Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society最新文献

{"title":"Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure – ACTRIS, the European research infrastructure supporting atmospheric science","authors":"Paolo Laj, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Véronique Riffault, Vassilis Amiridis, Hendrik Fuchs, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Tuukka Petäjä, Thérèse Salameh, Niku Kivekäs, Eija Juurola, Giulia Saponaro, Sabine Philippin, Carmela Cornacchia, Lucas Alados Arboledas, Holger Baars, Anja Claude, Martine De Mazière, Bart Dils, Marvin Dufresne, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Olivier Favez, Markus Fiebig, Martial Haeffelin, Hartmut Herrmann, Kristina Höhler, Niklas Illmann, Axel Kreuter, Elke Ludewig, Eleni Marinou, Ottmar Möhler, Lucia Mona, Lise Eder Murberg, Doina Nicolae, Anna Novelli, Ewan O'Connor, Kevin Ohneiser, Rosa Maria Petracca Altieri, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Dominik van Pinxteren, Bernhard Pospichal, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Stefan Reimann, Nikolaos Siomos, Iwona Stachlewska, Ralf Tillmann, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Ulla Wandinger, Alfred Wiedensohler, Arnoud Apituley, Adolfo Comerón, Martin Gysel-Beer, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Nina Nikolova, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Stéphane Sauvage, Jean Sciare, Henrik Skov, Tove Svendby, Erik Swietlicki, Dimitar Tonev, Geraint Vaughan, Vladimir Zdimal, Urs Baltensperger, Jean-François Doussin, Markku Kulmala, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Sanna Sorvari Sundet, Milan Vana","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0064.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0064.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) officially became the 33rd European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) on April 25, 2023 with the support of 17 founding member and observer countries. As a pan-European legal organization, ACTRIS ERIC will coordinate the provision of data and data products on short-lived atmospheric constituents and clouds relevant to climate and air pollution over the next 15-20 years. ACTRIS was designed more than a decade ago, and its development was funded at national and European levels. It was included in the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) Roadmap in 2016 and subsequently, in the national infrastructure roadmaps of European countries. It became a landmark of the ESFRI roadmap in 2021. The purpose of this paper is to describe the mission of ACTRIS, its added value to the community of atmospheric scientists, providing services to academia as well as the public and private sectors, and to summarize its main achievements. The present publication serves as a reference document for ACTRIS, its users and the scientific community as a whole. It provides the reader with relevant information and an overview on ACTRIS governance and services, as well as a summary of the main scientific achievements of the last 20 years. The paper concludes with an outlook on the upcoming challenges for ACTRIS and the strategy for its future evolution.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the freshwater fluxes from Antarctica with earth observation data, models and in-situ measurements: Uncertainties, knowledge gaps and prospects for new advances","authors":"Ruth Mottram, Michiel van den Broeke, Andrew Meijers, Christian Rodehacke, Rebecca L. Dell, Anna E. Hogg, Benjamin J. Davison, Stef Lhermitte, Nicolaj Hansen, Jose Abraham Torres Alavez, Martin Olesen","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-24-0002.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-24-0002.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"Determining the freshwater fluxes from Antarctica with earth observation data, models and in-situ measurements: Uncertainties, knowledge gaps and prospects for new advances\" published on 02 May 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Precipitation Experiment - A New World Climate Research Programme Lighthouse Activity","authors":"Xubin Zeng, Lincoln Alves, Marie-Amélie Boucher, Annalisa Cherchi, Charlotte DeMott, A.P. Dimri, Andrew Gettelman, Edward Hanna, Takeshi Horinouchi, Jin Huang, Chris Lennard, L. Ruby Leung, Yali Luo, Meloth Thamban, Hindumathi Palanisamy, Sara C. Pryor, Marion Saint-Lu, Stefan P. Sobolowski, Detlef Stammer, Jakob Steiner, Bjorn Stevens, Stefan Uhlenbrook, Michael Wehner, Paquita Zuidema","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0242.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0242.