Cancer treatment and research communications最新文献_第5页

Routine brain MRI in suspected lung cancer: clinical justification and diagnostic yield 疑似肺癌的常规脑MRI：临床依据和诊断率。

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.101083

Camilla Hviid , Christian B Laursen , Pia Iben Pietersen , Anne Lerberg Nielsen , Lotte Holm Land , Anja Gouliaev , Arman Arshad , Uffe Bodtger , Amanda Dandanell Jull

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Brain metastases are common and associated with poor prognosis. While MRI is highly sensitive for detecting brain metastases, the clinical value of routinely adding up-front MRI to PET/CT during initial staging remains debated. This study focuses on suspected lung cancer patients, integrating workflow data (MRI waiting time, MDT availability) to evaluate up-front brain MRI and its impact on clinical decision-making.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 183 patients with suspected lung cancer referred for up-front brain MRI at Odense University Hospital between March-August 2021. All patients underwent pre-diagnostic PET/CT, and brain MRI was performed in cases with suspected stage II-IV disease (TNM 8th edition).

Results

Brain metastases were detected by MRI in 21/183 patients (11.5%), predominantly from primary lung cancer (n = 19, 90.4%). Among patients with confirmed lung cancer (n = 134), the prevalence was 14.2% (19/134), corresponding to a number needed to scan (NNS) of 7.1; across the full cohort, the NNS was 8.7. MRI led to upstaging to stage IV disease in 3/134 lung cancer patients (2.2%), resulting in a NNS of 44.7. PET/CT had a positive predictive value of 57.1% and a negative predictive value of 90.3%, indicating limited reliability detecting brain metastases.

Conclusion

Routine up-front brain MRI identified brain metastases in a small but clinically relevant subset of patients, primarily those with signs of dissemination on initial PET/CT. A risk-stratified approach targeting high-risk groups may reduce MRI use without compromising detection, improving staging efficiency and resource allocation.

背景：肺癌是世界范围内癌症相关死亡的主要原因。脑转移瘤很常见，且预后较差。虽然MRI对检测脑转移非常敏感，但在初始阶段常规增加PET/CT的临床价值仍存在争议。本研究以疑似肺癌患者为研究对象，整合工作流程数据（MRI等待时间、MDT可用性）评估脑MRI预检及其对临床决策的影响。方法：这项回顾性队列研究纳入了2021年3月至8月期间在欧登塞大学医院接受预先脑MRI检查的183例疑似肺癌患者。所有患者均行诊断前PET/CT检查，疑似II-IV期患者行脑MRI检查（TNM第8版）。结果：MRI检查发现脑转移21/183例（11.5%），主要来自原发性肺癌（n = 19, 90.4%）。在确诊肺癌患者（n = 134）中，患病率为14.2%(19/134)，对应于需要扫描的数字（NNS）为7.1；在整个队列中，NNS为8.7。3/134例肺癌患者（2.2%）MRI导致疾病提前至IV期，NNS为44.7。PET/CT阳性预测值为57.1%，阴性预测值为90.3%，提示检测脑转移的可靠性有限。结论：常规脑MRI在一小部分但临床相关的患者中发现了脑转移，主要是那些在初始PET/CT上有播散迹象的患者。针对高危人群的风险分层方法可以在不影响检测的情况下减少MRI的使用，提高分期效率和资源分配。

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引用次数: 0

Somatic gene mutations and their association with treatment outcomes among Indo-Asian Lung Cancer patients 印度-亚洲肺癌患者的体细胞基因突变及其与治疗结果的关系

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.101039

Safeena Kulsum , Anuja Pradhan , Pragnya Coca , Shaesta Naseem Zaidi , Nisheena Raghavan , Pradeep Narayan

Background

Insight on genetic mutation has essentially helped clinicians in determining treatment outcomes in lung cancer (LC) due to precision and personalized approach. This study evaluates the mutation trends, treatment responses, prognosis and overall survival (OS) 6 months to 2-years of Indo-Asian LC patients at our tertiary care centre.

