Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-095
J. Vishwanatha, S. Thyagarajan, M. Allen, Yan Zhang, N. Phillips, P. Chaudhary
Studies have demonstrated that environmental, host genetic, and socioeconomic factors influence the breast cancer prevalence landscape with a far-reaching influence on racial disparity to subtypes of breast cancer. To understand whether breast tissue harbors race-specific microbiota, we performed 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing of retrospective tumor and matched normal tissue adjacent to tumor (NAT) samples collected from Black non-Hispanic (BNH) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) women. Analysis of Triple Negative Breast cancer (TNBC) and Triple Positive Breast Cancer (TPBC) tissue for microbiota composition revealed significant differences in relative abundance of specific taxa at both phylum and genus levels between WNH and BNH women cohorts. Our main findings are that microbial diversity as measured by Shannon index was significantly lower in BNH TNBC tumor tissue as compared to matched NAT zone. In contrast, the WNH cohort had an inverse pattern for the Shannon index, when TNBC tumor tissue was compared to the matched NAT. Unweighted Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed a distinct clustering of tumor and NAT microbiota in both BNH and WNH cohorts. Citation Format: Jamboor K. Vishwanatha, Srikantha Thyagarajan, Michael Allen, Yan Zhang, Nicole Phillips, Pankaj Chaudhary. Comparative analysis of breast tumor microbiome in Black non-Hispanic (BNH) and White non-Hispanic (WNH) women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-095.
研究表明,环境、宿主遗传和社会经济因素影响乳腺癌的流行格局,并对乳腺癌亚型的种族差异产生深远影响。为了了解乳腺组织中是否存在种族特异性微生物群,我们对来自非西班牙裔黑人(BNH)和非西班牙裔白人(WNH)女性的回顾性肿瘤和匹配的正常肿瘤邻近组织(NAT)样本进行了16S rRNA基因测序。对三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)和三阳性乳腺癌(TPBC)组织微生物群组成的分析显示,WNH和BNH女性队列在门和属水平上的特定分类群的相对丰度存在显著差异。我们的主要发现是,与匹配的NAT区相比,BNH TNBC肿瘤组织中Shannon指数测量的微生物多样性显著降低。相比之下,当将TNBC肿瘤组织与匹配的NAT进行比较时,WNH队列的Shannon指数呈现相反的模式。非加权原则坐标分析(PCoA)显示,BNH和WNH队列中肿瘤和NAT微生物群具有明显的聚类。引文格式:Jamboor K. Vishwanatha, Srikantha Thyagarajan, Michael Allen, Yan Zhang, Nicole Phillips, Pankaj Chaudhary。非西班牙裔黑人(BNH)与非西班牙裔白人(WNH)女性乳腺肿瘤微生物组比较分析[摘要]。AACR虚拟会议论文集:第十三届AACR种族/少数民族和医疗服务不足人群癌症健康差异科学会议;2020年10月2-4日。费城(PA): AACR;癌症流行病学生物标志物,2020;29(12增刊):摘要nr PO-095。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-po-083
Staci A. Young, S. B. Ponce, M. Berendt, C. Cuevas, Jasmin Griggs, C. Jankowski, N. Jones, K. Beyer
Introduction: Racial breast cancer survival disparities persist, indicating that not all populations are benefitting equally from advances in cancer control. Individual and health care factors do not fully explain these disparities, and contributing factors may include institutional racism and racial segregation. Our study explores the ways in which women in a highly segregated metropolitan area navigate cancer survivorship. Methods: The study utilizes novel qualitative methods and is guided by a community advisory board. Participants were recruited from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We use a stratified, purposive sampling approach to include survivors who vary by neighborhood racial and ethnic composition. Eligible participants have been diagnosed with breast cancer, identify as Black or Hispanic, and have completed their initial treatment regimen. Instruments and processes were guided by a conceptual framework relating racism and racial segregation to breast cancer survival. We use narrative inquiry as a reflexive tool in which participants’ lived experiences are captured as textual representations. Semi-structured interviews include a demographic questionnaire, a life narrative account, and completion of a timeline detailing residential history since diagnosis. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed utilizing a hybrid approach of both a data-driven inductive process and a deductive, a priori coding template consistent with the conceptual framework. We present current findings from this ongoing study. Results: To date, 34 interviews have been completed with self-identified Black women (n=22) and Hispanic women (n=12). Black participants lived in neighborhoods that were predominantly Black (41%), diverse (32%), and predominantly white (28%), while Hispanic women lived in neighborhoods that were predominantly Hispanic (58%), diverse (8%), and predominantly white (33%). Ages of women ranged from 37 to 81, with a median of 61. Most women had an early stage cancer diagnosis. Narrative responses included: 1) determinants of health such as biology and family history; 2) social status, including socioeconomic status, race, and neighborhood of residence; 3) individual and family stressors such as discrimination, access to health information, and care quality; and 4) social support, resilience, and physiological responses to treatment. Participants discussed living in different geographic locations in the city, personal safety, and exposure to racism in their communities and workplaces. All were hopeful that sharing their experiences would benefit other cancer survivors. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of examining race, racism, and residential segregation as contributors to breast cancer survivorship. Utilizing narrative inquiry and residential history analysis allows for a deeper examination of women’s experiences situated in place. Study findings can inform community-based conversations, advocacy and policy change to reduce disparities.
