Cancer treatment and research communications最新文献_第2页

Application of landmark analysis and piecewise Cox regression to identify features associated with prognosis: A national retrospective cohort study of New Zealand women 应用里程碑分析和分段Cox回归来识别与预后相关的特征：一项新西兰妇女的全国性回顾性队列研究。

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101101

B. Woodhouse , W. Laux , A. Trevarton , A. Lasham , N. Knowlton

Background

Breast cancer prognosis changes over time in complex ways depending on individual risk factors. This study aimed to analyze how breast cancer outcomes in New Zealand women change over time and identify features associated with breast cancer specific survival and locoregional recurrence across different receptor subtypes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from Te Rēhita Mate Ūtaetae (Breast Cancer Foundation National Register) on 21,574 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2000–2019. We applied k-medians survival clustering, landmark analysis, and piecewise Cox regression to identify time-specific risk patterns and prognostic features.

Results

Survival improved significantly for women diagnosed more recently. Triple-negative breast cancer had the poorest 5-year breast cancer specific survival but demonstrated better outcomes for women surviving beyond this period. In contrast, ER+/HER2- tumors, associated with favorable short-term outcomes, showed the highest risk of late recurrence and breast cancer mortality beyond 10 years. Younger age at diagnosis (≤44 years) was associated with increased recurrence risks, especially for ER-/HER2+ tumors. Radiation therapy reduced early LRR across subtypes. Tumor grade was inversely associated with late recurrence, while stage 2 disease in ER+ tumors markedly elevated late recurrence odds compared to stage 1.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the dynamic nature of breast cancer prognosis, with key findings emphasizing the time-dependent shifts in risk across receptor subtypes. These findings underscore the importance of personalized, receptor-specific follow-up strategies, including extended monitoring for subgroups at heightened long-term risk.

背景：乳腺癌预后随着时间的推移以复杂的方式变化，这取决于个体的危险因素。本研究旨在分析新西兰女性乳腺癌结局如何随时间变化，并确定不同受体亚型乳腺癌特异性生存和局部复发的相关特征。方法：利用Rēhita Mate Ūtaetae（乳腺癌基金会国家登记处）的数据，对2000-2019年间诊断为浸润性乳腺癌的21574名女性进行回顾性队列研究。我们应用k-中位数生存聚类、里程碑分析和分段Cox回归来确定特定时间的风险模式和预后特征。结果：近期确诊的女性生存率显著提高。三阴性乳腺癌患者的5年乳腺癌特异性生存率最低，但超过5年生存率的女性表现出更好的预后。相比之下，ER+/HER2-肿瘤与良好的短期预后相关，显示出10年以上晚期复发和乳腺癌死亡率的最高风险。较年轻的诊断年龄（≤44岁）与复发风险增加相关，特别是对于ER-/HER2+肿瘤。放射治疗降低了不同亚型的早期LRR。肿瘤分级与晚期复发呈负相关，而ER+肿瘤的2期疾病与1期相比显著提高晚期复发的几率。结论：本研究证明了乳腺癌预后的动态特性，主要发现强调了不同受体亚型的风险随时间的变化。这些发现强调了个性化、受体特异性随访策略的重要性，包括对长期风险较高的亚组进行扩展监测。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of POU2F3-expressing large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: A comprehensive analysis of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and genomic alterations 表达pou2f3的肺大细胞神经内分泌癌的特征：形态学、免疫组织化学和基因组改变的综合分析

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101113

Ryota Matsuoka , Kei Asayama , Tomoki Nakagawa , Yoshihiko Murata , Ayako Suzuki , Yutaka Suzuki , Naohiro Kobayashi , Yukio Sato , Nobuyuki Hizawa , Hiroyoshi Tsubochi , Shunsuke Endo , Koichi Hagiwara , Toshiro Niki , Noriyoshi Fukushima , Kentaro Inamura , Daisuke Matsubara

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the lung that is characterized by its heterogeneous morphology, diverse immunophenotypes, and complex genomic profiles. Among LCNECs, a subset expressing the transcription factor POU2F3 (LCNEC-P) has been suggested to share similarities with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)-P, a subtype of SCLC defined by POU2F3 expression. However, the specific characteristics of LCNEC-P have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to clarify the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic characteristics of LCNEC-P.