Methodology

A retrospective study was conducted on LC patients diagnosed between May 2023 and December 2024 at Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center. Data were collected on patient demographics, genetic mutation profiles (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, P53, KRAS), treatment modalities, and treatment outcomes. Survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

Among 132 patients who underwent molecular testing, the most frequent alterations were EGFR (23.2 %), P53 (17.7 %), KRAS (8.4 %), ALK (5.4 %), and ROS1 (4.4 %). Most patients (86.7 %) presented with advanced disease. Targeted therapies were received by 45 patients; gefitinib was the most common agent. Median overall survival was 16 months in NSCLC, compared to 8-months in SCLC. EGFR mutations trended toward improved prognosis, whereas KRAS mutations were associated with poorer responses.

Conclusion

This retrospective study highlights the molecular heterogeneity among lung cancer patients with EGFR and P53 being most frequent. While targeted therapies improved outcomes in mutation-positive patients, KRAS mutations correlated with resistance. Broader access to molecular testing and targeted treatments is essential for optimizing care in resource-limited settings.

背景：由于精确和个性化的方法，对基因突变的了解基本上帮助临床医生确定肺癌（LC）的治疗结果。本研究评估了我们三级护理中心的印亚裔LC患者的突变趋势、治疗反应、预后和6个月至2年的总生存期（OS）。方法：对2023年5月至2024年12月在Mazumdar Shaw医疗中心诊断的LC患者进行回顾性研究。收集了患者人口统计学、基因突变谱（EGFR、ALK、ROS1、P53、KRAS）、治疗方式和治疗结果的数据。使用Kaplan-Meier分析估计生存率。结果：在132例接受分子检测的患者中，最常见的改变是EGFR（23.2%）、P53（17.7%）、KRAS（8.4%）、ALK（5.4%）和ROS1（4.4%）。大多数患者（86.7%）表现为疾病晚期。45例患者接受靶向治疗；吉非替尼是最常见的药物。NSCLC的中位总生存期为16个月，而SCLC的中位总生存期为8个月。EGFR突变倾向于改善预后，而KRAS突变与较差的预后相关。结论：本回顾性研究强调肺癌患者的分子异质性以EGFR和P53最为常见。虽然靶向治疗改善了突变阳性患者的预后，但KRAS突变与耐药性相关。在资源有限的环境中，更广泛地获得分子检测和靶向治疗对于优化护理至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Tumor-microbe transkingdom interactions in cancers at body interfaces: mechanisms of neutrophil lifespan extension and functional reprogramming with therapeutic implications 肿瘤-微生物在机体界面的跨界相互作用：中性粒细胞寿命延长和功能重编程的治疗意义机制

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.101065

Islam Mohamed, Stefan Lohse

Neutrophils are central first responders in immune defense. They exhibit a remarkable phenotypic and functional plasticity with time- and context-specific properties and activities. Their short lifespan is tightly controlled, with neutrophils surviving hours in circulation before undergoing apoptosis and clearance. Tissue immigration and exposure to the local cytokine microenvironment can significantly expand the lifetime of neutrophils to several days. Various pathological conditions, such as microbial infections, cancers, and other diseases, can modulate the neutrophil lifespan. This can lead to an accumulation of aged neutrophils with specialized phenotypes and modes of action. In this regard, the host-microbe interaction in cancers at body interfaces generates a transkingdom effect on neutrophil lifetime affecting patient survival and treatment susceptibility. Here, we introduce critical modulators of neutrophil survival, including microbe-associated and cancer-related cues, highlighted as hallmarks of neutrophil survival. In this review, we discuss resulting perspectives on the immunotherapeutic potential of neutrophils and the application of engineered IgA antibodies. Integrating these insights into future research efforts could lead to innovative strategies. Targeted programming of neutrophil function will help to increase the efficacy of immunotherapies and improve outcomes in cancer and other neutrophil-associated diseases.

中性粒细胞是免疫防御的第一反应者。它们表现出显著的表型和功能可塑性，具有时间和环境特异性的特性和活动。它们短暂的寿命受到严格控制，中性粒细胞在循环中存活数小时，然后进行凋亡和清除。组织迁移和暴露于局部细胞因子微环境可显著延长中性粒细胞的寿命至数天。各种病理条件，如微生物感染、癌症和其他疾病，可以调节中性粒细胞的寿命。这可能导致具有特殊表型和作用模式的老年中性粒细胞的积累。在这方面，癌症中宿主-微生物在身体界面的相互作用对中性粒细胞寿命产生跨王国效应，影响患者的生存和治疗易感性。在这里，我们介绍了中性粒细胞生存的关键调节因子，包括微生物相关和癌症相关的线索，强调了中性粒细胞生存的标志。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了中性粒细胞的免疫治疗潜力和工程IgA抗体的应用。将这些见解整合到未来的研究工作中可能会产生创新的策略。中性粒细胞功能的靶向编程将有助于提高免疫疗法的疗效，改善癌症和其他中性粒细胞相关疾病的预后。

