Marie-Claire Aravena Acuña, J. Chaves, Julián Rodríguez-Souilla, J. M. Cellini, Karen Peña, María Vanessa Lencinas, P. Peri, G. M. Martínez Pastur
Silvopastoral systems are one of the strategies proposed to manage natural forests in southern Patagonia for livestock and timber purposes. In the context of climate change, it is necessary to design new management proposals to improve forest carbon sequestration. The objective was to quantify the innate carbon stocking (t C ha-1) variation in Nothofagus antarctica forests under natural dynamics in even- and uneven-aged structures, and in harvested and transformed stands. Carbon stocks were sampled in 145 forest stands, identifying 14 different components in above- and below-ground strata. Results showed that the carbon content of the stands varied significantly with age (e.g., C contribution of different tree components), ranging from 289 to 386 t C ha-1. Deadwood was the variable that varied most among the successional stages. In harvested stands, carbon content changed significantly with increasing harvesting intensity (from 84.6% to 55.7%) and was lower than in non-harvested stands. These changes were reflected in reduced carbon accumulation in trees, deadwood and soil layer and increased accumulation in understory plants. Silvopastoral system management can achieve a balance between productive objectives and maintenance of carbon stocks in managed forests, resulting in higher resilience and lower carbon losses, thus promoting sustainable forest management.
畜牧业系统是为管理巴塔哥尼亚南部用于畜牧和木材目的的天然森林而提出的战略之一。在气候变化的背景下，有必要制定新的管理建议，以改善森林碳固存。目的是量化在自然动力学条件下，在均匀和不均匀的老化结构中，以及在收获和转化林分中，南极诺特霍法格斯森林的固有碳储量（t C ha-1）变化。对145个林分的碳储量进行了采样，确定了地上和地下地层中的14种不同成分。结果表明，林分的碳含量随年龄变化显著（如不同树木成分的碳贡献），变化范围为289～386t C ha-1。枯木是各演替阶段变化最大的变量。在收获林分中，碳含量随着收获强度的增加而显著变化（从84.6%到55.7%），并且低于未收获林分。这些变化反映在树木、枯木和土壤层的碳积累减少，以及林下植物的碳积累增加。森林畜牧系统管理可以在生产目标和维持管理森林中的碳储量之间实现平衡，从而提高复原力和降低碳损失，从而促进可持续森林管理。
{"title":"Forest carbon management strategies influence storage compartmentalization in Nothofagus antarctica forest landscapes","authors":"Marie-Claire Aravena Acuña, J. Chaves, Julián Rodríguez-Souilla, J. M. Cellini, Karen Peña, María Vanessa Lencinas, P. Peri, G. M. Martínez Pastur","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Silvopastoral systems are one of the strategies proposed to manage natural forests in southern Patagonia for livestock and timber purposes. In the context of climate change, it is necessary to design new management proposals to improve forest carbon sequestration. The objective was to quantify the innate carbon stocking (t C ha-1) variation in Nothofagus antarctica forests under natural dynamics in even- and uneven-aged structures, and in harvested and transformed stands. Carbon stocks were sampled in 145 forest stands, identifying 14 different components in above- and below-ground strata. Results showed that the carbon content of the stands varied significantly with age (e.g., C contribution of different tree components), ranging from 289 to 386 t C ha-1. Deadwood was the variable that varied most among the successional stages. In harvested stands, carbon content changed significantly with increasing harvesting intensity (from 84.6% to 55.7%) and was lower than in non-harvested stands. These changes were reflected in reduced carbon accumulation in trees, deadwood and soil layer and increased accumulation in understory plants. Silvopastoral system management can achieve a balance between productive objectives and maintenance of carbon stocks in managed forests, resulting in higher resilience and lower carbon losses, thus promoting sustainable forest management.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49444331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flavia Y. Olguin, Ana P. Moretti, M. Pinazo, J. F. Goya, Fermín Gortari, J. Vera Bahima, C. Graciano
Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospecific stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the first years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the first report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.