Fifty-six LCNEC cases were analyzed, including 12 LCNEC-P and 44 LCNEC-non-P cases. Morphologically, LCNEC-P exhibited significantly lower cytomorphology scores, indicating a resemblance to SCLC. Immunohistochemically, LCNEC-P showed the lower expression of neuroendocrine markers (SYP, CHGA, and INSM1), but the higher expression of C-MYC than LCNEC-non-P. A strong mutually exclusive expression pattern was observed between POU2F3 and ASCL1/NEUROD1. Whole-genome sequencing of 20 cases revealed that LCNEC-P harbored RB1 mutations in 100 % of cases, which was significantly higher than in LCNEC-non-P (40 %). FGFR1 amplification was observed in 60 % of LCNEC-P cases, representing a higher prevalence than previously reported for LCNEC. In addition, LCNEC-P showed a distinct copy number alteration profile, including frequent 20q13 amplification, compared with LCNEC-non-P.

These results demonstrate that LCNEC-P represents a distinct subgroup of LCNEC that is characterized by a specific morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic profile, closely resembling SCLC-P. This study provides insights into the biology of LCNEC-P and supports its classification as a unique entity within LCNEC.

大细胞神经内分泌癌（LCNEC）是一种肺神经内分泌癌（NEC），其特征是其异质形态、多种免疫表型和复杂的基因组图谱。在LCNECs中，一个表达转录因子POU2F3的亚群（lcnecc -P）被认为与小细胞肺癌(SCLC)-P有相似之处，小细胞肺癌是由POU2F3表达定义的SCLC亚型。然而，LCNEC-P的具体特性尚未完全阐明。因此，本研究的目的是阐明LCNEC-P的临床病理、免疫组织化学和遗传特征。分析56例LCNEC病例，其中LCNEC- p 12例，LCNEC-非p 44例。形态学上，LCNEC-P表现出明显较低的细胞形态学评分，表明与SCLC相似。免疫组化结果显示，LCNEC-P组神经内分泌标志物（SYP、CHGA、INSM1）的表达较LCNEC-non-P组低，而C-MYC的表达高于LCNEC-non-P组。POU2F3与ASCL1/NEUROD1之间存在强烈的互斥表达模式。对20例病例的全基因组测序显示，LCNEC-P 100%的病例携带RB1突变，显著高于LCNEC-non-P（40%）。在60%的LCNEC- p病例中观察到FGFR1扩增，这比先前报道的LCNEC的患病率更高。此外，与LCNEC-non-P相比，LCNEC-P表现出明显的拷贝数改变特征，包括频繁的20q13扩增。这些结果表明LCNEC- p代表了LCNEC的一个独特的亚群，其特征是具有特定的形态学，免疫组织化学和遗传谱，与SCLC-P非常相似。这项研究提供了对LCNEC- p生物学的见解，并支持其作为LCNEC内独特实体的分类。

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引用次数: 0

Chemotherapy-induced liver injury in Tibetan breast cancer patients: clinical features and risk factor analysis 藏族乳腺癌患者化疗性肝损伤的临床特点及危险因素分析

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101111

Quzhen Ciren , Zhen Se , Wangmu Sangdan , Puchi Suolang , Yulan Zhao , Yiqun Li , Yuchao Ma

Objective

To conduct the first analysis of the clinical characteristics and factors affecting drug-induced liver injury following neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in the Xizang region.

