 and mesothelin plus osteopontin had AUCs of 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. Thymoma panels (Binding AcHR + StrAb) and (Binding AcHR + Modulating AcHR + StrAb) had 100% NPVs in myasthenia gravis patients. The review highlights the performance of some biomarkers. However, few were evaluated in low-prevalence settings. Further evaluation is necessary before implementing these biomarkers for intrathoracic cancers in primary care.
{"title":"Biomarkers suitable for early detection of intrathoracic cancers in primary care: a systematic review.","authors":"Wasim Hamad, Bogdan Grigore, Hugo Walford, Jaime Peters, Panos Alexandris, Stefanie Bonfield, Laura Standen, Rachel Boscott, Dawnya Behiyat, Isla Kuhn, Richard D Neal, Fiona M Walter, Natalia Calanzani","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrathoracic cancers, including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and thymoma, present diagnostic challenges in primary care. Biomarkers could resolve some challenges. We synthesized evidence on biomarkers performance for intrathoracic cancer detection in low-prevalence settings. A search in EMBASE and MEDLINE included studies that recruited participants with suspected intrathoracic cancer and reported on at least one diagnostic measure for a validated, non-invasive biomarker. Studies were excluded if participants were recruited based on a pre-established diagnosis. Fifty-two studies were included, reporting on 108 individual biomarkers and panels. CEA, CYFRA 21.1, and VEGF were evaluated for lung cancer and mesothelioma. For lung cancer, CEA and CYFRA 21.1 were most studied, with AUCs of 0.48-0.90 and 0.48-0.83, respectively. Pro-GRP and NSE had the highest NPVs (98.2%, 96.9%), while Early-CDT and MSC panels showed NPVs of 99.3% and 99.0% in smokers. For mesothelioma, Fibrillin-3 and mesothelin plus osteopontin had AUCs of 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. Thymoma panels (Binding AcHR + StrAb) and (Binding AcHR + Modulating AcHR + StrAb) had 100% NPVs in myasthenia gravis patients. The review highlights the performance of some biomarkers. However, few were evaluated in low-prevalence settings. Further evaluation is necessary before implementing these biomarkers for intrathoracic cancers in primary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0644
Yingmiao Liu, Jiatong Li, Jing Lyu, Lauren E Howard, Alexander B Sibley, Mark D Starr, John C Brady, Christy Arrowood, Elise C Kohn, S Percy Ivy, Herbert I Hurwitz, James L Abbruzzese, Kouros Owzar, Andrew B Nixon
Background: Biomarker analyses are an integral part of cancer research. Despite the intense efforts to identify and characterize biomarkers in cancer patients, little is known regarding the natural variation of biomarkers in healthy populations. Here we conducted a clinical study to evaluate the natural variability of biomarkers over time in healthy participants.
Methods: The angiome multiplex array, a panel of 25 circulating protein biomarkers, was assessed in 28 healthy participants across 8 timepoints over the span of 60 days. We utilized the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to quantify the reliability of the biomarkers. Adjusted ICC values were calculated under the framework of a linear mixed-effects model, taking into consideration age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fasting status, and sampling factors.
Results: ICC was calculated to determine the reliability of each biomarker. HGF was the most stable marker (ICC=0.973), while PDGF-BB was the most variable marker (ICC=0.167). In total, ICC analyses revealed that 22 out of 25 measured biomarkers display good (≥0.4) to excellent (>0.75) ICC values. Three markers (PDGF-BB, TGF-1, PDGF-AA) had ICC values <0.4. Greater age was associated with higher IL-6 (p=0.0114). Higher BMI was associated with higher levels of IL-6 (p=0.0003) and VEGF-R3 (p=0.0045).
Conclusions: Of the 25 protein biomarkers measured over this short time period, 22 markers were found to have good or excellent ICC values, providing additional validation for this biomarker assay.
Impact: This data further supports the validation of the angiome biomarker assay and its application as an integrated biomarker in clinical trial testing.