{"title":"Combining the light-demanding Araucaria angustifolia with the shade-tolerant Cabralea canjerana: mixed plantations to produce tropical timber trees outside the Atlantic rainforest","authors":"Flavia Y. Olguin, Ana P. Moretti, M. Pinazo, J. F. Goya, Fermín Gortari, J. Vera Bahima, C. Graciano","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0318","url":null,"abstract":"Many trees of high timber value require canopy cover to become established and at present, they are only harvested from native rainforests. Other species require high radiation to establish and can be planted in monospecific stands. The main question was if the canopy generated by a light demanding rainforest species could protect mid-successional timber species from high radiation and extreme temperatures. We evaluated the establishment of Cabralea canjerana under the canopy of Araucaria angustifolia stands. We related growth with the number of neighbors to determine the better positions to plant C. canjerana. In one stand, we measured environmental and physiological traits and we determined that seedling did not suffer light or water stress. C. canjerana plants establishment was successful in stands of different basal areas and trees reached the highest growth with up to two A. angustifolia neighbors within a 5m radius. Therefore, the number of neighbors is a tool to choose the planting location to convert even-aged to uneven-aged mixed stands. In this way, valuable native timber species that requires canopy protection during the first years can be planted outside the rainforest. This is the first report of an uneven-aged mixed plantation of two Atlantic Forest timber species.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45513401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial arrangement of trees is determined by a complex suite of factors including disturbance history, competition, and resource availability. These spatial patterns drive adaptive capacity by influencing arrangement of growing space, neighborhood competitive relationships, and disturbance response, with irregular patterns supporting higher adaptive capacity. While spatial structure in relation to disturbance and climate change resilience has been studied in dry conifer forests and old-growth temperate forests, it has never been explored in the context of climate adaptive management in mesic, second-growth forests. To address this gap, we analyzed tree spatial patterns in second-growth northern hardwood forests under four different climate adaptation management approaches: no action; resistance or resilience to impacts of climate change; and transition to future-adapted forest types. We used spatial point statistics approaches to describe how patterns differed among the four treatments. We found that the treatments focused on future adaptation led to patterns with variable tree spacing and clumping, while those focused on perpetuating current conditions resulted in less pattern variation. This indicates that adaptation strategies that include uneven-aged regeneration methods that restore and maintain tree spatial patterns historically generated by gap dynamics can be successful in altering resource availability patterns and adaptation space in forest stands.
{"title":"Stand spatial structure outcomes of forest adaptation treatments in northern hardwood forests in North America","authors":"Jessica Wikle, A. D’Amato","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0274","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial arrangement of trees is determined by a complex suite of factors including disturbance history, competition, and resource availability. These spatial patterns drive adaptive capacity by influencing arrangement of growing space, neighborhood competitive relationships, and disturbance response, with irregular patterns supporting higher adaptive capacity. While spatial structure in relation to disturbance and climate change resilience has been studied in dry conifer forests and old-growth temperate forests, it has never been explored in the context of climate adaptive management in mesic, second-growth forests. To address this gap, we analyzed tree spatial patterns in second-growth northern hardwood forests under four different climate adaptation management approaches: no action; resistance or resilience to impacts of climate change; and transition to future-adapted forest types. We used spatial point statistics approaches to describe how patterns differed among the four treatments. We found that the treatments focused on future adaptation led to patterns with variable tree spacing and clumping, while those focused on perpetuating current conditions resulted in less pattern variation. This indicates that adaptation strategies that include uneven-aged regeneration methods that restore and maintain tree spatial patterns historically generated by gap dynamics can be successful in altering resource availability patterns and adaptation space in forest stands.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41840881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research studies have shown that an integrated system can be constructed to provide future predictions when the inputs are from plot summary, a tree list, or a diameter distribution. The current study addresses the missing link, allowing this integrated system to also accept inputs from a stand table. In this study, different existing techniques were employed to process data in stand table format. Trees in each diameter class were modeled with a truncated Weibull distribution. A tree list was generated by dividing each diameter class into 0.2-cm sub-classes; the midpoint diameter of which represented diameter of an individual tree. Projecting the stand table was equivalent to growing trees in the tree list. Future tree survival and diameter growth were predicted by use of an individual-tree model, which was derived from a whole-stand model. This new method outperformed three existing stand table projection models, based on two error indices.