Methods

Overall, 246 patients with breast cancer diagnosed and treated at the People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region from June 2016 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, among whom 71 patients received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Liver injury was defined as elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, or total bilirubin beyond the upper limit of normal from the initiation of chemotherapy to 3 months post-chemotherapy. The severity was assessed according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. Cases with alternative etiologies, such as viral hepatitis reactivation, were excluded. Factors influencing drug-induced liver injury were analyzed. A univariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, whereas a multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. The difference was considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

Results

The median age of all patients was 51 years (range, 28–71 years). Liver injury was observed in 37 cases (52.1%), and 89.2% of them had Grade I-II injury. Both univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that receiving concomitant anti-HER-2 targeted therapy (OR=6.290, 95%CI: 1.617-24.472, p=0.008) was a risk factor for chemotherapy-induced liver injury.

Conclusion

Receiving concurrent anti-HER-2 targeted therapy is a major risk factor for post-chemotherapy liver function injury for patients with breast cancer in the Xizang region, and the monitoring of liver function levels should be strengthened in such patients.

目的首次分析西藏地区乳腺癌新辅助和辅助化疗后药物性肝损伤的临床特点及影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2023年8月西藏自治区人民医院诊治的246例乳腺癌患者，其中71例接受了新辅助或辅助化疗。肝损伤定义为从化疗开始至化疗后3个月，丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶或总胆红素水平超过正常上限。根据不良事件通用术语标准v5.0评估严重程度。其他病因的病例，如病毒性肝炎再激活，被排除在外。分析影响药物性肝损伤的因素。单因素分析采用卡方检验，多因素分析采用逻辑回归。p < 0.05认为差异有统计学意义。结果所有患者年龄中位数为51岁（28 ~ 71岁）。肝损伤37例（52.1%），其中I-II级损伤占89.2%。单因素和多因素分析均表明，同时接受抗her -2靶向治疗（OR=6.290, 95%CI: 1.617-24.472, p=0.008）是化疗所致肝损伤的危险因素。结论同时接受抗her -2靶向治疗是西藏地区乳腺癌患者化疗后肝功能损伤的主要危险因素，应加强对该类患者肝功能水平的监测。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of young women with luminal HER2-low and HER2-ultralow breast cancer 年轻女性腔内her2低和her2超低乳腺癌的临床特征和生存结局

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101112

Jesus Edgardo Hernandez-Hernandez , César Octavio Lara-Torres , Alejandro Aranda-Gutierrez , Víctor A. Domínguez-Porras , Bryan Moreno-Moran , Héctor Díaz-Pérez , Gabriela Sofía Gómez-Macías , Cynthia Villarreal-Garza , Alejandro Mohar

Background

Young women with breast cancer (YWBC) often present with aggressive, hormone receptor-positive tumors. However, the implications of HER2-low and HER2-ultralow expression in this group have not been well characterized despite their potential therapeutic relevance.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 157 Mexican women aged ≤ 40 years with a prior diagnosis of luminal, HER2-negative breast cancer. HER2 status was reassessed to characterize different levels of HER2 expression within HER2-negative disease, specifically HER2-null, HER2-low, and HER2-ultralow. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were compared across groups.

Results

Evaluation of HER2 expression levels identified that 21.0 % of tumors met criteria for HER2-low expression and 18.5 % for HER2-ultralow expression. HER2-low tumors were more prevalent in luminal B disease and were associated with higher Ki-67, lower PR, and increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, while there were no particularities in HER2-null and ultralow tumors. No significant differences were observed in disease-free or overall survival between HER2-null, HER2-low, and HER2-ultralow groups.

Conclusions

Approximately 40 % of young women with luminal HER2-negative breast cancers have HER2-low or ultralow disease. These findings highlight the importance of accurately assessing HER2 expression in YWBC to identify candidates for emerging HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab deruxtecan.