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引用次数: 0

Precision oncology in Bulgaria: a prospective study of metastatic colorectal cancer patients 保加利亚精确肿瘤学：转移性结直肠癌患者的前瞻性研究

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101128

George Dimitrov , Zornitsa Kamburova , Krassimir Petrov , Dobromir Dimitrov , Savelina Popovska

Background

Geographic disparities in access to molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies affect the implementation of precision oncology in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), particularly in Eastern Europe. This prospective study aimed to characterize the molecular landscape of advanced CRC in Bulgarian patients and evaluate associations between genomic alterations, mismatch repair (MMR) status, and stromal immune features.

Methods

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 198 Bulgarian patients with advanced CRC were analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing (TruSight Tumor 15, Illumina®). MMR status was assessed via immunohistochemistry using the VENTANA MMR RxDx Panel. Stromal immune reactions were histologically graded and evaluated for associations with MMR status. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests and logistic regression.

Results

The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (60.6%), KRAS (37.3%), and BRAF^V600E (21.2%). Other alterations included PIK3CA (11.1%), NRAS (4.0%), and AKT1 (2.0%). No mutations were detected in EGFR, ERBB2, NTRK, or RET. Deficient MMR was observed in ∼9% of cases. Stromal reactions were significantly associated with MMR status (χ²(2) = 8.43, p = 0.015), with fibroblast-rich stroma more commonly seen in proficient MMR tumors. Logistic regression supported the results.

Conclusions

This study provides a regional molecular profile of advanced CRC in Bulgaria, highlighting a high prevalence of KRAS mutations and dMMR status, while underrepresentation of rare targetable alterations, likely due to limited use of broad molecular profiling. The association between stromal features and MMR status supports their potential role as surrogate markers in settings with constrained testing resources. Findings underscore the urgent need for equitable access to molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies to close the survival gap between Eastern and Western Europe.

获得分子诊断和靶向治疗的地理差异影响了转移性结直肠癌（mCRC）精确肿瘤学的实施，特别是在东欧。这项前瞻性研究旨在描述保加利亚晚期结直肠癌患者的分子特征，并评估基因组改变、错配修复（MMR）状态和基质免疫特征之间的关系。方法采用靶向新一代测序（TruSight tumor 15, Illumina®）对198例保加利亚晚期结直肠癌患者的福尔马林固定石蜡包埋肿瘤样本进行分析。使用VENTANA MMR RxDx面板通过免疫组织化学评估MMR状态。对基质免疫反应进行组织学分级，并评估其与MMR状态的关系。统计分析包括卡方检验和逻辑回归。结果TP53（60.6%）、KRAS（37.3%）和BRAFV600E（21.2%）是最常见的突变基因。其他变异包括PIK3CA（11.1%）、NRAS（4.0%）和AKT1（2.0%）。在EGFR、ERBB2、NTRK或RET中未检测到突变。约9%的病例中观察到MMR缺陷。基质反应与MMR状态显著相关（χ²(2)= 8.43,p = 0.015），富成纤维细胞基质更常见于熟练MMR肿瘤。逻辑回归支持结果。本研究提供了保加利亚晚期结直肠癌的区域分子图谱，突出了KRAS突变和dMMR状态的高患病率，而罕见的靶向改变的代表性不足，可能是由于广泛的分子图谱使用有限。基质特征和MMR状态之间的关联支持了它们在检测资源受限的情况下作为替代标记物的潜在作用。研究结果强调迫切需要公平获得分子诊断和靶向治疗，以缩小东欧和西欧之间的生存差距。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101093

Ian Osoro , Shribhavana Jawahar , Akila Murugan , Haritha Muthukumaran , Seetharaman Shanmuganathan , M G Rajanandh

Background and aim

Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in cancer treatment due to several reasons, including high doses of drugs and multiple medications. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of DRPs and to evaluate the types, causes and risk factors of DRPs in pediatric, adult and geriatric cancer patients.