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The future state of the global water cycle and prediction of freshwater availability for humans around the world remain among the challenges of climate research and are relevant to several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The Global Precipitation EXperiment (GPEX) takes on the challenge of improving the prediction of precipitation quantity, phase, timing and intensity, characteristics that are products of a complex integrated system. It will achieve this by leveraging existing World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) activities and community capabilities in satellite, surface-based, and airborne observations, modeling and experimental research, and by conducting new and focused activities. It was launched in October 2023 as a WCRP Lighthouse Activity. Here we present an overview of the GPEX Science Plan that articulates the primary science questions related to precipitation measurements, process understanding, model performance and improvements, and plans for capacity development. The central phase of GPEX is the WCRP Years of Precipitation for 2-3 years with coordinated global field campaigns focusing on different storm types (atmospheric rivers, mesoscale convective systems, monsoons, and tropical cyclones, among others) over different regions and seasons. Activities are planned over the three phases (before, during, and after the Years of Precipitation) spanning a decade. These include gridded data evaluation and development, advanced modeling, enhanced understanding of processes critical to precipitation, multi-scale prediction of precipitation events across scales, and capacity development. These activities will be further developed as part of the GPEX Implementation Plan.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hawai‘i Climate Data Portal (HCDP)","authors":"Ryan J. Longman, Mathew P. Lucas, Jared Mclean, Sean B. Cleveland, Keri Kodama, Abby G. Frazier, Katie Kamelamela, Aimee Schriber, Michael Dodge, Gwen Jacobs, Thomas W. Giambelluca","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0188.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0188.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Hawai‘i Climate Data Portal (HCDP) is designed to facilitate streamlined access to a wide variety of climate data and information for the State of Hawai‘i. Prior to the development of the HCDP, gridded climate products and point datasets were fragmented, outdated, not easily accessible, and not available in near-real-time. To address these limitations, HCDP researchers developed the cyber-infrastructure necessary to 1) operationalize data acquisition and product production in a near-real-time environment, and 2) make data and products easily accessible to a wide range of users. The HCDP hosts several high-resolution (250 m) gridded products including monthly rainfall and daily temperature (maximum, minimum, and mean), station data, and gridded future projections of rainfall and temperature. HCDP users can visualize both gridded and point data, create and download custom maps, and query station and gridded data for export with relative ease. The “virtual station” feature allows users to create a climate time series at any grid point. The primary objective of the HCDP is to promote sharing and access to data and information to streamline research activities, improve awareness, and promote the development of tools and resources that can help to build adaptive capacities. The HCDP products have the potential to serve a wide range of users including researchers, resource managers, city planners, engineers, teachers, students, civil society organizations, and the broader community.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for joint verification and evaluation of seasonal climate services across socio-economic sectors","authors":"L. Crochemore, S. Materia, E. Delpiazzo, S. Bagli, A. Borrelli, Francesco Bosello, Eva Contreras, Francesco Dalla Valle, Silvio Gualdi, Javier Herrero, Francesca Larosa, Rafael Lopez, V. Luzzi, P. Mazzoli, Andrea Montani, Isabel Moreno, Valentina Pavan, I. Pechlivanidis, F. Tomei, Giulia Villani, C. Photiadou, M. J. Polo, Jaroslav Mysiak","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0026.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0026.