背景年轻女性乳腺癌（YWBC）常表现为侵袭性、激素受体阳性肿瘤。然而，尽管her2 -低和her2 -超低表达在这一组中具有潜在的治疗意义，但它们的含义尚未得到很好的表征。方法：我们对157名年龄≤40岁、既往诊断为腔型her2阴性乳腺癌的墨西哥女性进行了回顾性研究。重新评估HER2状态，以表征HER2阴性疾病中不同水平的HER2表达，特别是HER2无、HER2低和HER2超低。比较各组的临床病理特征和生存结果。结果HER2表达水平评估表明，21.0%的肿瘤符合HER2低表达标准，18.5%的肿瘤符合HER2超低表达标准。her2 -低的肿瘤在管腔B疾病中更为普遍，并且与较高的Ki-67、较低的PR和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞增加相关，而her2 -零和超低的肿瘤没有特异性。HER2-null组、HER2-low组和her2 -超低组的无病生存率或总生存率无显著差异。结论：大约40%的腔内her2阴性乳腺癌年轻女性患有her2低或超低的疾病。这些发现强调了准确评估YWBC中HER2表达的重要性，以确定新兴HER2靶向治疗的候选药物，如曲妥珠单抗德鲁西替康。

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引用次数: 0

A predictive nomogram for cancer-specific survival in elderly patients with ductal carcinoma in situ after lumpectomy: A SEER-based retrospective study 乳房肿瘤切除术后老年导管原位癌患者癌症特异性生存率的预测图：一项基于seer的回顾性研究

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101129

Hui Hongxia , Luo Honglei , Ren Yi , Liu Hua , Song Yaqi

Purpose

To develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

Methods

Data from the SEER database (2000–2019) were used, comprising 40,502 eligible patients who were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts. Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risks regression models were employed. A nomogram was constructed and evaluated using time-dependent C-index, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Risk stratification and subgroup analyses were conducted.

Results

Multivariable analysis identified older age (≥80 years; HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.53–2.24), hormone receptor negativity (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.69), and omission of radiotherapy (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11–1.61) as independent predictors of worse CSS. The nomogram demonstrated moderate discriminative ability, with time-dependent C-indices of 0.606 (training) and 0.659 (validation). Calibration and decision curve analysis demonstrated favorable clinical utility. Subgroup analyses indicated a significant CSS benefit from radiotherapy among hormone receptor-negative patients across all age groups (70–79: HR 0.349, p < 0.001; ≥80: HR 0.375, p = 0.045).

Conclusions

We developed and validated a nomogram that integrates age, hormone receptor status, and radiotherapy use to predict CSS in older patients with DCIS following breast-conserving surgery. This tool could aid in identifying a high-risk patients, particularly those with hormone receptor-negative disease, who may derive significant survival benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.

目的建立并验证一种预测保乳手术（BCS）后老年导管原位癌（DCIS）患者肿瘤特异性生存（CSS）的预后nomogram。方法使用来自SEER数据库（2000-2019）的数据，包括40,502名符合条件的患者，他们被随机分配到培训和验证队列。采用Cox比例风险和Fine-Gray竞争风险回归模型。采用随时间变化的c -指数、校准曲线和决策曲线分析，构建并评价了nomogram。进行风险分层和亚组分析。结果多变量分析发现，年龄较大（≥80岁；HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.53-2.24）、激素受体阴性（HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.69）和未接受放疗（HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.61）是恶化CSS的独立预测因素。模态图具有中等的判别能力，c -指数随时间的变化分别为0.606（训练）和0.659（验证）。校正和决策曲线分析显示良好的临床应用价值。亚组分析显示，所有年龄组激素受体阴性患者放疗后CSS获益显著（70-79:HR 0.349, p < 0.001;≥80:HR 0.375, p = 0.045）。结论：我们开发并验证了一种结合年龄、激素受体状态和放疗使用的nomogram方法，用于预测老年DCIS患者保乳手术后的CSS。该工具可以帮助识别高风险患者，特别是那些激素受体阴性疾病的患者，他们可能从辅助放疗中获得显着的生存益处。