{"title":"A New Approach to Project Stand Tables","authors":"Q. V. Cao","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research studies have shown that an integrated system can be constructed to provide future predictions when the inputs are from plot summary, a tree list, or a diameter distribution. The current study addresses the missing link, allowing this integrated system to also accept inputs from a stand table. In this study, different existing techniques were employed to process data in stand table format. Trees in each diameter class were modeled with a truncated Weibull distribution. A tree list was generated by dividing each diameter class into 0.2-cm sub-classes; the midpoint diameter of which represented diameter of an individual tree. Projecting the stand table was equivalent to growing trees in the tree list. Future tree survival and diameter growth were predicted by use of an individual-tree model, which was derived from a whole-stand model. This new method outperformed three existing stand table projection models, based on two error indices.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46198670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Suleiman, M. A. Islam, N. R. Bhat, S. Jacob, R. Thomas, M. T. Sivadasan, A. Elmi
In Kuwait, declining native vegetation cover due to prevailing arid conditions and severe anthropogenic disturbances necessitated undertaking revegetation programs. Seed sowing and outplanting of nursery-grown seedlings are the two major plant establishment methods commonly used all around the world. However, the success of plant establishment methods may vary between the species as well as between the methods. Therefore, we compared the effect of sowing of primed or non-primed seeds and outplanting of nursery-grown seedlings on field performance of four dominant native desert species of Kuwait: Vachellia pachyceras, Rhanterium epapposum, Farsetia aegyptia, and Haloxylon salicornicum for 22 months to find the best method for revegetation in arid conditions. A significant species and treatment interaction effect was observed in all plant parameters except plot volume index. Direct sowing of hydro-primed seeds appeared to be the most effective method for establishment and growth of V. pachyceras. In contrast, outplanting of nursery-grown seedlings showed better performance under the field conditions in H. salicornicum and F. aegyptia. These results suggest that direct sowing of primed seeds can also be used effectively along with seedling outplanting for the revegetation of arid lands.
{"title":"Planting methods influence revegetation success of native species in an arid environment","authors":"M. Suleiman, M. A. Islam, N. R. Bhat, S. Jacob, R. Thomas, M. T. Sivadasan, A. Elmi","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"In Kuwait, declining native vegetation cover due to prevailing arid conditions and severe anthropogenic disturbances necessitated undertaking revegetation programs. Seed sowing and outplanting of nursery-grown seedlings are the two major plant establishment methods commonly used all around the world. However, the success of plant establishment methods may vary between the species as well as between the methods. Therefore, we compared the effect of sowing of primed or non-primed seeds and outplanting of nursery-grown seedlings on field performance of four dominant native desert species of Kuwait: Vachellia pachyceras, Rhanterium epapposum, Farsetia aegyptia, and Haloxylon salicornicum for 22 months to find the best method for revegetation in arid conditions. A significant species and treatment interaction effect was observed in all plant parameters except plot volume index. Direct sowing of hydro-primed seeds appeared to be the most effective method for establishment and growth of V. pachyceras. In contrast, outplanting of nursery-grown seedlings showed better performance under the field conditions in H. salicornicum and F. aegyptia. These results suggest that direct sowing of primed seeds can also be used effectively along with seedling outplanting for the revegetation of arid lands.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49169730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased emphasis on forest complexity, resilience, and biodiversity, has renewed interest in northern hardwood forests. In parallel, there is concern of impacts of traditional, timber-oriented regeneration methods on successional trajectories and tree communities. To ensure compatibility of emerging goals with site biological capacity, assessment of common silvicultural methods across forest conditions is imperative. This work utilizes a long-term dataset of 407 sampling plots from the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA, over 70-years. Topographic and meteorological variables were utilized to test the effects of site conditions and silviculture on tree species diversity and composition. Results show a decline in diversity over time that reflect a shift toward dominance of late successional species, which vary with site-specific conditions. The effect of silviculture was not detectable, and differences in tree communities were attributed to pre-existing conditions of site variables prior to installation of experimental treatments. Tree diversity and composition for both 1932 and 2003 measurements were correlated with solar insolation, local windspeed, and hydrologic catchment area. The collective findings highlight the long-term stability of species under past silvicultural regimes, that some areas are more facilitative/limiting to goals of enhancing tree biodiversity, and emerging technologies can capture species-site interactions in northern hardwoods.