{"title":"Characterization of the Biological Variability of the Angiome Biomarkers over Time in Healthy Subjects.","authors":"Yingmiao Liu, Jiatong Li, Jing Lyu, Lauren E Howard, Alexander B Sibley, Mark D Starr, John C Brady, Christy Arrowood, Elise C Kohn, S Percy Ivy, Herbert I Hurwitz, James L Abbruzzese, Kouros Owzar, Andrew B Nixon","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biomarker analyses are an integral part of cancer research. Despite the intense efforts to identify and characterize biomarkers in cancer patients, little is known regarding the natural variation of biomarkers in healthy populations. Here we conducted a clinical study to evaluate the natural variability of biomarkers over time in healthy participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The angiome multiplex array, a panel of 25 circulating protein biomarkers, was assessed in 28 healthy participants across 8 timepoints over the span of 60 days. We utilized the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to quantify the reliability of the biomarkers. Adjusted ICC values were calculated under the framework of a linear mixed-effects model, taking into consideration age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fasting status, and sampling factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ICC was calculated to determine the reliability of each biomarker. HGF was the most stable marker (ICC=0.973), while PDGF-BB was the most variable marker (ICC=0.167). In total, ICC analyses revealed that 22 out of 25 measured biomarkers display good (≥0.4) to excellent (>0.75) ICC values. Three markers (PDGF-BB, TGF-1, PDGF-AA) had ICC values <0.4. Greater age was associated with higher IL-6 (p=0.0114). Higher BMI was associated with higher levels of IL-6 (p=0.0003) and VEGF-R3 (p=0.0045).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Of the 25 protein biomarkers measured over this short time period, 22 markers were found to have good or excellent ICC values, providing additional validation for this biomarker assay.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This data further supports the validation of the angiome biomarker assay and its application as an integrated biomarker in clinical trial testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0955
Hongying Daisy Dai, Sara Reyes, James Buckley, Patrick Maloney
Background: The current e-cigarette market has been rapidly evolving with an increase in the share of high nicotine concentration vaping products. This study examined urinary biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) by nicotine concentration level among exclusive e-cigarette users.
Methods: Data were drawn from Wave 5 (December 2018-November 2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Between-subject differences in BOEs of nicotine, metal, tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were examined across e-cigarettes containing nicotine or not (yes [n=300] vs. no [n=31] vs. non-tobacco use [n=3021]) and different nicotine concentration levels (0.1-1.7%, 1.8-4.9%, and 5.0%+).
Results: Among 3353 participants, exclusive e-cigarette users exhibited higher mean concentrations of nicotine metabolites than non-tobacco users. Nicotine e-cigarette users had higher concentrations of TNE2 (mean [95% CI]=21.8 [15.2-31.2] vs. 0.2 [0.1-0.6] nmol/mg creatinine, p<.0001) and cotinine (1418.2 [998.0-2015.4] vs. 12.2 [0.1-0.6], p<.0001) ng/mg creatinine, p<.0001) than non-nicotine e-cigarette users. Users of e-cigarette products with nicotine levels of 1.8-4.9% had higher TNE2 and cotinine levels than those using 0.1-1.7%, though differences were insignificant after adjusting for covariates. As compared to non-tobacco users, nicotine vapers had higher concentrations of lead (adjusted p=0.01).
Conclusions: Nicotine containing e-cigarette users exhibited elevated levels of nicotine metabolites than non-nicotine containing vapers and non-tobacco users. Future research needs to investigate health effects of e-cigarette use across different nicotine levels Impact: Regulating the nicotine content in e-cigarettes could be crucial in managing nicotine exposure and potentially mitigating associated health risks.