导读:种族乳腺癌生存差异持续存在,表明并非所有人群都能平等地从癌症控制的进步中受益。个人因素和保健因素不能完全解释这些差异,造成这些差异的因素可能包括体制性种族主义和种族隔离。我们的研究探讨了在高度隔离的大都市地区,女性如何应对癌症幸存者。方法:该研究采用新颖的定性方法,并由社区咨询委员会指导。参与者是从威斯康辛州密尔沃基市招募的。我们采用分层、有目的的抽样方法,包括因社区种族和民族组成而异的幸存者。符合条件的参与者被诊断为乳腺癌,确定为黑人或西班牙裔,并完成了最初的治疗方案。有关种族主义和种族隔离与乳腺癌生存的概念框架指导了各项文书和程序。我们使用叙事探究作为一种反思工具,其中参与者的生活经历被捕获为文本表征。半结构化访谈包括人口调查问卷,生活叙述,以及详细描述自诊断以来居住历史的时间表的完成。访谈记录和分析利用数据驱动的归纳过程和演绎的混合方法,一个与概念框架一致的先验编码模板。我们介绍了这项正在进行的研究的最新发现。结果:到目前为止,已经完成了34次访谈,其中包括自我认同的黑人妇女(n=22)和西班牙裔妇女(n=12)。黑人参与者居住的社区以黑人为主(41%)、多元化(32%)、白人为主(28%),而西班牙裔女性居住的社区以西班牙裔为主(58%)、多元化(8%)、白人为主(33%)。女性的年龄从37岁到81岁不等,中位数为61岁。大多数女性都有早期癌症诊断。叙述性答复包括:1)健康的决定因素,如生物学和家族史;2)社会地位,包括社会经济地位、种族、居住地;3)个人和家庭压力源,如歧视、获取健康信息和护理质量;4)社会支持、恢复力和对治疗的生理反应。参与者讨论了在城市中不同地理位置的生活,个人安全以及在社区和工作场所遭受种族主义的影响。所有人都希望分享自己的经历能让其他癌症幸存者受益。结论:本研究证明了种族、种族主义和居住隔离对乳腺癌生存率影响的重要性。利用叙事探究和居住历史分析,可以更深入地考察当地女性的经历。研究结果可以为以社区为基础的对话、宣传和政策变化提供信息,以减少差距。引文格式:Staci Young, Sara Beltran- Ponce, Madeline Berendt, Carolina Cuevas, Jasmin Griggs, Courtney Jankowski, Natalie Jones, Kirsten Beyer。黑人和西班牙裔女性的种族、种族主义、居住隔离和癌症存活率的定性研究[摘要]。AACR虚拟会议论文集:第十三届AACR种族/少数民族和医疗服务不足人群癌症健康差异科学会议;2020年10月2-4日。费城(PA): AACR;癌症流行病学生物标志物,2020;29(12增刊):摘要nr PO-083。
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Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-b063
B. Hubert, F. Froeling, K. Arora, T. Chu, N. Robine, M. Zody, D. Oschwald, H. Varmus, C. Sawyers, D. Tuveson
Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized approaches to the prevention, risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers. However, many ethnic groups, especially nonEuropean populations, have been significantly underrepresented in cancer research, including clinical trials, and have not received equal benefits in clinical practice. As a result, our current knowledge about tumor biology, cancer risk, and response to treatment has primarily been derived from patients of European descent. These inequities limit our understanding of the many types of cancer and may exacerbate health disparities in the United States. In this proposal, we address both the scientific and social issues by creating a dynamic research platform within the greater New York area that promises to enhance the ways in which cancer is prevented, diagnosed, and treated. This initiative, named Polyethnic-1000, will involve patients and staff at several academic health centers and partner hospitals in the New York City region. It will use the genomics and informatics capabilities of the New York Genome Center to determine how inherited and somatically acquired genetic variations affect the behavior of cancers occurring in ethnically diverse populations. In a first, retrospective phase, we will establish the workflow from sample acquisition to whole-exome and RNA sequencing, data analysis, and data sharing within the consortium. Then we will start a prospective study enabling the formation of cohorts of interest for particular cancer types and particular ethnicities, with uniform consent allowing broad data sharing of the somatic variants identified. Polyethnic-1000 will establish a framework to enhance interactions among our region9s academic and health centers to advance cancer genomics. These efforts should improve and widen the use of genomics for all, especially currently underserved ethnic minority populations. Citation Format: Nicolas Robine, Fieke Froeling, Benjamin Hubert, Michael C. Zody, Dayna Oschwald, Harold Varmus, Charles Sawyers, David Tuveson. Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B063.
DNA测序技术的最新进展彻底改变了癌症的预防、风险评估、早期检测、诊断和治疗方法。然而,许多种族群体,尤其是非欧洲人口,在癌症研究(包括临床试验)中的代表性明显不足,并且在临床实践中没有得到同等的好处。因此,我们目前关于肿瘤生物学、癌症风险和治疗反应的知识主要来自欧洲血统的患者。这些不平等限制了我们对多种癌症的了解,并可能加剧美国的健康差距。在这个提案中,我们通过在大纽约地区创建一个充满活力的研究平台来解决科学和社会问题,该平台有望提高癌症的预防、诊断和治疗方法。这项名为“聚醚-1000”的计划将涉及纽约地区几家学术医疗中心和合作医院的患者和工作人员。它将利用纽约基因组中心的基因组学和信息学能力来确定遗传和躯体获得性基因变异如何影响不同种族人群中发生的癌症行为。在第一个回顾性阶段,我们将建立从样品采集到全外显子组和RNA测序、数据分析和联盟内数据共享的工作流程。然后,我们将开始一项前瞻性研究,形成对特定癌症类型和特定种族感兴趣的队列,统一同意允许广泛共享已确定的体细胞变异的数据。聚乙烯-1000将建立一个框架,加强我们地区学术和保健中心之间的互动,以推进癌症基因组学。这些努力应该改善和扩大基因组学对所有人的使用,特别是目前服务不足的少数民族人口。引文格式:Nicolas Robine, Fieke Froeling, Benjamin Hubert, Michael C. Zody, Dayna Oschwald, Harold Varmus, Charles Sawyers, David Tuveson。聚烷-1000:通过研究纽约不同种族、服务不足的患者群体来推进癌症基因组学[摘要]。见:第十一届AACR会议论文集:种族/少数民族和医疗服务不足人群的癌症健康差异科学;2018年11月2-5日;新奥尔良,洛杉矶。费城(PA): AACR;癌症流行病学生物标志物,2020;29(6增刊):摘要nr B063。
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Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-b004
Kevin English, Cheyenne C Jim, J. Hatcher, M. Doescher, Shiraz I. Mishra, P. Lance, D. Rhoades, U. Menon
According to the Institute of Medicine’s National Cancer Policy Forum, the American Cancer Society, and the National Cancer Institute, cancer screening programs are partly responsible for declining colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates in the U.S. Unfortunately, American Indians (AIs) have experienced either no change or an increase in CRC incidence and mortality, disproportionate diagnosis of late stage disease and poorer survival. While, nearly two-thirds of U.S. adults are current with United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for CRC screening, AI screening rates range from only 28% to 51% in the Southwest and Southern Plains regions. One evidence-based intervention strategy for increasing CRC screening recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) is patient navigation. By offering interpretation, transportation, social support, and culturally and linguistically appropriate education and outreach, patient navigators are able to reduce structural barriers and facilitate access to screening. While researchers have documented effectiveness of patient navigation towards enhancing cancer screening among AI populations, few studies have elucidated best practices for training patient navigators to serve in this capacity. As an effort of the AI CRC Screening Consortium formed by the National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers at the Universities of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, we trained a cadre of 21 individuals to serve as patients navigators in six unique AI-serving health clinics and communities in Oklahoma, Arizona, and New Mexico. We used a unique blend of didactic and interactive training components (i.e. role playing, games, and group dialogues). The 2.5-day curriculum centered upon a set of nine modules that included digestive system anatomy, USPSTF CRC screening guidelines, stool-based test procedures, direct visualization test procedures, CRC risk factors, CRC diagnosis and treatment, Transtheoretical Model and Motivational Interviewing, and patient navigation tips. A 36-item pre-/post-test was administered to assess the impact of training upon navigator capacity. Paired-sample t-tests were utilized to analyze mean differences in scales measuring two key constructs – CRC-specific knowledge and self-efficacy to engage in CRC control efforts. Evaluation findings demonstrated statistically significance increases in both CRC knowledge scores (pre-test mean = 7.8/12.0 vs. post-test mean 10.9/12.0, p=0.000) and self-efficacy scores (pre-test mean = 3.8/5.0 vs. post-test mean = 4.8/5.0, p=0.001). These findings demonstrate the value of robust capacity development activities with patient navigators prior to intervention as a means of not only increase knowledge about CRC and its associated screenings, but to also engender significant readiness and confidence among patient navigators to integrate CRC control into practice. Citation Format: Kevin C English, Cheyenne Jim, Jen
