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Carlos Augusto Monteiro: nutrition and obesity. 卡洛斯-奥古斯托-蒙泰罗:营养与肥胖。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.030824

Carlos Monteiro talks to Gary Humphreys about Brazil's dietary transition and the need for substantial change at every level of food production, marketing and consumption to address the global obesity pandemic.

卡洛斯-蒙泰罗(Carlos Monteiro)与加里-汉弗莱斯(Gary Humphreys)谈论了巴西的饮食转型,以及在食品生产、营销和消费的各个层面进行实质性变革以应对全球肥胖症流行的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
A case for increasing taxes on cigarettes, vapes and oral nicotine pouches, Kenya. 提高香烟、吸食器和口服尼古丁袋税收的案例,肯尼亚。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290985
Cyprian M Mostert, Olalekan A Ayo-Yusuf, Manasi Kumar, Andrew Aballa, Willie Njoroge, Edna Bosire, Linda Khakali, John Thomi, Karambu Muthaura, Lukoye Atwoli, Zul Merali
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引用次数: 0
National health examination surveys; a source of critical data. 全国健康检查调查;关键数据的来源。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.291783
Paula Margozzini, Hanna Tolonen, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Sarah Cuschieri, Chiara Donfrancesco, Luigi Palmieri, Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero, Jennifer S Mindell, Oyinlola Oyebode

The aim of this paper is to contribute technical arguments to the debate about the importance of health examination surveys and their continued use during the post-pandemic health financing crisis, and in the context of a technological innovation boom that offers new ways of collecting and analysing individual health data (e.g. artificial intelligence). Technical considerations demonstrate that health examination surveys make an irreplaceable contribution to the local availability of primary health data that can be used in a range of further studies (e.g. normative, burden-of-disease, care cascade, cost and policy impact studies) essential for informing several phases of the health planning cycle (e.g. surveillance, prioritization, resource mobilization and policy development). Examples of the use of health examination survey data in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region (i.e. Finland, Italy, Malta and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) and the WHO Region of the Americas (i.e. Chile, Mexico, Peru and the United States of America) are presented, and reasons why health provider-led data cannot replace health examination survey data are discussed (e.g. underestimation of morbidity and susceptibility to bias). In addition, the importance of having nationally representative random samples of the general population is highlighted and we argue that health examination surveys make a critical contribution to external quality control for a country's health system by increasing the transparency and accountability of health spending. Finally, we consider future technological advances that can improve survey fieldwork and suggest ways of ensuring health examination surveys are sustainable in low-resource settings.

本文旨在就健康体检调查的重要性及其在大流行病后卫生筹资危机期间的继续使用问题,以及在提供收集和分析个人健康数据新方法(如人工智能)的技术创新热潮背景下的使用问题,提出技术论据。技术方面的考虑表明,健康检查调查为当地提供初级卫生数据做出了不可替代的贡献,这些数据可用于一系列进一步的研究(如规范性研究、疾病负担研究、护理连带研究、成本和政策影响研究),这些研究对于为卫生规划周期的几个阶段(如监测、确定优先次序、资源调动和政策制定)提供信息至关重要。介绍了在世界卫生组织(世卫组织)欧洲区域(即芬兰、意大利、马耳他和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)和世卫组织美洲区域(即智利、墨西哥、秘鲁和美利坚合众国)使用健康检查调查数据的实例,并讨论了卫生服务提供者主导的数据不能取代健康检查调查数据的原因(如低估发病率和容易出现偏差)。此外,我们还强调了在全国范围内随机抽取具有代表性的普通人群样本的重要性,并认为健康体检调查通过提高卫生支出的透明度和问责制,为国家卫生系统的外部质量控制做出了重要贡献。最后,我们考虑了未来可改善实地调查工作的技术进步,并提出了确保健康检查调查在低资源环境下可持续进行的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Public health round-up. 公共卫生综述。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.010824
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic preparedness and health system resilience in 14 European countries. 14 个欧洲国家的大流行病防备和卫生系统复原力。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290509
Kaitlyn Hall Radford, Marina Karanikolos, Jonathan Cylus

Objective: To assess national pandemic preparedness and response plans from a health system perspective to determine the extent to which implementation strategies that support health system performance have been included.

Methods: We systematically mapped pandemic preparedness and response implementation strategies that improve resilience to pandemics onto the Health System Performance Assessment Framework for Universal Health Coverage. Using this framework, we conducted a document analysis of 14 publicly available national influenza pandemic preparedness plans, submitted to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, to assess how well health system functions are accounted for in each plan.