{"title":"A predictive nomogram for cancer-specific survival in elderly patients with ductal carcinoma in situ after lumpectomy: A SEER-based retrospective study","authors":"Hui Hongxia , Luo Honglei , Ren Yi , Liu Hua , Song Yaqi","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To develop and validate a prognostic nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the SEER database (2000–2019) were used, comprising 40,502 eligible patients who were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts. Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risks regression models were employed. A nomogram was constructed and evaluated using time-dependent C-index, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Risk stratification and subgroup analyses were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multivariable analysis identified older age (≥80 years; HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.53–2.24), hormone receptor negativity (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.69), and omission of radiotherapy (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11–1.61) as independent predictors of worse CSS. The nomogram demonstrated moderate discriminative ability, with time-dependent C-indices of 0.606 (training) and 0.659 (validation). Calibration and decision curve analysis demonstrated favorable clinical utility. Subgroup analyses indicated a significant CSS benefit from radiotherapy among hormone receptor-negative patients across all age groups (70–79: HR 0.349, <em>p</em> < 0.001; ≥80: HR 0.375, <em>p</em> = 0.045).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We developed and validated a nomogram that integrates age, hormone receptor status, and radiotherapy use to predict CSS in older patients with DCIS following breast-conserving surgery. This tool could aid in identifying a high-risk patients, particularly those with hormone receptor-negative disease, who may derive significant survival benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 101129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Securinine bolsters anti-tumor immunity by promoting CD8⁺ T cell activation Securinine通过促进CD8 + T细胞活化增强抗肿瘤免疫

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101120

Liangchen Gui , Wenting Song , Haowei Luo , Shuang Zhou , Ye Zhou , Liyuan Zhang , Yunhui Li , Qinlan Wang , Jin Hou

Securinine (SEC) is a natural alkaloid isolated from Flueggea suffruticosa, which can suppress tumor growth of some types. T cells play a critical role in anti-tumor function. However, whether SEC mediates T cell-mediated anti-tumor effects remains unknown. Here, we found that SEC treatment suppressed tumor growth and improved survival in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. SEC promotes the percentage of IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cell and TNF-α⁺CD8⁺ T cell in tumor microenvironments. SEC promoted T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in B16F10-OVA and OT-I co-culture systems. The anti-tumor function of SEC was abrogated after depleting CD8⁺ T cells in tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, SEC promoted T cell receptor (TCR) activation, increased IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism in CD8⁺ T cells. Additionally, SEC combination with anti-PD-1 suppressed tumor growth and improved survival in tumor-bearing mice. Thus, SEC enhances anti-tumor immunity by promoting CD8⁺ T cell activation, suggesting its potential role in tumor immunotherapy.

Securinine （SEC）是一种从Flueggea suffruticosa中分离得到的天然生物碱，具有抑制某些类型肿瘤生长的作用。T细胞在抗肿瘤功能中起关键作用。然而，SEC是否介导T细胞介导的抗肿瘤作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们发现SEC治疗抑制了荷瘤小鼠体内的肿瘤生长并提高了生存率。SEC促进肿瘤微环境中IFN-γ+CD8+ T细胞和TNF-α+CD8+ T细胞的百分比。SEC在B16F10-OVA和OT-I共培养系统中促进T细胞介导的细胞毒性。在荷瘤小鼠体内消耗CD8+ T细胞后，SEC的抗肿瘤功能完全丧失。在机制上，SEC促进了T细胞受体（TCR）的激活，增加了IL-2和IFN-γ的产生，并增强了CD8+ T细胞的线粒体代谢。此外，SEC联合抗pd -1可抑制荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长，提高其存活率。因此，SEC通过促进CD8+ T细胞活化来增强抗肿瘤免疫，提示其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的潜在作用。

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引用次数: 0

Differential predictive value of baseline tumor size according to PD-L1 expression in advanced NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors 免疫检查点抑制剂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌中PD-L1表达对基线肿瘤大小的差异预测价值