根据医学研究所的国家癌症政策论坛,美国癌症协会和国家癌症研究所,癌症筛查项目是美国结肠直肠癌(CRC)发病率和死亡率下降的部分原因。不幸的是,美国印第安人(AIs)的CRC发病率和死亡率没有变化或增加,晚期疾病的不成比例的诊断和较差的生存率。虽然近三分之二的美国成年人目前按照美国预防服务工作组(USPSTF)的CRC筛查指南进行筛查,但在西南和南部平原地区,人工智能筛查率仅为28%至51%。社区预防服务工作组(CPSTF)推荐的增加结直肠癌筛查的循证干预策略之一是患者导航。通过提供翻译、交通、社会支持以及文化和语言上适当的教育和外展,患者导航员能够减少结构性障碍,促进筛查。虽然研究人员已经记录了患者导航在增强人工智能人群癌症筛查方面的有效性,但很少有研究阐明了培训患者导航员以这种方式服务的最佳实践。作为由亚利桑那大学、新墨西哥大学和俄克拉何马州国立癌症研究所指定癌症中心组成的人工智能CRC筛查联盟的一项努力,我们培训了21名人员,在俄克拉何马州、亚利桑那大学和新墨西哥州的六个独特的人工智能服务健康诊所和社区担任患者导览员。我们使用了一种独特的混合教学和互动训练组件(即角色扮演,游戏和小组对话)。为期2.5天的课程集中在9个模块上,包括消化系统解剖、USPSTF CRC筛查指南、基于粪便的测试程序、直接可视化测试程序、CRC风险因素、CRC诊断和治疗、跨理论模型和动机访谈,以及患者导航技巧。一项36项的前/后测试被用来评估培训对领航员能力的影响。配对样本t检验用于分析测量CRC特异性知识和参与CRC控制工作的自我效能这两个关键结构的量表的平均差异。评估结果显示CRC知识得分(测前平均值= 7.8/12.0,测后平均值= 10.9/12.0,p=0.000)和自我效能得分(测前平均值= 3.8/5.0,测后平均值= 4.8/5.0,p=0.001)均有统计学意义的提高。这些发现证明了在干预前与患者导航员进行强有力的能力发展活动的价值,这不仅是增加对结直肠癌及其相关筛查知识的一种手段,而且还能在患者导航员中产生将结直肠癌控制纳入实践的重大准备和信心。引文格式:Kevin C English, Cheyenne Jim, Jennifer Hatcher, Mark P Doescher, Shiraz I Mishra, Peter Lance, Dorothy Rhoades, Usha Menon。在美国西南和南部平原为美国印第安人服务的医疗机构中,患者导航员的能力发展以加强结直肠癌控制[摘要]。见:第十二届AACR会议论文集:种族/少数民族和医疗服务不足人群的癌症健康差异科学;2019年9月20日至23日;费城(PA): AACR;癌症流行病学杂志,2020;29(6增刊2):摘要nb004。
{"title":"Abstract B004: Capacity development among patient navigators to enhance colorectal cancer control in American Indian-serving healthcare facilities in the U.S. Southwest and Southern Plains","authors":"Kevin English, Cheyenne C Jim, J. Hatcher, M. Doescher, Shiraz I. Mishra, P. Lance, D. Rhoades, U. Menon","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-b004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-b004","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Institute of Medicine’s National Cancer Policy Forum, the American Cancer Society, and the National Cancer Institute, cancer screening programs are partly responsible for declining colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates in the U.S. Unfortunately, American Indians (AIs) have experienced either no change or an increase in CRC incidence and mortality, disproportionate diagnosis of late stage disease and poorer survival. While, nearly two-thirds of U.S. adults are current with United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for CRC screening, AI screening rates range from only 28% to 51% in the Southwest and Southern Plains regions. One evidence-based intervention strategy for increasing CRC screening recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) is patient navigation. By offering interpretation, transportation, social support, and culturally and linguistically appropriate education and outreach, patient navigators are able to reduce structural barriers and facilitate access to screening. While researchers have documented effectiveness of patient navigation towards enhancing cancer screening among AI populations, few studies have elucidated best practices for training patient navigators to serve in this capacity. As an effort of the AI CRC Screening Consortium formed by the National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers at the Universities of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, we trained a cadre of 21 individuals to serve as patients navigators in six unique AI-serving health clinics and communities in Oklahoma, Arizona, and New Mexico. We used a unique blend of didactic and interactive training components (i.e. role playing, games, and group dialogues). The 2.5-day curriculum centered upon a set of nine modules that included digestive system anatomy, USPSTF CRC screening guidelines, stool-based test procedures, direct visualization test procedures, CRC risk factors, CRC diagnosis and treatment, Transtheoretical Model and Motivational Interviewing, and patient navigation tips. A 36-item pre-/post-test was administered to assess the impact of training upon navigator capacity. Paired-sample t-tests were utilized to analyze mean differences in scales measuring two key constructs – CRC-specific knowledge and self-efficacy to engage in CRC control efforts. Evaluation findings demonstrated statistically significance increases in both CRC knowledge scores (pre-test mean = 7.8/12.0 vs. post-test mean 10.9/12.0, p=0.000) and self-efficacy scores (pre-test mean = 3.8/5.0 vs. post-test mean = 4.8/5.0, p=0.001). These findings demonstrate the value of robust capacity development activities with patient navigators prior to intervention as a means of not only increase knowledge about CRC and its associated screenings, but to also engender significant readiness and confidence among patient navigators to integrate CRC control into practice. Citation Format: Kevin C English, Cheyenne Jim, Jen","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81968273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a051
L. Carnahan, Lindsey A. Jones, Katherine C. Brewer, Y. Molina, G. Rauscher
Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) populations, compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), are less likely to receive guideline concordant colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. CRC screening barriers are multifaceted and involve factors including health care access and utilization, sociodemographic characteristics, and individuals9 beliefs and awareness about cancer, screening tests, and guidelines. Inability to recall or recognize CRC tests and low knowledge of screening guidelines may contribute to disparate outcomes across the colon cancer continuum. Objective: In the present study, we sought to 1) characterize the prevalence of urban colon cancer patients9 awareness of screening tests and guidelines, and 2) examine if awareness and knowledge of guidelines were associated with mode of cancer detection (screen-detected versus symptomatic presentation). Methods: The Colon Cancer Patterns of Care in Chicago study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that examined racial, gender, and SES disparities in CRC screening, care initiation, diagnostic stage, and subsequent treatment. Eligible patients were NHB and NHW, aged 45-79, with first primary invasive colon cancer, and were recruited from nine diverse, urban health care institutions. After consent, participants completed an in-person interview wherein they responded to questions related to the recall and recognition of colon cancer stool, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy screening tests and knowledge of screening guidelines, diagnostic pathways and treatment, sociodemographic characteristics, and health care access and utilization. They received $100 for completing the interview and consenting to medical record abstraction. Logistic regression was used to model the association between knowledge and awareness variables and colon cancer mode of detection (symptomatic versus screen