M. Arbeider, Violaine Pemberton-Renaud, E. Hodgson, Jonathan W. Moore
The value of estuaries as nursery habitat for juvenile anadromous salmon is likely variable across estuaries and species. Here, we compiled published empirical data on juvenile salmon estuarine growth and residency. We aimed to quantify the range and variability of these aspects for five species of Pacific salmon across estuaries, methodologies, and life histories. The majority of studies focused on Chinook and coho salmon, and largely from their southern range. While there is some evidence of higher growth in wild-origin fish relative to hatchery-origin fish, the wide range of metrics employed made identification of trends among life histories challenging, and unification of reporting could strengthen future research. Different salmon life histories exhibited different residencies, with natural-origin subyearling coho exhibiting the longest mean residency (~3 months) and 1+ sockeye salmon exhibiting the shortest (3.7 days). Across life histories, hatchery fish exhibited much shorter estuary residencies than wild fish. Collectively, our review highlights key patterns in salmon estuary ecology, knowledge gaps, and lays the foundation for future studies to quantify the importance of estuaries for specific salmon.
{"title":"The estuarine growth and residency of juvenile Pacific salmon in North America: a compilation of empirical data","authors":"M. Arbeider, Violaine Pemberton-Renaud, E. Hodgson, Jonathan W. Moore","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0225","url":null,"abstract":"The value of estuaries as nursery habitat for juvenile anadromous salmon is likely variable across estuaries and species. Here, we compiled published empirical data on juvenile salmon estuarine growth and residency. We aimed to quantify the range and variability of these aspects for five species of Pacific salmon across estuaries, methodologies, and life histories. The majority of studies focused on Chinook and coho salmon, and largely from their southern range. While there is some evidence of higher growth in wild-origin fish relative to hatchery-origin fish, the wide range of metrics employed made identification of trends among life histories challenging, and unification of reporting could strengthen future research. Different salmon life histories exhibited different residencies, with natural-origin subyearling coho exhibiting the longest mean residency (~3 months) and 1+ sockeye salmon exhibiting the shortest (3.7 days). Across life histories, hatchery fish exhibited much shorter estuary residencies than wild fish. Collectively, our review highlights key patterns in salmon estuary ecology, knowledge gaps, and lays the foundation for future studies to quantify the importance of estuaries for specific salmon.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139206803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. N. McElroy, Caitlin A. Stern, Thomas P. Quinn, Ray Hilborn
Ecological models are used to understand where fishing vessels operate, improving fisheries management success. The Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) predicts equalization of catch across locations in response to distributions of fish and competing vessels. We applied the IFD as a null model to investigate the movement and catch per vessel (CPUE) of the sockeye salmon drift gillnet fleet in Bristol Bay, AK, from 1980-2019. The IFD prediction of equal CPUE across areas was not supported, so we explored violations of two assumptions of the theory. We categorized each vessel according to its mobility, highlighting the “free to move” assumption, and found when we removed nonmobile vessels, some districts had fewer vessels than predicted from their high CPUE. We examined the “equal competitive ability” assumption by calculating the average CPUE, relative to success of other vessels. The underutilization of profitable districts persisted. Overall, the fleet underused high CPUE areas when considering differences in mobility and relative fishing success, indicating unmeasured safety concerns, travel costs, knowledge of fishing grounds, or other factors could be preventing an IFD.