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.101087

Hiroki Ito , Masayuki Shirasawa , Yuki Akazawa , Akinori Watanabe , Tomohiro Furo , Ayumi Nishimura , Junpei Endo , Atsuko Watanabe , Hiroto Kurata , Maito Nakano , Seiichiro Kusuhara , Mikiko Kakegawa , Yoshiro Nakahara , Takashi Sato , Jiichiro Sasaki , Toshitaka Maeno , Katsuhiko Naoki

Background

The predictive role of baseline tumor size (BTS) in advanced NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is unclear. We investigated its impact on ICI efficacy stratified by PD-L1 expression.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed advanced NSCLC patients without driver mutations who received anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, with or without chemotherapy. The association between BTS and progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed according to tumor proportion score (TPS).

Results

A total of 423 patients were included, of whom 314 received ICI monotherapy, and 109 received chemoimmunotherapy. In the monotherapy group, patients with small tumors (<98 mm) exhibited significantly longer PFS compared to those with large tumors (≥98 mm) (7.1 vs. 2.3 months; p = 0.01). This trend was most pronounced in patients with TPS 1–49% receiving monotherapy (PFS: 4.9 vs. 1.3 months; p < 0.001). BTS was not significantly associated with PFS in the TPS ≥50% or <1% subgroups within the monotherapy cohort. However, in the chemoimmunotherapy group, PFS did not significantly differ between small and large tumors (7.1 vs. 5.5 months; p = 0.78). In the chemoimmunotherapy group, BTS significantly influenced PFS only in the TPS <1% subgroup (PFS 9.5 vs. 5.3 months; p = 0.03), but not in those with TPS ≥50% or 1–49%.

Discussion

BTS was a significant predictor of ICI monotherapy efficacy in patients with TPS 1–49%. Patients with large tumors and intermediate PD-L1 expression derived limited benefit from monotherapy, suggesting that chemoimmunotherapy may be more effective in this subgroup.

基线肿瘤大小（BTS）在免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌中的预测作用尚不清楚。我们根据PD-L1表达分层研究了其对ICI疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析接受或不接受化疗的抗pd -(L)1治疗的无驱动突变晚期非小细胞肺癌患者。根据肿瘤比例评分（TPS）评估BTS与无进展生存期（PFS）的相关性。结果共纳入423例患者，其中ICI单药治疗314例，化疗免疫治疗109例。在单药治疗组，小肿瘤（≥98 mm）患者的PFS明显长于大肿瘤（≥98 mm）患者（7.1个月vs. 2.3个月；p = 0.01）。这一趋势在接受单药治疗的TPS为1-49%的患者中最为明显（PFS: 4.9 vs. 1.3个月；p < 0.001）。在单药治疗队列中，TPS≥50%或<；1%亚组中，BTS与PFS无显著相关性。然而，在化学免疫治疗组，小肿瘤和大肿瘤的PFS没有显著差异（7.1个月vs. 5.5个月；p = 0.78）。在化学免疫治疗组中，BTS仅在TPS和lt；1%亚组中显著影响PFS (PFS 9.5 vs. 5.3个月；p = 0.03)，而在TPS≥50%或1-49%的亚组中无显著影响。bts是1-49% TPS患者ICI单药治疗疗效的重要预测因子。大肿瘤和中等PD-L1表达的患者从单药治疗中获得的益处有限，这表明化疗免疫治疗在这一亚组中可能更有效。

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引用次数: 0

Renal function decline after radical nephroureterectomy: Longitudinal analysis and predictive factors in upper tract urothelial carcinoma 根治性肾输尿管切除术后肾功能下降：纵向分析及上尿路上皮癌的预测因素

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101107

Hao‑Chun Chao , Wei‑Ming Li , Hsin‑Chih Yeh , Yen‑Chun Wang , Wen‑Jeng Wu , Ching‑Chia Li , Hung‑Lung Ke , Hsiang‑Ying Lee

Objective

To evaluate renal function trends following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and identify key preoperative predictors of post-RNU renal function in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 338 UTUC patients who underwent RNU between 2008 and 2022. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was measured preoperatively and at <3, 3–12, and 12–24 months postoperatively. Generalized linear models assessed renal function changes over time, while generalized estimating equation (GEE) models identified predictors of postoperative eGFR.