detection). incorporating nonresponse weights created to account for differences in response rate by facility, age, race and gender, and models were, and controlling for age, race, gender and the composite SES variable in all models. Results: Recall of stool testing and sigmoidoscopy was low (13% and 5%); name recognition of these tests was 59% and 30%, respectively. Correct guideline knowledge was low for all three tests (7% for sigmoidoscopy, 14% for FOBT, and 19% for colonoscopy). Recall, recognition, and knowledge were lower for NHB and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. Inability to name or recall a single test was associated with reduced screen-detection compared with recall of at least one test (36% vs. 22%, p=0.01). Discussion: Our results should help to identify target populations in need of enhanced education and additional prompting by their health care providers to ensure that they obtain the necessary surveillance for colon cancer over the long term. Citation Format: Leslie R. Carnahan, Lindsey Jones, Katherine Brewer, Yamile Molina, Garth Rauscher. Race and gender differences in awareness of colorectal can
{"title":"Abstract A051: Race and gender differences in awareness of colorectal cancer screening tests among recently diagnosed colon cancer","authors":"L. Carnahan, Lindsey A. Jones, Katherine C. Brewer, Y. Molina, G. Rauscher","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a051","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) populations, compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), are less likely to receive guideline concordant colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. CRC screening barriers are multifaceted and involve factors including health care access and utilization, sociodemographic characteristics, and individuals9 beliefs and awareness about cancer, screening tests, and guidelines. Inability to recall or recognize CRC tests and low knowledge of screening guidelines may contribute to disparate outcomes across the colon cancer continuum. Objective: In the present study, we sought to 1) characterize the prevalence of urban colon cancer patients9 awareness of screening tests and guidelines, and 2) examine if awareness and knowledge of guidelines were associated with mode of cancer detection (screen-detected versus symptomatic presentation). Methods: The Colon Cancer Patterns of Care in Chicago study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that examined racial, gender, and SES disparities in CRC screening, care initiation, diagnostic stage, and subsequent treatment. Eligible patients were NHB and NHW, aged 45-79, with first primary invasive colon cancer, and were recruited from nine diverse, urban health care institutions. After consent, participants completed an in-person interview wherein they responded to questions related to the recall and recognition of colon cancer stool, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy screening tests and knowledge of screening guidelines, diagnostic pathways and treatment, sociodemographic characteristics, and health care access and utilization. They received $100 for completing the interview and consenting to medical record abstraction. Logistic regression was used to model the association between knowledge and awareness variables and colon cancer mode of detection (symptomatic versus screen detection). incorporating nonresponse weights created to account for differences in response rate by facility, age, race and gender, and models were, and controlling for age, race, gender and the composite SES variable in all models. Results: Recall of stool testing and sigmoidoscopy was low (13% and 5%); name recognition of these tests was 59% and 30%, respectively. Correct guideline knowledge was low for all three tests (7% for sigmoidoscopy, 14% for FOBT, and 19% for colonoscopy). Recall, recognition, and knowledge were lower for NHB and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. Inability to name or recall a single test was associated with reduced screen-detection compared with recall of at least one test (36% vs. 22%, p=0.01). Discussion: Our results should help to identify target populations in need of enhanced education and additional prompting by their health care providers to ensure that they obtain the necessary surveillance for colon cancer over the long term. Citation Format: Leslie R. Carnahan, Lindsey Jones, Katherine Brewer, Yamile Molina, Garth Rauscher. Race and gender differences in awareness of colorectal can","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75264633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a009
Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, L. McKyer
Introduction: Health literacy (HL) has been identified as a significant predictor of outcomes across the health continuum, including cancer care. As a result it is recommended that all health professionals receive health literacy training. Some institutions have begun integrating health literacy into training programs, but there is a dearth of reliable assessment tools to measure learners9 knowledge. Only one validated instrument (Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience Scale (HL-KES)) exists that specifically assess health professionals9 health literacy competence, but it was validated for use among nurses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the HL-KES as a suitable measure for assessing the HL knowledge and experience of health promotion professionals. Methods: Advanced (junior and senior) students (n=250) enrolled in bachelor-level health promotion programs in three large public universities in Texas completed the 29-item HL-KES. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factor structure. Reliability estimates of the overall scale and subscales were assessed using the item covariance method with coefficient alpha (α). Results: The analyses identified three factors that accounted for 62% of the total variance. Twelve items loaded on factor 1 (Knowledge of HL challenges), four items loaded on factor 2 (knowledge of HL assessment strategies), and three items loaded on factor 3 (knowledge of HL principles for written healthcare materials). Results from the test of internal consistency indicated the HL-KES had acceptable reliability for the overall knowledge scale (Cronbach9s alpha = 0.77). The sub-scales had Cronbach9s alphas ranging from .31 to .52. Conclusion: The results suggest the HLKES is a reliable instrument for assessing health promotion professionals9 health literacy knowledge. As a whole, the Cronbach9s alpha for the instrument falls within the acceptable range (.65 - .90). The subscales, however, have low reliability coefficients. Cronbach9s alpha is a function of test length and inter-item correlation and a couple of subscales had just a few items. Reduction in the number of items no doubt attenuated the internal consistency. Citation Format: Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Lisako McKyer. Validation of an instrument to measure health professionals9 health literacy competence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A009.