{"title":"Long-term stability of northern hardwoods across a topographic gradient and variations in harvest methods","authors":"Michael I. Premer, N. Rogers, R. Froese","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Increased emphasis on forest complexity, resilience, and biodiversity, has renewed interest in northern hardwood forests. In parallel, there is concern of impacts of traditional, timber-oriented regeneration methods on successional trajectories and tree communities. To ensure compatibility of emerging goals with site biological capacity, assessment of common silvicultural methods across forest conditions is imperative. This work utilizes a long-term dataset of 407 sampling plots from the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA, over 70-years. Topographic and meteorological variables were utilized to test the effects of site conditions and silviculture on tree species diversity and composition. Results show a decline in diversity over time that reflect a shift toward dominance of late successional species, which vary with site-specific conditions. The effect of silviculture was not detectable, and differences in tree communities were attributed to pre-existing conditions of site variables prior to installation of experimental treatments. Tree diversity and composition for both 1932 and 2003 measurements were correlated with solar insolation, local windspeed, and hydrologic catchment area. The collective findings highlight the long-term stability of species under past silvicultural regimes, that some areas are more facilitative/limiting to goals of enhancing tree biodiversity, and emerging technologies can capture species-site interactions in northern hardwoods.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47917033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert W. Buchkowski, S. Leroux, Youpei Yan, Alicia Entem, Isabelle Schmelzer, Eli P. Fenichel
Moose present a complex management problem because they generate a mixture of benefits and costs to humans, some of which are caused by browsing of regenerating trees. We developed a Lotka-Volterra model, parameterized by moose management areas, to link moose browsing to spruce and balsam fir dynamics on the island of Newfoundland. The model predicts the distribution of moose, adult fir, and spruce well. Empirical estimates of juvenile fir biomass were variable, and our model predicted its biomass poorly. Our model predicts a small negative effect of moose on adult fir biomass (-0.06%) and juvenile fir biomass (-1.65%) and a small positive effect on spruce biomass (+0.02%) under baseline assumptions, but larger effects (±10 to 60%) if moose browse commercial softwoods preferentially. Small effects of moose on trees at steady state do not fully reflect the importance of moose because moose parameters (e.g., growth rate and harvesting rate) impacted the return time of our model from disturbance. Our model analysis demonstrates one way to add animal effects into vegetation growth models and suggests that parameterizing ecological models by management unit is useful when the data to support more detailed models are not available.
{"title":"The effects of moose browsing on balsam fir and forest recovery vary with bioclimatic and human use across the island of Newfoundland","authors":"Robert W. Buchkowski, S. Leroux, Youpei Yan, Alicia Entem, Isabelle Schmelzer, Eli P. Fenichel","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0269","url":null,"abstract":"Moose present a complex management problem because they generate a mixture of benefits and costs to humans, some of which are caused by browsing of regenerating trees. We developed a Lotka-Volterra model, parameterized by moose management areas, to link moose browsing to spruce and balsam fir dynamics on the island of Newfoundland. The model predicts the distribution of moose, adult fir, and spruce well. Empirical estimates of juvenile fir biomass were variable, and our model predicted its biomass poorly. Our model predicts a small negative effect of moose on adult fir biomass (-0.06%) and juvenile fir biomass (-1.65%) and a small positive effect on spruce biomass (+0.02%) under baseline assumptions, but larger effects (±10 to 60%) if moose browse commercial softwoods preferentially. Small effects of moose on trees at steady state do not fully reflect the importance of moose because moose parameters (e.g., growth rate and harvesting rate) impacted the return time of our model from disturbance. Our model analysis demonstrates one way to add animal effects into vegetation growth models and suggests that parameterizing ecological models by management unit is useful when the data to support more detailed models are not available.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43083085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathilde Pau, S. Gauthier, Yan Boulanger, Hakim Ouzennou, M. Girardin, Y. Bergeron
Climate change is having complex impacts on the boreal forest, modulating both tree growth limiting factors and fire regime. However, these aspects are usually projected independently when estimating climate change effect on the boreal forest. Using a combination of 3 different methods, our goal is to assess the combined impact of changes in growth and fire regime due to climate change on the timber supply at the transitions from closed to open boreal coniferous forests in Québec, Canada. In order to identify the areas that are likely to be the most sensitive to climate change, we projected climate-induced impacts on growth and fire activity at three different time periods: 2011-2040 RCP 8.5 for low growth change and minimum fire activity, 2071-2100 RCP 4.5 for moderate growth change and medium fire activity, and 2071-2100 RCP 8.5 for high growth change and maximum fire activity. Our study shows the importance of incorporating fire in strategic forest management planning especially in a context of climate change. Under the most extreme scenarios the negative impact of fire activity on productive area and total volume mostly offsets the positive effects of climate change via improved tree growth.