Findings: Implementation strategies found in national influenza pandemic preparedness plans do not systematically consider all health system functions. Instead, they mostly focus on specific aspects of governance. In contrast, little to no mention is made of implementation strategies that aim to strengthen health financing. There was also a lack of implementation strategies to strengthen the health workforce, ensure availability of medical equipment and infrastructure, govern the generation of resources and ensure delivery of public health services.

Conclusion: While national influenza pandemic preparedness plans often include provisions to support health system governance, implementation strategies that support other health system functions, namely, resource generation, service delivery, and in particular, financing, are given less attention. These oversights in key planning documents may undermine health system resilience when public health emergencies occur.

目标:从卫生系统的角度评估国家大流行病防备和应对计划,以确定在多大程度上纳入了支持卫生系统绩效的实施战略:从卫生系统的角度评估国家大流行病防备和应对计划,以确定在多大程度上纳入了支持卫生系统绩效的实施战略:方法:我们系统地将提高大流行病抵御能力的大流行病防备和应对实施战略映射到全民健康覆盖的卫生系统绩效评估框架中。利用这一框架,我们对提交给欧洲疾病预防与控制中心的 14 份公开的国家流感大流行准备计划进行了文件分析,以评估每份计划在多大程度上考虑了卫生系统的功能:研究结果:国家流感大流行准备计划中的实施战略并没有系统地考虑到卫生系统的所有功能。相反,它们大多侧重于治理的具体方面。相比之下,几乎没有提及旨在加强卫生筹资的实施战略。此外,还缺乏加强卫生工作人员队伍、确保医疗设备和基础设施的可用性、管理资源的产生以及确保提供公共卫生服务的实施战略:尽管国家流感大流行防备计划通常包括支持卫生系统治理的条款,但支持卫生系统其他功能的实施战略,即资源生成、服务提供,特别是筹资,却较少受到重视。关键规划文件中的这些疏忽可能会在公共卫生突发事件发生时削弱卫生系统的应变能力。
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引用次数: 0
Global prevalence of non-partner sexual violence against women. 全球针对妇女的非伴侣性暴力发生率。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.290420
Lynnmarie Sardinha, Heidi Stöckl, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Sarah R Meyer, Claudia García-Moreno

Sexual violence against women is a human rights violation and public health concern, with serious implications for women's physical and mental health. Reducing non-partner sexual violence, including rape, sexual assault and other forms of non-contact sexual abuse, is one of the main indicators of the sustainable development goals. World Health Organization estimates, based on available prevalence data from 137 countries between 2000 and 2018, showed that, globally, 6% of women aged 15-49 years reported experiencing sexual violence in their lifetime from someone other than an intimate partner, with prevalence rates varying across regions. However, the reporting, measurement and documentation of the global extent of non-partner sexual violence against women is methodologically challenging, resulting in a gross underestimation of its magnitude and impact. To prevent and respond to this issue, policy-makers must consider interventions on education, access to relevant health-care services, public awareness, and effective and comprehensive legislation. To better estimate the prevalence of both sexual violence overall and non-partner sexual violence, it is essential to continue to strengthen the measurement of non-partner sexual violence, including the types of acts asked about and the mode of interviewing. Further research is needed to understand the cumulative impact of different forms of sexual violence on the lives of women and girls, including sexual violence during childhood and its associated risk with further exposure. Funding is required for more research and implementation of interventions to prevent and reduce all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual violence.

对妇女的性暴力是一种侵犯人权的行为,也是公共卫生问题,对妇女的身心健康造成严重影响。减少非伴侣性暴力,包括强奸、性侵犯和其他形式的非接触性虐待,是可持续发展目标的主要指标之一。世界卫生组织根据 2000 年至 2018 年间 137 个国家的现有流行率数据估算显示,在全球范围内,15-49 岁的女性中有 6% 报告在其一生中遭受过亲密伴侣以外的人实施的性暴力,不同地区的流行率各不相同。然而,报告、衡量和记录全球非伴侣性暴力侵害妇女的程度在方法上具有挑战性,导致对其严重程度和影响的严重低估。为了预防和应对这一问题,政策制定者必须考虑在教育、获得相关保健服务、提高公众意识以及有效和全面立法方面采取干预措施。为了更好地估计性暴力的总体发生率和非伴侣性暴力的发生率,必须继续加强对非伴侣性暴力的测量,包括询问的行为类型和访谈方式。需要进一步开展研究,以了解不同形式的性暴力对妇女和女童生活的累积影响,包括童年时期的性暴力及其进一步接触的相关风险。需要为更多的研究和干预措施的实施提供资金,以预防和减少对妇女和女童一切形式的暴力,包括性暴力。
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引用次数: 0
Githinji Gitahi: developing resilient health systems for universal coverage. Githinji Gitahi:为全民医保发展弹性医疗系统。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.030724

Githinji Gitahi talks to Gary Humphreys about the value of cross-sectoral collaboration and health system assessment in the drive towards universal health coverage (UHC).