Methods

Studies investigating DRPs in paediatric, adult, and geriatric cancer patients were searched in electronic bibliographical databases. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022352133). The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to perform quality assessments of the extracted data.

Results

A total of 4211 unique titles were identified; with 35 meeting the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of DRPs in paediatric, adult, and geriatric cancer patients were reported between 2.6% - 88%. Variations in age group, cancer types and different DDI screening tools are key factors in the heterogeneity observed. The most common DRPs included drug-drug interactions (DDI) (4–96%), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (13 – 87.3%), the need for additional drug therapy (50%), and potentially inappropriate medications (50%). Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide, Tramadol and proton pump inhibitors were common drugs and drug classes causing DRPs. The most common factors associated with DRPs were the presence of comorbidity, age, polypharmacy, and poor renal function.

Conclusion

Among the various DRPs, DDIs and ADRs were the most common with cancer treatment in paediatric, adult, and geriatric patients. Healthcare providers should carefully monitor patients receiving cancer treatment and manage DRPs as they arise for better patient care.

背景与目的：药物相关问题（DRPs）在癌症治疗中很常见，原因包括高剂量药物和多种药物治疗。本研究旨在评估儿童、成人和老年癌症患者中DRPs的患病率，并评估DRPs的类型、原因和危险因素。方法：在电子文献数据库中检索有关儿童、成人和老年癌症患者DRPs的研究。该协议已在PROSPERO注册（CRD42022352133）。乔安娜布里格斯研究所（JBI）工具被用来对提取的数据进行质量评估。结果：共鉴定出4211个独特题名；符合入选标准的有35个。据报道，DRPs在儿童、成人和老年癌症患者中的患病率在2.6% - 88%之间。年龄组、癌症类型和不同DDI筛查工具的差异是观察到异质性的关键因素。最常见的drp包括药物-药物相互作用（DDI）（4-96%）、药物不良反应（adr）（13 - 87.3%）、需要额外药物治疗（50%）和可能不适当的药物治疗（50%）。阿霉素、环磷酰胺、曲马多和质子泵抑制剂是引起DRPs的常见药物和药物类别。与DRPs相关的最常见因素是合并症、年龄、多种药物和肾功能不佳。结论：在各种drp中，ddi和adr在儿童、成人和老年患者的癌症治疗中最为常见。医疗保健提供者应仔细监测接受癌症治疗的患者，并在出现drp时对其进行管理，以便更好地治疗患者。

{"title":"Drug-related problems in pediatric, adult and geriatric cancer patients: A systematic review","authors":"Ian Osoro , Shribhavana Jawahar , Akila Murugan , Haritha Muthukumaran , Seetharaman Shanmuganathan , M G Rajanandh","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common in cancer treatment due to several reasons, including high doses of drugs and multiple medications. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of DRPs and to evaluate the types, causes and risk factors of DRPs in pediatric, adult and geriatric cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Studies investigating DRPs in paediatric, adult, and geriatric cancer patients were searched in electronic bibliographical databases. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022352133). The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to perform quality assessments of the extracted data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 4211 unique titles were identified; with 35 meeting the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of DRPs in paediatric, adult, and geriatric cancer patients were reported between 2.6% - 88%. Variations in age group, cancer types and different DDI screening tools are key factors in the heterogeneity observed. The most common DRPs included drug-drug interactions (DDI) (4–96%), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (13 – 87.3%), the need for additional drug therapy (50%), and potentially inappropriate medications (50%). Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide, Tramadol and proton pump inhibitors were common drugs and drug classes causing DRPs. The most common factors associated with DRPs were the presence of comorbidity, age, polypharmacy, and poor renal function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among the various DRPs, DDIs and ADRs were the most common with cancer treatment in paediatric, adult, and geriatric patients. Healthcare providers should carefully monitor patients receiving cancer treatment and manage DRPs as they arise for better patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145910596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RAS-variant allele frequency as a potential prognostic marker of overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer ras变异等位基因频率作为转移性结直肠癌患者总生存期的潜在预后标志物

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101103

Udit Nindra , Jun Hee Hong , Martin Hong , Stephanie Hui-Su Lim , Ray Asghari , Mahtab Farzin , Tristan Rutland , Lorraine Chantrill , Daniel Brungs , Mark Wong , Adnan Nagrial , Tara Roberts , Therese Becker , Weng Ng , Wei Chua

Background

Presence of RAS mutations in mCRC are negatively correlated with OS. NGS enables detailed information regarding the heterogeneity of RAS mutations including specific amino acid changes as well as variant allele frequency (VAF). Recently, VAF has been postulated to have a role in identifying resistance to treatments in multiple solid tumours but its role as a prognostic marker of OS in mCRC is not established.