{"title":"Response of forest productivity to changes in growth and fire regime due to climate change","authors":"Mathilde Pau, S. Gauthier, Yan Boulanger, Hakim Ouzennou, M. Girardin, Y. Bergeron","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0207","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is having complex impacts on the boreal forest, modulating both tree growth limiting factors and fire regime. However, these aspects are usually projected independently when estimating climate change effect on the boreal forest. Using a combination of 3 different methods, our goal is to assess the combined impact of changes in growth and fire regime due to climate change on the timber supply at the transitions from closed to open boreal coniferous forests in Québec, Canada. In order to identify the areas that are likely to be the most sensitive to climate change, we projected climate-induced impacts on growth and fire activity at three different time periods: 2011-2040 RCP 8.5 for low growth change and minimum fire activity, 2071-2100 RCP 4.5 for moderate growth change and medium fire activity, and 2071-2100 RCP 8.5 for high growth change and maximum fire activity. Our study shows the importance of incorporating fire in strategic forest management planning especially in a context of climate change. Under the most extreme scenarios the negative impact of fire activity on productive area and total volume mostly offsets the positive effects of climate change via improved tree growth.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42810614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Read, S. Fraver, A. D’Amato, Daniel M. Evans, Kevin S. Evans, D. Lutz, C. Woodall
Several aspects of the forest carbon cycle have not been examined in detail, including sources of variation in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from coarse woody material (CWM). To address this knowledge gap, we examined CO2 emissions from Acer saccharum logs within four harvesting treatments, using closed chambers fitted to the logs. We found that CO2 emissions were highest for logs in small (31.8 ± 20.4 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1) and large gaps (29.6 ± 24.4 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1) compared to those in control (13.9 ± 8.3 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1) and thinned matrix (13.6 ± 8.0 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1) treatments. CO2 flux rates did not differ between gap sizes, but they increased with temperature, which was higher in the small gap treatment. In addition, two individual logs fitted with multiple closed chambers revealed significant within-log variability in CO2 emissions. On a subset of logs repeatedly sampled throughout the day, we found that log surface temperature generally peaked at midday and was positively correlated with CO2 emissions, although this relationship was weak in one log. This study provides insight into sources of variation in CO2 emissions from CWM, while improving our understanding of the forest carbon cycle.
森林碳循环的几个方面尚未得到详细研究，包括粗木质材料(CWM)二氧化碳排放变化的来源。为了解决这一知识差距，我们使用安装在原木上的封闭室，在四种采伐处理中检测了槭糖原木的二氧化碳排放。结果表明，与对照处理(13.9±8.3 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1)和细基质处理(13.6±8.0 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1)相比，小间距处理(31.8±20.4 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1)和大间距处理(29.6±24.4 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1)的CO2排放量最高。CO2通量在间隙大小之间没有差异，但随着温度的升高而增加，其中小间隙处理的CO2通量更高。此外，装有多个封闭室的两个单独的测井曲线显示了CO2排放量在测井曲线内的显著变化。在一天中反复采样的日志子集中，我们发现日志表面温度通常在中午达到峰值，并且与二氧化碳排放量呈正相关，尽管这种关系在一个日志中很弱。本研究提供了对CWM CO2排放变化源的深入了解，同时提高了我们对森林碳循环的认识。
{"title":"CO2 flux from Acer saccharum logs: Sources of variation and the influence of silvicultural treatments","authors":"Z. Read, S. Fraver, A. D’Amato, Daniel M. Evans, Kevin S. Evans, D. Lutz, C. Woodall","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0291","url":null,"abstract":"Several aspects of the forest carbon cycle have not been examined in detail, including sources of variation in carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from coarse woody material (CWM). To address this knowledge gap, we examined CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from <i>Acer saccharum</i> logs within four harvesting treatments, using closed chambers fitted to the logs. We found that CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were highest for logs in small (31.8 ± 20.4 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) and large gaps (29.6 ± 24.4 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) compared to those in control (13.9 ± 8.3 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) and thinned matrix (13.6 ± 8.0 μmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) treatments. CO<sub>2</sub> flux rates did not differ between gap sizes, but they increased with temperature, which was higher in the small gap treatment. In addition, two individual logs fitted with multiple closed chambers revealed significant within-log variability in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. On a subset of logs repeatedly sampled throughout the day, we found that log surface temperature generally peaked at midday and was positively correlated with CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, although this relationship was weak in one log. This study provides insight into sources of variation in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from CWM, while improving our understanding of the forest carbon cycle.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46217496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bruzzese, Simone Blanc, A. Paletto, Filippo Brun