{"title":"Abstract A009: Validation of an instrument to measure health professionals' health literacy competence","authors":"Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, L. McKyer","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a009","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Health literacy (HL) has been identified as a significant predictor of outcomes across the health continuum, including cancer care. As a result it is recommended that all health professionals receive health literacy training. Some institutions have begun integrating health literacy into training programs, but there is a dearth of reliable assessment tools to measure learners9 knowledge. Only one validated instrument (Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience Scale (HL-KES)) exists that specifically assess health professionals9 health literacy competence, but it was validated for use among nurses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the HL-KES as a suitable measure for assessing the HL knowledge and experience of health promotion professionals. Methods: Advanced (junior and senior) students (n=250) enrolled in bachelor-level health promotion programs in three large public universities in Texas completed the 29-item HL-KES. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factor structure. Reliability estimates of the overall scale and subscales were assessed using the item covariance method with coefficient alpha (α). Results: The analyses identified three factors that accounted for 62% of the total variance. Twelve items loaded on factor 1 (Knowledge of HL challenges), four items loaded on factor 2 (knowledge of HL assessment strategies), and three items loaded on factor 3 (knowledge of HL principles for written healthcare materials). Results from the test of internal consistency indicated the HL-KES had acceptable reliability for the overall knowledge scale (Cronbach9s alpha = 0.77). The sub-scales had Cronbach9s alphas ranging from .31 to .52. Conclusion: The results suggest the HLKES is a reliable instrument for assessing health promotion professionals9 health literacy knowledge. As a whole, the Cronbach9s alpha for the instrument falls within the acceptable range (.65 - .90). The subscales, however, have low reliability coefficients. Cronbach9s alpha is a function of test length and inter-item correlation and a couple of subscales had just a few items. Reduction in the number of items no doubt attenuated the internal consistency. Citation Format: Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Lisako McKyer. Validation of an instrument to measure health professionals9 health literacy competence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A009.","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83255207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a119
I. Cheng, S. M. Conroy, C. Tseng, Juan Yang, Shahir Masri, T. Larson, S. Fruin, J. Jain, L. Marchand, J. Samet, S. Gomez, V. Setiawan, Sungshim L Park, D. Stram, Salma Shariff-Marco, B. Ritz, Jun Wu, A. Wu
Introduction: California has one of the highest levels of air pollution in the nation. Vehicle exhaust contains a mixture of gases and particulate matter that are known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Our objective was to examine the association between specific traffic-related air pollutants and lung cancer risk by race/ethnicity and sex among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), residing predominately in Los Angeles County. Methods: Residential addresses from baseline, 1993-1996, through 2013 for over 112,000 California MEC participants were geocoded to latitude and longitude coordinates and used to estimate air pollutant exposures of NO2, NOX, PM10, CO, and O3 based on Bayesian kriging interpolation of state and national government air monitoring data. A total of 2,994 incident lung cancer cases (1,415 African Americans, 732 Latinos, 516 Whites, and 327 Japanese Americans) were identified by linkage to the California Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard regression was conducted to examine the long-term effects of NO2, NOX, PM10, CO, and O3 adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, health behaviors, smoking, and other established lung cancer risk factors. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Results: Lung cancer risk increased per 20 ppb NO2 among women (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.02-1.64) with consistent patterns of associations observed among African American, Japanese American, and White women. A slightly larger increased risk was observed among ever-smoking women (HR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.02-1.74), particularly ever-smoking African American women (HR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.24). In addition, a statistically significant increased lung cancer risk was observed per 10ug/m3 increase in PM10 among ever-smoking women (HR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.34) and per 100 ppb increase in CO among women (HR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09). No significant associations with lung cancer were detected among men. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that women of diverse racial/ethnic groups may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of long-term exposures of NO2, PM10, and CO on lung cancer risk. These findings among women in contrast to men may relate to differences in residential exposures with higher sensitivity or more time spent in residential neighborhoods for women in comparison to men. Future analyses will examine associations with other pollutants using different exposure assessment approaches and examine differences in associations by neighborhood- and individual-level factors. Citation Format: Iona Cheng, Shannon M. Conroy, Chiuchen Tseng, Juan Yang, Shahir Masri, Timothy Larson, Scott Fruin, Jennifer Jain, Loic Le Marchand, Jonathan Samet, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Sung-Shim Lani Park, Daniel O. Stram, Salma Shariff-Marco, Beate Ritz, Jun Wu, Anna H. Wu. Ethnic and sex differences in exposure to traffic-related air pollutants and lung cancer incidence: The Multieth