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Assessing the information provided by co-produced climate services is a timely challenge given the continuously evolving scientific knowledge and its increasing translation to address societal needs. Here we propose a joint evaluation and verification framework to assess prototype services that provide seasonal forecast information based on the experience from the H2020 CLARA project. The quality and value of the forecasts generated by CLARA services were firstly assessed for five climate services utilizing the Copernicus Climate Change Service seasonal forecasts and responding to knowledge needs from the water resources management, agriculture, and energy production sectors. This joint forecast verification and service evaluation highlights various skills and values across physical variables, services and sectors, as well as a need to brigde the gap between verification and user-oriented evaluation. We provide lessons learnt based on the service developers’ and users’ experience, and recommendations to consortia that may want to deploy such verification and evaluation exercises. Lastly, we formalize a framework for joint verification and evaluation in service development, following a transdisciplinary (from data purveyors to service users) and interdisciplinary chain (climate, hydrology, economics, decision analysis).","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tornado Archive: Compiling and Visualizing a Worldwide, Digitized Tornado Database","authors":"Malcolm Maas, Timothy Supinie, Andrew Berrington, Samuel Emmerson, Ava Aidala, Michael Gavan","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0123.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0123.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given inconsistencies in reporting methods and general lack of documentation, the creation of a unified tornado database across the world has been an elusive target for severe weather climatology purposes and historical interest. Previous online tornado documentation has also often been inconsistent or is now defunct. Many individual countries or continents maintain tornado information through either government-sponsored or independent organizations. The Tornado Archive was developed to create a first-of-its-kind digitized synthesis of worldwide tornado documentation, using the most complete sources of information available for regions known to be tornadically active. Spatial and temporal trends in tornado occurrence and reporting can be visualized through an interactive user interface with a variety of filtering methods and environmental reanalysis datasets, such as ERA5. The additional data introduced using Thomas Grazulis’ Significant Tornadoes may be beneficial for tornado climatology studies over the United States. The Tornado Archive is also intended to be a collaborative exercise, with clear data attribution and open avenues for augmentation, and the creation of a common data model to store the tornado information will assist in maintaining and updating the database. In this work, we document the methods necessary for creating the Tornado Archive database, provide broader climatological analysis of spatiotemporal patterns in tornado occurrence, and outline potential use cases for the data. We also highlight its key limitations, and emphasize the need for further international standardization of tornado documentation.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting September Arctic Sea Ice: A Multi-Model Seasonal Skill Comparison","authors":"Mitchell Bushuk, Sahara Ali, David A. Bailey, Qing Bao, Lauriane Batté, Uma S. Bhatt, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Ed Blockley, Gavin Cawley, Junhwa Chi, François Counillon, Philippe Goulet Coulombe, Richard I. Cullather, Francis X. Diebold, Arlan Dirkson, Eleftheria Exarchou, Maximilian Göbel, William Gregory, Virginie Guemas, Lawrence Hamilton, Bian He, Sean Horvath, Monica Ionita, Jennifer E. Kay, Eliot Kim, Noriaki Kimura, Dmitri Kondrashov, Zachary M. Labe, WooSung Lee, Younjoo J. Lee, Cuihua Li, Xuewei Li, Yongcheng Lin, Yanyun Liu, Wieslaw Maslowski, François Massonnet, Walter N. Meier, William J. Merryfield, Hannah Myint, Juan C. Acosta Navarro, Alek Petty, Fangli Qiao, David Schröder, Axel Schweiger, Qi Shu, Michael Sigmond, Michael Steele, Julienne Stroeve, Nico Sun, Steffen Tietsche, Michel Tsamados, Keguang Wang, Jianwu Wang, Wanqiu Wang, Yiguo Wang, Yun Wang, James Williams, Qinghua Yang, Xiaojun Yuan, Jinlun Zhang, Yongfei Zhang","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0163.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0163.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study quantifies the state-of-the-art in the rapidly growing field of seasonal Arctic sea ice prediction. A novel multi-model dataset of retrospective seasonal predictions of September Arctic sea ice is created and analyzed, consisting of community contributions from 17 statistical models and 17 dynamical models. Prediction skill is compared over the period 2001–2020 for predictions of Pan-Arctic sea ice extent (SIE), regional SIE, and local sea ice concentration (SIC) initialized on June 1, July 1, August 1, and September 1. This diverse set of statistical and dynamical models can individually predict linearly detrended Pan-Arctic SIE anomalies with skill, and a multi-model median prediction has correlation coefficients of 0.79, 0.86, 0.92, and 0.99 at these