吉辛吉-吉塔希(Githinji Gitahi)与加里-汉弗莱斯(Gary Humphreys)探讨了跨部门合作和卫生系统评估在实现全民健康保险(UHC)过程中的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Public health round-up. 公共卫生综述。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.010724
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引用次数: 0
Assessing health system performance. 评估卫生系统的绩效。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.24.020724

The post-pandemic era presents an opportunity to prioritize health system performance assessment. Adèle Sulcas reports.

后大流行病时代为优先进行卫生系统绩效评估提供了机会。Adèle Sulcas 报道。
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引用次数: 0
Multisectoral interventions and health system performance: a systematic review. 多部门干预措施与卫生系统绩效:系统回顾。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.23.291246
I Nyoman Sutarsa, Lachlan Campbell, I Made Dwi Ariawan, Rosny Kasim, Robert Marten, Dheepa Rajan, Sally Hall Dykgraaf

Objective: To conduct a systematic review on the effects of multisectoral interventions for health on health system performance.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols. We searched for peer-reviewed journal articles in PubMed®, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on 31 August 2023 (updating on 28 February 2024). We removed duplicates, screened titles and abstracts, and then conducted a full-text eligibility and quality assessment.

Findings: We identified an initial 1118 non-duplicate publications, 62 of which met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The largest proportions of reviewed studies focused on multisectoral interventions directly related to specific health outcomes (66.1%; 41 studies) and/or social determinants of health (48.4%; 30 studies), but without explicit reference to overall health system performance. Most reviewed publications did not address process indicators (83.9%; 52/62) or discuss sustainability for multisectoral interventions in health (72.6%; 45/62). However, we observed that the greatest proportion (66.1%; 41/62) considered health system goals: health equity (68.3%; 28/41) and health outcomes (63.4%; 26/41). Although the greatest proportion (64.5%; 40/62) proposed mechanisms explaining how multisectoral interventions for health could lead to the intended outcomes, none used realistic evaluations to assess these.

Conclusion: Our review has established that multisectoral interventions influence health system performance through immediate improvements in service delivery efficiency, readiness, acceptability and affordability. The interconnectedness of these effects demonstrates their role in addressing the complexities of modern health care.

目的:对多部门卫生干预措施对卫生系统绩效的影响进行系统性审查:就多部门卫生干预措施对卫生系统绩效的影响进行系统综述:我们根据系统综述和荟萃分析协议的首选报告项目进行了系统综述。我们于 2023 年 8 月 31 日(2024 年 2 月 28 日更新)在 PubMed®、Scopus、Web of Science、Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature 和 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 中检索了经同行评审的期刊文章。我们删除了重复内容,筛选了标题和摘要,然后进行了全文资格和质量评估:我们初步确定了 1118 篇非重复出版物,其中 62 篇符合我们的纳入和排除标准。所审查的研究中,大部分侧重于与特定健康结果直接相关的多部门干预措施(66.1%;41 项研究)和/或健康的社会决定因素(48.4%;30 项研究),但没有明确提及卫生系统的整体绩效。大多数经审查的出版物没有涉及过程指标(83.9%;52/62),也没有讨论卫生领域多部门干预措施的可持续性(72.6%;45/62)。然而,我们注意到,最大比例的出版物(66.1%;41/62)考虑了卫生系统的目标:卫生公平(68.3%;28/41)和卫生成果(63.4%;26/41)。尽管最大比例的研究(64.5%;40/62)提出了解释多部门卫生干预措施如何能够带来预期成果的机制,但没有一项研究使用现实的评价来评估这些机制:我们的审查结果表明,多部门干预措施通过立即提高服务效率、准备程度、可接受性和可负担性来影响卫生系统的绩效。这些效果之间的相互联系表明,多部门干预措施在应对现代医疗保健的复杂性方面发挥着重要作用。
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Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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