加州是美国空气污染最严重的地区之一。汽车尾气中含有已知具有致突变和致癌作用的气体和颗粒物的混合物。我们的目的是在多民族队列研究(MEC)的参与者中,根据种族/民族和性别,研究特定交通相关空气污染物与肺癌风险之间的关系,这些参与者主要居住在洛杉矶县。方法:对超过112,000名加州MEC参与者从1993-1996年至2013年的基线居住地址进行地理编码,并根据州和国家政府空气监测数据的贝叶斯克里格插值,用于估计NO2, NOX, PM10, CO和O3的空气污染物暴露。共有2994例肺癌病例(1415例非裔美国人,732例拉丁裔美国人,516例白人和327例日裔美国人)通过与加州癌症登记处的联系被确定。采用Cox比例风险回归来检验NO2、NOX、PM10、CO和O3对年龄、种族/民族、性别、教育程度、健康行为、吸烟和其他已知肺癌危险因素的长期影响。按性别、种族/民族和吸烟状况进行分层分析。结果:女性肺癌风险每增加20 ppb NO2 (HR=1.29;95% CI: 1.02-1.64),在非裔美国人、日裔美国人和白人女性中观察到一致的关联模式。吸烟女性的风险增加幅度略大(HR=1.33;95% CI: 1.02-1.74),尤其是吸烟的非裔美国妇女(HR=1.54;95% ci: 1.06, 2.24)。此外,在吸烟女性中,PM10每增加10ug/m3,肺癌风险增加具有统计学意义(HR=1.16;95% CI: 1.01-1.34)和女性CO每增加100 ppb (HR=1.05;95% ci: 1.01-1.09)。在男性中未发现与肺癌有显著关联。结论:这些初步研究结果表明,不同种族/民族的女性可能特别容易受到长期暴露于二氧化氮、PM10和一氧化碳的影响,从而增加肺癌风险。与男性相比,女性的这些发现可能与住宅暴露的差异有关,女性对住宅的敏感度更高,或者与男性相比,女性在住宅社区的时间更长。未来的分析将使用不同的暴露评估方法来检查与其他污染物的关联,并通过社区和个人水平的因素来检查关联的差异。引用格式:Iona Cheng, Shannon M. Conroy, Chiuchen Tseng, Juan Yang, Shahir Masri, Timothy Larson, Scott Fruin, Jennifer Jain, Loic Le Marchand, Jonathan Samet, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Sung-Shim Lani Park, Daniel O. Stram, Salma sharif - marco, Beate Ritz, Wu Jun, Anna H. Wu。交通相关空气污染物暴露与肺癌发病率的种族和性别差异:多种族队列研究[摘要]。见:第十一届AACR会议论文集:种族/少数民族和医疗服务不足人群的癌症健康差异科学;2018年11月2-5日;新奥尔良,洛杉矶。费城(PA): AACR;癌症流行病学生物标志物,2020;29(6增刊):摘要nr A119。
{"title":"Abstract A119: Ethnic and sex differences in exposure to traffic-related air pollutants and lung cancer incidence: The Multiethnic Cohort","authors":"I. Cheng, S. M. Conroy, C. Tseng, Juan Yang, Shahir Masri, T. Larson, S. Fruin, J. Jain, L. Marchand, J. Samet, S. Gomez, V. Setiawan, Sungshim L Park, D. Stram, Salma Shariff-Marco, B. Ritz, Jun Wu, A. Wu","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-a119","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: California has one of the highest levels of air pollution in the nation. Vehicle exhaust contains a mixture of gases and particulate matter that are known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Our objective was to examine the association between specific traffic-related air pollutants and lung cancer risk by race/ethnicity and sex among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), residing predominately in Los Angeles County. Methods: Residential addresses from baseline, 1993-1996, through 2013 for over 112,000 California MEC participants were geocoded to latitude and longitude coordinates and used to estimate air pollutant exposures of NO2, NOX, PM10, CO, and O3 based on Bayesian kriging interpolation of state and national government air monitoring data. A total of 2,994 incident lung cancer cases (1,415 African Americans, 732 Latinos, 516 Whites, and 327 Japanese Americans) were identified by linkage to the California Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard regression was conducted to examine the long-term effects of NO2, NOX, PM10, CO, and O3 adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, health behaviors, smoking, and other established lung cancer risk factors. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. Results: Lung cancer risk increased per 20 ppb NO2 among women (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.02-1.64) with consistent patterns of associations observed among African American, Japanese American, and White women. A slightly larger increased risk was observed among ever-smoking women (HR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.02-1.74), particularly ever-smoking African American women (HR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.24). In addition, a statistically significant increased lung cancer risk was observed per 10ug/m3 increase in PM10 among ever-smoking women (HR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.34) and per 100 ppb increase in CO among women (HR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09). No significant associations with lung cancer were detected among men. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that women of diverse racial/ethnic groups may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of long-term exposures of NO2, PM10, and CO on lung cancer risk. These findings among women in contrast to men may relate to differences in residential exposures with higher sensitivity or more time spent in residential neighborhoods for women in comparison to men. Future analyses will examine associations with other pollutants using different exposure assessment approaches and examine differences in associations by neighborhood- and individual-level factors. Citation Format: Iona Cheng, Shannon M. Conroy, Chiuchen Tseng, Juan Yang, Shahir Masri, Timothy Larson, Scott Fruin, Jennifer Jain, Loic Le Marchand, Jonathan Samet, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Sung-Shim Lani Park, Daniel O. Stram, Salma Shariff-Marco, Beate Ritz, Jun Wu, Anna H. Wu. Ethnic and sex differences in exposure to traffic-related air pollutants and lung cancer incidence: The Multieth","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73097751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-A22
Mathavi Sahadevan, O. Lee, M. Muzzio, B. Phan, L. Jacobs, N. Khouri, Jun Wang, Hong Hu, V. Stearns, R. Chatterton