Results

A significant eGFR decline was observed (P < 0.001), most pronounced within three months after surgery. CKD prevalence increased from 63.91 % preoperatively to 79.29 % postoperatively. Multivariable analysis identified preoperative eGFR (β = 0.612, P < 0.001) and tumor size (β = 1.189, P < 0.001) as the strongest independent predictors of postoperative renal function, with preoperative eGFR explaining the largest proportion of variance (R² = 47.50 %). Pathological T stage and Charlson Comorbidity Index were also statistically significant.

Conclusion

RNU significantly and adversely affects postoperative renal function in patients with UTUC. Preoperative eGFR and tumor size are the most influential predictors of postoperative renal function. The identified predictors may assist clinicians in anticipating postoperative renal outcomes, thereby informing surgical decision-making and preoperative counseling aimed at balancing oncological control and renal preservation.

目的评价根治性肾输尿管切除术（RNU）后的肾功能变化趋势，并确定RNU术后上尿路上皮癌（UTUC）患者肾功能的关键术前预测因素。方法回顾性分析2008年至2022年间行RNU手术的338例UTUC患者。术前及术后3、3 - 12和12-24个月测量肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。广义线性模型评估肾功能随时间的变化，而广义估计方程（GEE）模型确定了术后eGFR的预测因子。结果术后3个月内eGFR明显下降（P < 0.001）。CKD患病率由术前的63.91%上升至术后的79.29%。多变量分析发现术前eGFR （β = 0.612, P < 0.001）和肿瘤大小（β = 1.189, P < 0.001）是术后肾功能最强的独立预测因子，其中术前eGFR解释的方差比例最大（R²= 47.50%）。病理T分期和Charlson合并症指数也有统计学意义。结论rnu对UTUC患者术后肾功能有显著不良影响。术前eGFR和肿瘤大小是术后肾功能最重要的预测因子。确定的预测因素可以帮助临床医生预测术后肾脏预后，从而为手术决策和术前咨询提供信息，旨在平衡肿瘤控制和肾脏保护。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of metformin use on survival outcomes in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis 二甲双胍对结直肠癌患者生存结局的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.101073

Mohammad Rahmanian , Iman Elahi Vahed , Mohammad Shirali , Nima Barazandeh , Mehraban Amirhosseini , Mahdi Bamdad , Mohammadreza Mesri , Amirmohammad Jabbarpour , Farbod Khosravi , Niloufar Shabani , Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard

Background

Emerging research indicates that metformin exerts anticancer activity across multiple malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet, its prognostic influence in CRC remains uncertain due to conflicting evidence. This study examines the relationship between metformin administration and prognostic outcomes among CRC patients.

Methods

A thorough literature search was undertaken across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies consisted of cohort designs that reported hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality (ACM), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), cancer-specific mortality (CSM), or recurrence-free survival (RFS). Pooled estimates were generated using random-effects models.

Results

A total of 31 cohort studies encompassing 167,683 participants were analyzed. Metformin use was linked to lower ACM (HR=0.79, 95 % CI: 0.70–0.90), reduced CSM (HR=0.80, 95 % CI: 0.69–0.94), and improved OS (HR=0.79, 95 % CI: 0.70–0.90), with the benefits most evident in diabetic populations. Among non-diabetic patients, no meaningful association with CSM was identified (HR=0.96, 95 % CI: 0.84–1.10), whereas diabetic patients exhibited a significant reduction (HR=0.77, 95 % CI: 0.63–0.93). No effect was observed for RFS (HR=1.00, 95 % CI: 0.96–1.05), and DFS demonstrated only a non-significant trend toward improvement (HR=0.78, 95 % CI: 0.59–1.04). Considerable heterogeneity was present and evidence of publication bias was noted for DFS.