背景:目前的电子烟市场发展迅速,高尼古丁浓度的电子烟产品所占的份额越来越大。本研究按尼古丁浓度水平检测了电子烟独家使用者的尿液生物标志物暴露(BOEs):数据来自烟草与健康人群评估(PATH)研究的第 5 波(2018 年 12 月至 2019 年 11 月)。研究对象间尼古丁、金属、烟草特异性亚硝胺(TSNA)和挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的BOEs差异取决于电子烟是否含有尼古丁(含有[n=300] vs. 不含有[n=31] vs. 不使用烟草[n=3021])以及不同的尼古丁浓度水平(0.1%-1.7%、1.8%-4.9%和5.0%以上):结果:在3353名参与者中,专门使用电子烟者的尼古丁代谢物平均浓度高于非烟草使用者。尼古丁电子烟使用者的 TNE2 浓度更高(平均值[95% CI]=21.8 [15.2-31.2] vs. 0.2 [0.1-0.6] nmol/mg creatinine,pConclusions):与不含尼古丁的吸食者和非烟草使用者相比,含尼古丁的电子烟使用者的尼古丁代谢物水平较高。未来的研究需要调查不同尼古丁含量的电子烟对健康的影响:规范电子烟中的尼古丁含量对于管理尼古丁暴露和降低相关健康风险至关重要。
{"title":"Biomarkers of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure by E-liquid Nicotine Concentration Level among U.S. Adult Exclusive E-cigarette Users.","authors":"Hongying Daisy Dai, Sara Reyes, James Buckley, Patrick Maloney","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current e-cigarette market has been rapidly evolving with an increase in the share of high nicotine concentration vaping products. This study examined urinary biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) by nicotine concentration level among exclusive e-cigarette users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from Wave 5 (December 2018-November 2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Between-subject differences in BOEs of nicotine, metal, tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were examined across e-cigarettes containing nicotine or not (yes [n=300] vs. no [n=31] vs. non-tobacco use [n=3021]) and different nicotine concentration levels (0.1-1.7%, 1.8-4.9%, and 5.0%+).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3353 participants, exclusive e-cigarette users exhibited higher mean concentrations of nicotine metabolites than non-tobacco users. Nicotine e-cigarette users had higher concentrations of TNE2 (mean [95% CI]=21.8 [15.2-31.2] vs. 0.2 [0.1-0.6] nmol/mg creatinine, p<.0001) and cotinine (1418.2 [998.0-2015.4] vs. 12.2 [0.1-0.6], p<.0001) ng/mg creatinine, p<.0001) than non-nicotine e-cigarette users. Users of e-cigarette products with nicotine levels of 1.8-4.9% had higher TNE2 and cotinine levels than those using 0.1-1.7%, though differences were insignificant after adjusting for covariates. As compared to non-tobacco users, nicotine vapers had higher concentrations of lead (adjusted p=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nicotine containing e-cigarette users exhibited elevated levels of nicotine metabolites than non-nicotine containing vapers and non-tobacco users. Future research needs to investigate health effects of e-cigarette use across different nicotine levels Impact: Regulating the nicotine content in e-cigarettes could be crucial in managing nicotine exposure and potentially mitigating associated health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0834
Nicole C Loroña, Caroline Himbert, Jennifer Ose, Stacey A Cohen, Ildiko Strehli, Cornelia M Ulrich, Sofia Cobos, Esther Jean-Baptiste, Amanda M Bloomer, Jane C Figueiredo, Biljana Gigic, Sheetal Hardikar, Meghana Karchi, Matthew Mutch, Anita R Peoples, Martin Schneider, David Shibata, Erin M Siegel, Adetunji T Toriola, Elizabeth H Wood, Christopher I Li
Background: Findings from studies investigating the impacts of alcohol use and smoking on colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes are inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate associations between alcohol use and smoking status at the time of diagnosis on recurrence and overall mortality among patients with CRC.
Methods: The present study included 2,216 stage I-IV patients with CRC from the longitudinal multi-center ColoCare study, with available data on recurrence and CRC-specific mortality. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, stage, tumor site, treatment, comorbidities, body mass index, and study site were fit, with imputations for missing data.
Results: We observed 235 recurrences and 308 CRC-specific deaths over an average of 3 years of follow-up. After adjusting for confounders, current alcohol consumption and ever smoking, relative to not current consumption and never smoking, respectively, were not statistically significantly associated with CRC recurrence (Alcohol - HR: 0.95. 95% CI: 0.71-1.29; Ever smoking - HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75-1.29) or CRC-specific mortality (Alcohol - HR: 0.95. 95% CI: 0.74-1.22; Ever smoking - HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.77-1.24).
Conclusions: No associations were observed between alcohol and smoking at diagnosis and clinical outcomes in this well-annotated longitudinal cohort.
Impact: Our cohort study reports no significant associations; however, limiting alcohol use and avoiding smoking are health behaviors recommended for CRC survivors for prevention of other cancers and chronic conditions.