Methods

This was a multicentre, retrospective cohort study investigating all patients with NGS confirmed RAS-mutated mCRC between 2021 and 2023. NGS results for VAF were collected and correlated with clinicopathological outcomes. A VAF of > 20 % was considered “high” whilst ≤ 20 % was considered “low.”

Results

351 patients were screened for presence of NGS-confirmed RAS-mutated mCRC. 124 patents were identified with RAS-mutated mCRC of which 95 patients had reported VAF and thus were included in the final cohort. 62 (65 %) had high VAF on NGS. The median age was 56 (36 – 89) with 61 % (n = 58) being male. All patients had histologically confirmed moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and none had evidence of mismatch repair deficiency. The two most common RAS-mutation subtypes were G12D (n = 29, 31 %) and G13D (n = 21, 22 %). 29 patients also had concurrent TP53 mutations whilst another 19 had concurrent PIK3CA mutations. Median OS in the entire cohort was 20.8 months. High VAF was associated with poorer survival compared with low VAF (16.9 versus 23.0 months, HR 2.2 (95 % CI 1.2 – 3.9), p < 0.01).

Conclusion

This is the first real world evidence of the potential prognostic significance of VAF in mCRC. Patients with low RAS VAF had better survival compared with high VAF counterparts. Presence of low RAS VAF in tumour samples may suggest that patients progress in a manner resembling RAS wild-type tumours.

mCRC中RAS突变的存在与OS呈负相关。NGS能够提供关于RAS突变异质性的详细信息，包括特定氨基酸变化以及变异等位基因频率（VAF）。最近，VAF被认为在识别多种实体肿瘤的治疗耐药性中起作用，但其作为mCRC中OS的预后标志物的作用尚未确定。方法：这是一项多中心、回顾性队列研究，调查了2021年至2023年间所有NGS确认的ras突变mCRC患者。收集VAF的NGS结果并与临床病理结果相关联。20%的VAF被认为是“高”，而≤20%被认为是“低”。结果351例患者被ngs证实存在ras突变的mCRC。124名患者被鉴定为ras突变的mCRC，其中95名患者报告有VAF，因此被纳入最终队列。62例（65%）NGS患者有高VAF。中位年龄为56岁（36 ~ 89岁），其中61% （n = 58）为男性。所有患者组织学证实为中度或低分化腺癌，无错配修复缺陷的证据。两种最常见的ras突变亚型是G12D （n = 29, 31%）和G13D （n = 21, 22%）。29名患者同时有TP53突变，另外19名患者同时有PIK3CA突变。整个队列的中位生存期为20.8个月。与低VAF相比，高VAF与较差的生存相关（16.9个月对23.0个月，HR 2.2 (95% CI 1.2 - 3.9), p < 0.01）。结论：这是第一个关于VAF在mCRC中潜在预后意义的真实证据。低RAS VAF患者比高VAF患者有更好的生存。肿瘤样本中低RAS VAF的存在可能表明患者的进展方式类似于RAS野生型肿瘤。

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引用次数: 0

LRRC15 in tumorigenesis, progression, and therapy LRRC15在肿瘤发生、进展和治疗中的作用

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101110

Jiaxue Zhu , Jianru Xiao

Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 15 (LRRC15), a transmembrane protein, has been closely associated with malignant phenotypes, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion in various solid tumors since its initial identification as a tumor-associated antigen in 2003. This review systematically summarizes the molecular characteristics of LRRC15, its regulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. By integrating recent advancements in genomics, proteomics, single-cell sequencing, and clinical translational research, this article comprehensively elucidates the multifaceted mechanisms of LRRC15 in tumor initiation, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. It also discusses current research limitations and future directions, aiming to provide multidimensional theoretical and practical insights for precision oncology.

Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 15 （LRRC15）是一种跨膜蛋白，自2003年首次被发现为肿瘤相关抗原以来，一直与多种实体肿瘤的恶性表型、治疗耐药性和免疫逃避密切相关。本文就LRRC15的分子特征、在肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment， TME）中的调控功能及其作为诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力进行了系统综述。本文结合基因组学、蛋白质组学、单细胞测序和临床转化研究的最新进展，全面阐述了LRRC15在肿瘤起始、转移、免疫调节和治疗耐药等方面的多层面机制。讨论了目前研究的局限性和未来的发展方向，旨在为精准肿瘤学提供多维的理论和实践见解。

引用次数: 0

CAR T- cell therapy: A promising novel approach for treatment of cancer CAR - T细胞疗法：一种很有前途的治疗癌症的新方法

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2026.101125

Mahesh Kumar Posa , Jyoti Singh , Sadia Parveen , Subhranshu Panda

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapy is a promising cancer treatment that has shown success in treating certain type of cancer. It has demonstrated remarkable efficacy, particularly in hematologic malignancies such as certain types of leukemia and lymphomas, offering hope for patients with limited options. In this review the authors highlighted the importance of CAR-T cell therapy in oncology, history, recent innovations in CAR-T cell engineering and development, mechanism of action, toxic effects, clinical trials and ongoing research on CAR-T cell therapy. Barriers to effective CAR-T cell therapy includes antigen escape, tumor heterogeneity, microenvironment of the tumor, On target, Off tumor toxicity, modest anti-tumor activity and limited tumor infiltration. In this review we discussed global regulations of CAR-T cell therapies, challenges of harmonized regulations, FDA approved CAR-T cell therapies, clinical applications, clinical trials and research and future prospects of CAR-T cell therapy.

嵌合抗原受体t细胞（CAR-T细胞）疗法是一种很有前途的癌症治疗方法，在治疗某些类型的癌症方面取得了成功。它已经证明了显著的疗效，特别是对血液恶性肿瘤，如某些类型的白血病和淋巴瘤，为选择有限的患者带来了希望。本文综述了CAR-T细胞治疗在肿瘤学中的重要性、历史、CAR-T细胞工程和发展的最新创新、作用机制、毒性作用、临床试验和正在进行的CAR-T细胞治疗研究。CAR-T细胞有效治疗的障碍包括抗原逃逸、肿瘤异质性、肿瘤微环境、On target、Off tumor toxicity、适度的抗肿瘤活性和有限的肿瘤浸润。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了CAR-T细胞疗法的全球法规，协调法规的挑战，FDA批准的CAR-T细胞疗法，临床应用，临床试验和研究以及CAR-T细胞疗法的未来前景。

引用次数: 0

LINC01913 and LINC01389 as the novel diagnostic tumor markers for the early-stage renal cell carcinoma. LINC01913和LINC01389作为早期肾细胞癌新的诊断肿瘤标志物。

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.101090

Amirhosein Maharati, Fatemeh Taghavinia, Alireza Golshan, Tina Azimi Kordiani, Meysam Moghbeli

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ranks as the second most common urological cancer globally. Despite recent progresses, there is a low survival rate for metastatic RCC that is the consequence of advanced stage diagnosis in these patients. Therefore, it is required to find the novel markers for the early tumor detection in RCC patients. Recent researches highlight the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in RCC progression. For the first time, we also assessed the levels of LINC01389 and LINC01913 expressions in RCC patients to suggest them as the probable tumor markers.

Methods: Fresh tumor tissues and their corresponding normal margins were obtained from 50 RCC patients. The expression levels of LINC01389 and LINC01913 were assessed in tumor tissues compared with normal margins by Real-time PCR method to find the probable correlations with clinicopathological characteristics of RCC patients.

Results: There was significant up regulation of LINC01389 in female patients with stage I/II compared to the stage III/IV patients (P = 0.035). There was also significant up regulation of LINC01389 in patients with partial nephrectomy compared with total nephrectomy (P = 0.018). Additionally, there was significant inverse correlation between LINC01389 expression and tumor size in patients older than 60 years (P = 0.022). Male patients showed significant LINC01913 up regulation (P = 0.049). There was significant LINC01913 down regulation in advanced-stage tumors in RCC cases without lymph node involvement (P = 0.049).

Conclusions: Higher LINC01913 and LINC01389 expressions in early-stage tumors suggested their potential as the early tumor markers in RCC patients. There were also inverse correlations between the LINC01389 expression levels and age and size, indicating its potential application in screening of young populations for RCC tumors.