Markets for ecosystem services (MES) can play a key role in the protection of natural capital and the remuneration of sustainable management practices. This study aims to present the state of the art on forestry MES at the international level through a systematic review. The main objectives are (i) to analyse the distribution of actual or potential markets for forest ecosystem services (FES) that exist internationally today, (ii) to identify the spatial scale at which market-based instruments (MBIs) are applied and the respective measures of economic value used to assess FES, and (iii) to identify the actors and their involvement in the implementation of forestry MES. The study collected 304 peer-reviewed publications using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol was used to guide the systematic process and select the 52 articles analysed in the review. The results show that Europe is the most representative continent in terms of geographical areas involved ( n = 8) by forestry MES, followed by America ( n = 6), Asia ( n = 5), and Africa ( n = 1). The main scale of application of MBIs for forestry MES is local, i.e., at the level of forest stand, municipality, or province ( n = 31), followed by subnational ( n = 10), national ( n = 9), and international ( n = 2). The main pattern of social composition in forestry MES is buyers, sellers, and intermediaries ( n = 25), followed by buyers and sellers only ( n = 12), buyers, sellers, intermediaries, and knowledge providers ( n = 5), and buyers, sellers, and knowledge providers ( n = 3). In terms of the measure of economic value, most studies use willingness to accept ( n = 30), as opposed to willingness to pay ( n = 17), and only 5 studies used both. Future research on forestry MES should be directed towards a better understanding of the process leading to their creation, implementation, effectiveness, governance, and level of satisfaction in economic terms of the actors involved.
{"title":"A systematic review of markets for forest ecosystem services at an international level","authors":"S. Bruzzese, Simone Blanc, A. Paletto, Filippo Brun","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2022-0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2022-0230","url":null,"abstract":"Markets for ecosystem services (MES) can play a key role in the protection of natural capital and the remuneration of sustainable management practices. This study aims to present the state of the art on forestry MES at the international level through a systematic review. The main objectives are (i) to analyse the distribution of actual or potential markets for forest ecosystem services (FES) that exist internationally today, (ii) to identify the spatial scale at which market-based instruments (MBIs) are applied and the respective measures of economic value used to assess FES, and (iii) to identify the actors and their involvement in the implementation of forestry MES. The study collected 304 peer-reviewed publications using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol was used to guide the systematic process and select the 52 articles analysed in the review. The results show that Europe is the most representative continent in terms of geographical areas involved ( n = 8) by forestry MES, followed by America ( n = 6), Asia ( n = 5), and Africa ( n = 1). The main scale of application of MBIs for forestry MES is local, i.e., at the level of forest stand, municipality, or province ( n = 31), followed by subnational ( n = 10), national ( n = 9), and international ( n = 2). The main pattern of social composition in forestry MES is buyers, sellers, and intermediaries ( n = 25), followed by buyers and sellers only ( n = 12), buyers, sellers, intermediaries, and knowledge providers ( n = 5), and buyers, sellers, and knowledge providers ( n = 3). In terms of the measure of economic value, most studies use willingness to accept ( n = 30), as opposed to willingness to pay ( n = 17), and only 5 studies used both. Future research on forestry MES should be directed towards a better understanding of the process leading to their creation, implementation, effectiveness, governance, and level of satisfaction in economic terms of the actors involved.","PeriodicalId":9483,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45431929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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