Conclusion

Metformin use is reported to be associated with favorable prognostic outcomes in individuals with CRC, particularly among those with type 2 diabetes. However, its role in disease recurrence remains uncertain. Further randomized controlled investigations are required to validate these results and to establish their relevance in non-diabetic populations.

背景：新兴研究表明，二甲双胍对多种恶性肿瘤，包括结直肠癌（CRC）具有抗癌活性。然而，由于证据矛盾，其对结直肠癌预后的影响仍不确定。本研究探讨了二甲双胍给药与结直肠癌患者预后之间的关系。方法：在PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus和谷歌Scholar上进行全面的文献检索。符合条件的研究包括报告全因死亡率（ACM）、无病生存期（DFS）、总生存期（OS）、癌症特异性死亡率（CSM）或无复发生存期（RFS）的风险比（hr）的队列设计。汇总估计是使用随机效应模型生成的。结果：共分析了31项队列研究，包括167,683名参与者。二甲双胍的使用与降低ACM （HR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.70-0.90）、降低CSM （HR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.69-0.94）和改善OS （HR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.70-0.90）相关，在糖尿病人群中获益最为明显。在非糖尿病患者中，没有发现与CSM有意义的关联（HR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.84-1.10），而糖尿病患者表现出显著的降低（HR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.63-0.93）。RFS无明显改善（HR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.96-1.05）， DFS无明显改善趋势（HR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.59-1.04）。存在相当大的异质性，DFS存在发表偏倚的证据。结论：据报道，二甲双胍的使用与结直肠癌患者，特别是2型糖尿病患者的良好预后相关。然而，它在疾病复发中的作用仍不确定。需要进一步的随机对照研究来验证这些结果，并确定其在非糖尿病人群中的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Contemporary insights into head and neck cancers: Epidemiology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and therapeutic advances 对头颈癌的当代见解：流行病学、分子生物学、诊断和治疗进展。

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.101086

Ankit Singh

Head and Neck Cancers (HNCs) continue to pose significant challenges in oncology due to their complex heterogeneity and the persistent limitations of current therapeutic strategies, underscoring the critical need for contemporary, insightful reviews. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent advancements in HNC research, encompassing epidemiology, molecular biology, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions, with a particular emphasis on the transformative impact of emerging concepts. Key innovations highlighted include the integration of multi-omics data for developing personalized treatment strategies and the pivotal role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in refining diagnostic accuracy and optimizing therapeutic planning. Furthermore, the review explores novel therapeutic modalities beyond conventional approaches, such as advanced immunotherapies and sophisticated strategies targeting the tumor microenvironment. It also emphasizes the potential of liquid biopsies for non-invasive early detection and precise minimal residual disease monitoring, alongside critical innovations in prophylaxis and early detection methods. Collectively, these advancements hold substantial promise for profoundly improving the diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately, the clinical outcomes for patients afflicted with HNCs.

头颈癌（HNCs）由于其复杂的异质性和当前治疗策略的持续局限性，继续在肿瘤学中构成重大挑战，强调了对当代，有见地的评论的迫切需要。本综述综合了HNC研究的最新进展，包括流行病学、分子生物学、诊断和治疗干预，特别强调了新兴概念的变革性影响。重点创新包括多组学数据的集成，用于开发个性化治疗策略，以及人工智能和机器学习在提高诊断准确性和优化治疗计划方面的关键作用。此外，本文还探讨了传统方法之外的新治疗方式，如先进的免疫疗法和针对肿瘤微环境的复杂策略。它还强调液体活检在非侵入性早期检测和精确的微小残留疾病监测方面的潜力，以及预防和早期检测方法的关键创新。总的来说，这些进步为深刻改善HNCs患者的诊断、治疗并最终改善临床结果带来了巨大的希望。

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引用次数: 0