背景：肾细胞癌（RCC）是全球第二大常见泌尿系统癌症。尽管最近取得了进展，但转移性肾细胞癌的生存率很低，这是这些患者晚期诊断的结果。因此，需要寻找新的标志物，用于RCC患者的早期肿瘤检测。最近的研究强调了长链非编码rna （lncRNAs）在RCC进展中的重要性。我们还首次评估了LINC01389和LINC01913在RCC患者中的表达水平，提示它们可能是肿瘤标志物。方法：取材于50例RCC患者的新鲜肿瘤组织及其相应的正常边缘。采用Real-time PCR法检测肿瘤组织中LINC01389和LINC01913与正常边缘的表达水平，寻找其与RCC患者临床病理特征的可能相关性。结果：与III/IV期患者相比，女性I/II期患者的LINC01389表达明显上调（P = 0.035）。与全肾切除术患者相比，部分肾切除术患者的LINC01389表达水平也显著升高（P = 0.018）。此外，60岁以上患者中LINC01389表达与肿瘤大小呈显著负相关（P = 0.022）。男性患者LINC01913明显上调（P = 0.049）。未累及淋巴结的晚期RCC患者中，LINC01913表达明显下调（P = 0.049）。结论：LINC01913和LINC01389在早期肿瘤中表达较高，提示其有潜力作为RCC患者的早期肿瘤标志物。此外，LINC01389表达水平与年龄和体型呈负相关，表明其在筛查年轻人群RCC肿瘤中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Hematologic malignancies and an overview of emerging therapies for hematologic malignancies: a systematic review 恶性血液病和恶性血液病新疗法的概述：系统回顾

IF 2.4 Q3 Medicine

Cancer treatment and research communications

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.101074

Kazem Ghaffari , Amin Moradi Hasan-Abad , Masoud Etedali , Shaban Alizadeh , Ali Ghasemi

Hematologic malignancies remain a major therapeutic challenge due to disease heterogeneity, treatment resistance, and significant toxicity associated with conventional therapies. In recent years, rapid advances in molecular oncology and immunotherapy have led to the development of multiple emerging therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes evidence on novel approaches, including targeted therapies such as BTK inhibitors (e.g., ibrutinib), BCL-2 inhibitors (e.g., venetoclax), FLT3 and JAK inhibitors, and next-generation monoclonal and bispecific antibodies that enhance immune-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, gene- and cell-based modalities—including CAR T-cell therapy and CRISPR-mediated gene correction—have demonstrated promising efficacy, particularly in relapsed or refractory leukemia and lymphoma. Despite these advances, significant limitations remain, including treatment-related toxicities, mechanisms of resistance, high relapse rates after CAR-T therapy, and substantial financial and accessibility barriers. Gaps in predictive biomarkers, optimal sequencing of therapies, and long-term safety also limit widespread implementation. Precision medicine approaches, driven by molecular diagnostics and genomic profiling, continue to refine individualized treatment strategies and hold potential to overcome current challenges. Overall, this review provides an updated and comprehensive evaluation of emerging therapeutic modalities in hematologic malignancies and outlines key areas where further research is critically needed.

由于疾病异质性、治疗耐药性和与常规治疗相关的显著毒性，血液恶性肿瘤仍然是一个主要的治疗挑战。近年来，分子肿瘤学和免疫治疗的快速发展导致了多种新兴治疗策略的发展。本综述综合了新方法的证据，包括靶向治疗，如BTK抑制剂（如伊鲁替尼），BCL-2抑制剂（如venetoclax）， FLT3和JAK抑制剂，以及增强免疫介导的细胞毒性的下一代单克隆和双特异性抗体。此外，基于基因和细胞的治疗方式——包括CAR - t细胞治疗和crispr介导的基因校正——已经证明了有希望的疗效，特别是在复发或难治性白血病和淋巴瘤中。尽管取得了这些进展，但仍存在显著的局限性，包括治疗相关的毒性、耐药机制、CAR-T治疗后的高复发率，以及大量的经济和可及性障碍。在预测性生物标志物、最佳治疗序列和长期安全性方面的差距也限制了广泛实施。在分子诊断和基因组分析的推动下，精准医学方法继续完善个体化治疗策略，并具有克服当前挑战的潜力。总的来说，这篇综述提供了最新的和全面的评价新出现的治疗方式在血液系统恶性肿瘤和概述关键领域，其中需要进一步的研究是至关重要的。

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