Introduction: Single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA are discontinuities in one strand of the DNA and are usually accompanied by loss of a single base and by damaged 5- or 3-termini at the site of the break. If not repaired rapidly or appropriately, chromosomal SSBs pose a serious threat to genetic stability and cancer development. We hypothesize that if the presence of single strand DNA breaks can be quantified directly, it will provide a means of detecting a process that puts cells at high risk of developing cancer. The association between a quantitative measure of SSB and other measures of breast cancer risk was determined. Subjects: 206 postmenopausal and 99 premenopausal, healthy women with intact, healthy bilateral breasts, without implants or history of radiation, willing to undergo a random fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) of the breast within 3.5 months of a normal mammogram were recruited to the study. Exclusions: use of tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitor within 2 years of participation or oral contraceptives or other hormone treatments within 3 months of study enrollment. Participants completed personal and medical history questionnaires. Blood for hormone levels and random fine needle aspirates of the breast (rFNA) were collected following a breast exam. Methods: rFNA of the breast of women at unspecified risks for breast cancer were analyzed for SSB by a nick translation procedure. SSB levels digital two-dimensional breast density of the entire breast (PBD), mRNA of genes associated with DNA damage, and breast steroid concentrations by a LC/MS/MS procedure. Results: Based on the cpm in the purified sample, the specific activity of the 3H-dCTP, and quantity of DNA in the sample, the incorporation of 3H-dCTP ranged from 0.03 to 8.59 pmol/µg DNA. The β-coefficients for the relationships between SSB and measures of breast cancer risk were determined by a multiple regression procedure. PBD adjusted for age was associated with SSB in postmenopausal women (P = 0.007) but was not associated with SSB in premenopausal women. Further adjustment for BMI reduced the PBD relationship to SSB by 35% but adjustment for BMI. APEX1 was not significantly associated with SSB. XRCC1 mRNA was negatively associated with SSB in premenopausal women (p = 0.016), and was not altered by adjustment for age. The antioxidant functions NRF-1 and SOD2 were both significantly negatively associated with SSBs, P = 0.001 and 0.045, respectively, and both were decreased by less than 5% after adjustment for age. Breast tissue concentrations of 4-hydroxyestradiol exceeded those of estradiol, were correlated with tissue estradiol, and were significantly (P = 0.011) negatively related to SSB levels. Breast tissue concentrations of estradiol, estrone, 4-hydroxyestrone, and androstenedione were not significantly related to SSB. Conclusions: The most likely mechanism by which 4-OHE2 or 2-OHE1 could protect against formation of SSBs in the breast is by their antioxidative prop
简介:DNA单链断裂(SSB)是DNA单链的不连续性,通常伴随着单个碱基的丢失和断裂部位的5-或3-末端的损坏。如果不能迅速或适当地修复,染色体SSBs对遗传稳定性和癌症发展构成严重威胁。我们假设,如果单链DNA断裂的存在可以直接量化,它将提供一种检测使细胞处于高风险发展癌症的过程的方法。确定了SSB的定量测量与乳腺癌风险的其他测量之间的关联。研究对象:206名绝经后和99名绝经前的健康女性,双侧乳房完整、健康,没有植入物或放射史,愿意在正常乳房x光检查后3.5个月内接受随机细针抽吸(rFNA)。排除:参与研究2年内使用他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬或芳香化酶抑制剂,或在研究入组后3个月内使用口服避孕药或其他激素治疗。参与者填写了个人和病史问卷。在乳房检查后收集血液激素水平和随机乳腺细针抽吸(rFNA)。方法:对未明确乳腺癌风险的妇女的乳房rFNA进行缺口翻译程序分析SSB。通过LC/MS/MS程序检测SSB水平全乳数字二维乳腺密度(PBD)、与DNA损伤相关的基因mRNA和乳腺类固醇浓度。结果:根据纯化样品中的cpm、3H-dCTP的比活性和样品中DNA的含量,3H-dCTP的掺入范围为0.03 ~ 8.59 pmol/µg DNA。SSB与乳腺癌风险测量之间关系的β系数通过多元回归程序确定。经年龄调整的PBD与绝经后妇女的SSB相关(P = 0.007),但与绝经前妇女的SSB无关。进一步调整BMI使PBD与SSB的关系降低了35%,但调整BMI使PBD与SSB的关系降低了35%。APEX1与SSB无显著相关性。在绝经前妇女中,XRCC1 mRNA与SSB呈负相关(p = 0.016),且不因年龄调整而改变。抗氧化功能NRF-1和SOD2均与SSBs呈显著负相关(P分别为0.001和0.045),经年龄调整后,二者下降幅度均小于5%。乳腺组织4-羟基雌二醇浓度超过雌二醇,与组织雌二醇呈显著相关,与SSB水平呈显著负相关(P = 0.011)。乳腺组织中雌二醇、雌酮、4-羟孕酮和雄烯二酮的浓度与SSB无显著相关。结论:4-OHE2或2-OHE1最可能的机制是通过其抗氧化特性来防止乳腺中SSBs的形成。4-OHE2和其他儿茶酚类雌激素能够发生氧化还原反应,在儿茶酚结构、半醌自由基和邻醌之间循环。它们还能形成金属配合物,隔离金属,防止金属发生氧化还原反应。4-OHE2与雌二醇的结合亲和力为1.51;因此,儿茶酚类雌激素在激活NRF-1和Mn SOD方面具有与雌二醇相似或更高的活性,两者的升高与SSB水平降低相关。我们得出结论,通过缺口翻译程序测量的SSBs与乳腺癌风险测量相关,但不是多余的,并且与DNA损伤反应和抗氧化机制的缺陷有关。乳房组织中浓度的4-羟基雌二醇可能具有抗氧化功能和保护作用。引文格式:Mathavi Sahadevan, Oukseub Lee, Miguel Muzzio, Belinda Phan, Lisa Jacobs, Nagi Khouri, Jun Wang, Hong Hu, fred Stearns, Robert T. Chatterton。乳腺癌风险和组织雌激素浓度与DNA单链断裂的关系。[摘要]。摘自:AACR特别会议论文集:改进癌症风险预测以预防和早期发现;2016年11月16日至19日;费城(PA): AACR;Cancer epidemiology Biomarkers pre2017;26(5增刊):摘要nr A22。
{"title":"Abstract A22: Association of breast cancer risk and concentrations of tissue estrogens to single strand breaks in DNA","authors":"Mathavi Sahadevan, O. Lee, M. Muzzio, B. Phan, L. Jacobs, N. Khouri, Jun Wang, Hong Hu, V. Stearns, R. Chatterton","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-A22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-A22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA are discontinuities in one strand of the DNA and are usually accompanied by loss of a single base and by damaged 5- or 3-termini at the site of the break. If not repaired rapidly or appropriately, chromosomal SSBs pose a serious threat to genetic stability and cancer development. We hypothesize that if the presence of single strand DNA breaks can be quantified directly, it will provide a means of detecting a process that puts cells at high risk of developing cancer. The association between a quantitative measure of SSB and other measures of breast cancer risk was determined. Subjects: 206 postmenopausal and 99 premenopausal, healthy women with intact, healthy bilateral breasts, without implants or history of radiation, willing to undergo a random fine-needle aspiration (rFNA) of the breast within 3.5 months of a normal mammogram were recruited to the study. Exclusions: use of tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitor within 2 years of participation or oral contraceptives or other hormone treatments within 3 months of study enrollment. Participants completed personal and medical history questionnaires. Blood for hormone levels and random fine needle aspirates of the breast (rFNA) were collected following a breast exam. Methods: rFNA of the breast of women at unspecified risks for breast cancer were analyzed for SSB by a nick translation procedure. SSB levels digital two-dimensional breast density of the entire breast (PBD), mRNA of genes associated with DNA damage, and breast steroid concentrations by a LC/MS/MS procedure. Results: Based on the cpm in the purified sample, the specific activity of the 3H-dCTP, and quantity of DNA in the sample, the incorporation of 3H-dCTP ranged from 0.03 to 8.59 pmol/µg DNA. The β-coefficients for the relationships between SSB and measures of breast cancer risk were determined by a multiple