{"title":"Alcohol consumption and smoking history at time of diagnosis, and risk of colorectal cancer recurrence and mortality: Results from the ColoCare Study.","authors":"Nicole C Loroña, Caroline Himbert, Jennifer Ose, Stacey A Cohen, Ildiko Strehli, Cornelia M Ulrich, Sofia Cobos, Esther Jean-Baptiste, Amanda M Bloomer, Jane C Figueiredo, Biljana Gigic, Sheetal Hardikar, Meghana Karchi, Matthew Mutch, Anita R Peoples, Martin Schneider, David Shibata, Erin M Siegel, Adetunji T Toriola, Elizabeth H Wood, Christopher I Li","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Findings from studies investigating the impacts of alcohol use and smoking on colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes are inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate associations between alcohol use and smoking status at the time of diagnosis on recurrence and overall mortality among patients with CRC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study included 2,216 stage I-IV patients with CRC from the longitudinal multi-center ColoCare study, with available data on recurrence and CRC-specific mortality. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, stage, tumor site, treatment, comorbidities, body mass index, and study site were fit, with imputations for missing data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed 235 recurrences and 308 CRC-specific deaths over an average of 3 years of follow-up. After adjusting for confounders, current alcohol consumption and ever smoking, relative to not current consumption and never smoking, respectively, were not statistically significantly associated with CRC recurrence (Alcohol - HR: 0.95. 95% CI: 0.71-1.29; Ever smoking - HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75-1.29) or CRC-specific mortality (Alcohol - HR: 0.95. 95% CI: 0.74-1.22; Ever smoking - HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.77-1.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No associations were observed between alcohol and smoking at diagnosis and clinical outcomes in this well-annotated longitudinal cohort.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our cohort study reports no significant associations; however, limiting alcohol use and avoiding smoking are health behaviors recommended for CRC survivors for prevention of other cancers and chronic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0833
Anne-Michelle Noone, Angela B Mariotto, Yoon Duk Hong, Lindsey Enewold
Background: Almost half of Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with cancer from 1992-2005 had at least one comorbid condition. Conditions impact a range of domains from clinical decision making to quality of life which are important to consider when conducting cancer research. We introduce a new SEER-Medicare resource to facilitate using claims data for cancer patients.
Methods: We use the SEER-Medicare resource to estimate prevalence of comorbidities, 5-year survival rate by cancer site, stage, age and comorbidity severity, and prevalence of surgery by comorbidity for breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer.
Results: Overall, the most prevalent comorbidities in the year prior to cancer diagnosis were diabetes (27%), COPD (22%), peripheral vascular disease (14%), and congestive heart failure (12%). Comorbidity severity had a greater impact on the probability of dying from non-cancer causes than from dying from cancer. Severity of comorbidity and age consistently increased the probability of non-cancer death. The percentage of persons receiving surgery tended to be lower among those with severe comorbidity.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates the utility of new SEER*stat databases that contain Medicare beneficiaries and claims-based measures of comorbidity. Our results demonstrate that comorbidity is common among older persons diagnosed with cancer and the impact of comorbidity on the probability of dying from cancer varies by cancer site, stage at diagnosis and age.
Impact: Comorbidity is common among persons with cancer and impacts survival. Future research on the impact of comorbidity among cancer survivors is facilitated by new databases.
{"title":"Assessing 1 year Comorbidity Prevalence and Its Survival Implications in Medicare Beneficiaries Diagnosed with Cancer: Insights from a new SEER-Medicare Resource.","authors":"Anne-Michelle Noone, Angela B Mariotto, Yoon Duk Hong, Lindsey Enewold","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0833","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Almost half of Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with cancer from 1992-2005 had at least one comorbid condition. Conditions impact a range of domains from clinical decision making to quality of life which are important to consider when conducting cancer research. We introduce a new SEER-Medicare resource to facilitate using claims data for cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use the SEER-Medicare resource to estimate prevalence of comorbidities, 5-year survival rate by cancer site, stage, age and comorbidity severity, and prevalence of surgery by comorbidity for breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the most prevalent comorbidities in the year prior to cancer diagnosis were diabetes (27%), COPD (22%), peripheral vascular disease (14%), and congestive heart failure (12%). Comorbidity severity had a greater impact on the probability of dying from non-cancer causes than from dying from cancer. Severity of comorbidity and age consistently increased the probability of non-cancer death. The percentage of persons receiving surgery tended to be lower among those with severe comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the utility of new SEER*stat databases that contain Medicare beneficiaries and claims-based measures of comorbidity. Our results demonstrate that comorbidity is common among older persons diagnosed with cancer and the impact of comorbidity on the probability of dying from cancer varies by cancer site, stage at diagnosis and age.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Comorbidity is common among persons with cancer and impacts survival. Future research on the impact of comorbidity among cancer survivors is facilitated by new databases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9458,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}