respective initialization times. Regional SIE predictions have similar skill to Pan-Arctic predictions in the Alaskan and Siberian regions, whereas regional skill is lower in the Canadian, Atlantic, and Central Arctic sectors. The skill of dynamical and statistical models is generally comparable for Pan-Arctic SIE, whereas dynamical models outperform their statistical counterparts for regional and local predictions. The prediction systems are found to provide the most value added relative to basic reference forecasts in the extreme SIE years of 1996, 2007, and 2012. SIE prediction errors do not show clear trends over time, suggesting that there has been minimal change in inherent sea ice predictability over the satellite era. Overall, this study demonstrates that there are bright prospects for skillful operational predictions of September sea ice at least three months in advance.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Progress on the Operational Alerting of El Niño and La Niña in a Warming World","authors":"Matthew C. Wheeler, Hanh Nguyen, Chris Lucas, Zhi-Weng Chua, Simon Grainger, David A. Jones, Michelle L. L'Heureux, Ben Noll, Tristan Meyers, Nicolas C. Fauchereau, Alexandre Peltier, Thea Turkington, Hyung-Jin Kim, Takafumi Umeda","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-24-0095.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-24-0095.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"Making Progress on the Operational Alerting of El Niño and La Niña in a Warming World\" published on 22 Apr 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WMO Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project (2010–2022): A Decade of Transition from Track Forecasts to Impact Forecasts","authors":"Hui Yu, Guomin Chen, Wai-Kin Wong, Jonathan L. Vigh, Chi-kin Pan, Xiaoqin Lu, Jun A. Zhang, Jie Tang, Kun Zhao, Peiyan Chen, Zifeng Yu, Mengqi Yang, Jason Dunion, Zheqing Fang, Xiaotu Lei, Ajit Tyagi, Lianshou Chen","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0085.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0085.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project (TLFDP) (2010–2022) was an international cooperative scientific project conducted under the framework of the WMO. The primary objectives of the TLFDP were to enhance the capability of tropical cyclone (TC) forecasters, and support related decision-makers in effective utilization of the most advanced forecasting techniques for the ultimate purpose of reducing and preventing disasters associated with TC landfall. Forty agencies/organizations/projects globally participated in the activities of the TLFDP following its inception in 2010, although the primary focus was on landfalling TCs in the western North Pacific. The TLFDP facilitated collaborations and workshops that realized notable achievements in four key areas: 1) the collection, production, and sharing of TC data; 2) the development and application of TC forecast verification metrics; 3) research on TC forecast skill; and 4) development of new techniques for TC forecasting. An obvious outcome was the shift from prediction of TC features, including track and intensity, toward prediction of TC impacts with more probabilistic conception. The final years of the project also promoted increasing application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in various techniques for analysis and forecasting of TCs. Although the TLFDP ended in 2022, its core activities have continued to be extended through new WMO projects and regional cooperative initiatives.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercell Tornadogenesis: Recent Progress in our State of Understanding","authors":"Jannick Fischer, Johannes M. L. Dahl, Brice E. Coffer, Jana Lesak Houser, Paul M. Markowski, Matthew D. Parker, Christopher C. Weiss, Alex Schueth","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0031.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0031.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the last decade, supercell simulations and observations with ever increasing resolution have provided new insights into the vortex-scale processes of tornado formation. This article incorporates these and other recent findings into the existing three-step model by adding an additional fourth stage. The goal is to provide an updated and clear picture of the physical processes occurring during tornadogenesis. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of the low-level wind shear and mesocyclone for tornado potential, the organization and interaction of relatively small-scale pre-tornadic vertical vorticity maxima, and the transition to a tornado-characteristic flow. Based on these insights, guiding research questions are formulated for the decade ahead.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}