regression procedure. PBD adjusted for age was associated with SSB in postmenopausal women (P = 0.007) but was not associated with SSB in premenopausal women. Further adjustment for BMI reduced the PBD relationship to SSB by 35% but adjustment for BMI. APEX1 was not significantly associated with SSB. XRCC1 mRNA was negatively associated with SSB in premenopausal women (p = 0.016), and was not altered by adjustment for age. The antioxidant functions NRF-1 and SOD2 were both significantly negatively associated with SSBs, P = 0.001 and 0.045, respectively, and both were decreased by less than 5% after adjustment for age. Breast tissue concentrations of 4-hydroxyestradiol exceeded those of estradiol, were correlated with tissue estradiol, and were significantly (P = 0.011) negatively related to SSB levels. Breast tissue concentrations of estradiol, estrone, 4-hydroxyestrone, and androstenedione were not significantly related to SSB. Conclusions: The most likely mechanism by which 4-OHE2 or 2-OHE1 could protect against formation of SSBs in the breast is by their antioxidative prop","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74270154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-B21
K. Cho
This research analyzed the effect of β-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in a macrophagocyte, which was processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia, a pathogen related to allergy. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of NF-κB was measured using the ELISA-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by E.coli LPS, the β-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. β-glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cell that was stimulated by E.coli LPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the SnPP. This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of β-glucan. The phosphorylation of JNK and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the β-glucan, and the IκB-α decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, β-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the STAT1 that was induced by the E.coli LPS. Overall, the β-glucan inhibited the production of NO in the macrophagocyte that was vitalized by the E.coli LPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host inflammation reaction control by β-glucan weakens the progress of the allergies, β-glucan can be used as an effective treatment method. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Kwang Keun Cho, Sr. The study of β-glucan on the release of nitric oxide by macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.
{"title":"Abstract B21: The study of β-glucan on the release of nitric oxide by macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide","authors":"K. Cho","doi":"10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-B21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-B21","url":null,"abstract":"This research analyzed the effect of β-glucan that is expected to alleviate the production of the inflammatory mediator in a macrophagocyte, which was processed by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia, a pathogen related to allergy. The incubated layer was used for a nitric oxide (NO) analysis. The DNA-binding activation of the small unit of NF-κB was measured using the ELISA-based kit. In the RAW264.7 cells that were vitalized by E.coli LPS, the β-glucan inhibited both the combatant and rendering phases of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-derived NO. β-glucan increased the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the cell that was stimulated by E.coli LPS, and the HO-1 activation was inhibited by the SnPP. This shows that the NO production induced by LPS is related to the inhibition effect of β-glucan. The phosphorylation of JNK and the p38 induced by the LPS were not influenced by the β-glucan, and the IκB-α decomposition was not influenced either. Instead, β-glucan remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of the STAT1 that was induced by the E.coli LPS. Overall, the β-glucan inhibited the production of NO in the macrophagocyte that was vitalized by the E.coli LPS through the HO-1 induction and the STAT1 pathways inhibition in this research. As the host inflammation reaction control by β-glucan weakens the progress of the allergies, β-glucan can be used as an effective treatment method. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Kwang Keun Cho, Sr. The study of β-glucan on the release of nitric oxide by macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.","PeriodicalId":9487,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78493176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.CARISK16-IA03
M. Kattan
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has recognizes the need for more personalized predictions than those delivered by cancer staging systems. In particular, the use of accurate risk models or calculators is seen as valuable. However, judging the quality and acceptability of a risk model is difficult. The AJCC Precision Medicine Core formed a committee to establish inclusion and exclusion criteria necessary for a risk model to potentially be endorsed by the AJCC. They identified 13 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria for AJCC risk model endorsement. The criteria centered on performance metrics, implementation clarity, and clinical relevance. These criteria will be described. Citation Format: Michael W. Kattan. Requirements for a statistical prediction model to receive AJCC endorsement. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA03.
美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)已经认识到需要比癌症分期系统更个性化的预测。特别是,使用准确的风险模型或计算器被认为是有价值的。然而,判断风险模型的质量和可接受性是困难的。AJCC精准医学核心成立了一个委员会,以建立风险模型可能得到AJCC认可所需的纳入和排除标准。他们确定了AJCC风险模型认可的13个纳入标准和3个排除标准。标准集中于绩效指标、实施清晰度和临床相关性。下面将描述这些标准。引文格式:Michael W. Kattan。获得AJCC认可的统计预测模型的要求。[摘要]。摘自:AACR特别会议论文集:改进癌症风险预测以预防和早期发现;2016年11月16日至19日;费城(PA): AACR;Cancer epidemiology Biomarkers pre2017;26(5增刊):摘要nr IA03。
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