{"title":"Applying the Ideal Free Distribution to the movement of a highly mobile gillnet fishery for Pacific salmon","authors":"K. N. McElroy, Caitlin A. Stern, Thomas P. Quinn, Ray Hilborn","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0134","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological models are used to understand where fishing vessels operate, improving fisheries management success. The Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) predicts equalization of catch across locations in response to distributions of fish and competing vessels. We applied the IFD as a null model to investigate the movement and catch per vessel (CPUE) of the sockeye salmon drift gillnet fleet in Bristol Bay, AK, from 1980-2019. The IFD prediction of equal CPUE across areas was not supported, so we explored violations of two assumptions of the theory. We categorized each vessel according to its mobility, highlighting the “free to move” assumption, and found when we removed nonmobile vessels, some districts had fewer vessels than predicted from their high CPUE. We examined the “equal competitive ability” assumption by calculating the average CPUE, relative to success of other vessels. The underutilization of profitable districts persisted. Overall, the fleet underused high CPUE areas when considering differences in mobility and relative fishing success, indicating unmeasured safety concerns, travel costs, knowledge of fishing grounds, or other factors could be preventing an IFD.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139216782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert P. Wildermuth, Desiree Tommasi, Peter Kuriyama, James Smith, Isaac Kaplan
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Ahead of Print. Climate-driven changes in ocean temperatures, currents, or plankton dynamics may disrupt pelagic forage fish recruitment. Being responsive to such impacts enables fisheries management to ensure continued sustainable harvest of forage species. We conducted a management strategy evaluation to assess the robustness of current and alternative Pacific sardine harvest control rules under a variety of recruitment scenarios representing potential projections of future climate conditions in the California Current. The current environmentally informed control rule modifies the harvest rate for the northern sardine subpopulation based on average sea surface temperatures measured during California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations field cruises. This rule prioritizes catch at intermediate biomass levels but may increase variability in catch and closure frequency compared to alternative control rules, especially if recruitment is unrelated to ocean temperatures. Fishing at maximum sustainable yield and using dynamically estimated reference points reduced the frequency of biomass falling below 150 000 mt by up to 17%, while using survey index-based biomass estimates resulted in a 14% higher risk of delayed fishery closure during stock declines than when using assessment-based estimates.
{"title":"Evaluating robustness of harvest control rules to climate-driven variability in Pacific sardine recruitment","authors":"Robert P. Wildermuth, Desiree Tommasi, Peter Kuriyama, James Smith, Isaac Kaplan","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0169","url":null,"abstract":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Ahead of Print. <br/> Climate-driven changes in ocean temperatures, currents, or plankton dynamics may disrupt pelagic forage fish recruitment. Being responsive to such impacts enables fisheries management to ensure continued sustainable harvest of forage species. We conducted a management strategy evaluation to assess the robustness of current and alternative Pacific sardine harvest control rules under a variety of recruitment scenarios representing potential projections of future climate conditions in the California Current. The current environmentally informed control rule modifies the harvest rate for the northern sardine subpopulation based on average sea surface temperatures measured during California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations field cruises. This rule prioritizes catch at intermediate biomass levels but may increase variability in catch and closure frequency compared to alternative control rules, especially if recruitment is unrelated to ocean temperatures. Fishing at maximum sustainable yield and using dynamically estimated reference points reduced the frequency of biomass falling below 150 000 mt by up to 17%, while using survey index-based biomass estimates resulted in a 14% higher risk of delayed fishery closure during stock declines than when using assessment-based estimates.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tapio Sutela, Teppo Vehanen, Pekka Jounela, Jukka Aroviita, Topi K. Lehtonen
Understanding how key environmental factors affect fish communities is necessary for sound environmental management. Accordingly, we studied fish species–environment relationships in Finnish boreal rivers. A self-organizing map (SOM) analysis showed strong relationships between the occurrence of 18 fish species and 10 environmental variables (variance explained: 43.4%). In our logistic regression models run for each fish species, the predictive power varied from poor (AUC = 0.67–0.68) to excellent (AUC = 0.96), indicating that the responses were species-specific. The overall best predictors of the species occurrence were the local variables water depth and water temperature, and the regional variables stream size, altitude and annual mean temperature. Our results on fish assemblage types (clusters), identified by SOM, and co-occurrence of fish species, discovered by a hierarchical cluster analysis, reveal insights into the structure of the river fish assemblages. Moreover, our results suggest that the stream size contributes to thermal ranges in which each species is able to occur, which has relevance to predicting the impacts of climate change on riverine fish.
{"title":"Species–environment relationships, clusters, and thermal ranges of fish species inhabiting boreal rivers","authors":"Tapio Sutela, Teppo Vehanen, Pekka Jounela, Jukka Aroviita, Topi K. Lehtonen","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how key environmental factors affect fish communities is necessary for sound environmental management. Accordingly, we studied fish species–environment relationships in Finnish boreal rivers. A self-organizing map (SOM) analysis showed strong relationships between the occurrence of 18 fish species and 10 environmental variables (variance explained: 43.4%). In our logistic regression models run for each fish species, the predictive power varied from poor (AUC = 0.67–0.68) to excellent (AUC = 0.96), indicating that the responses were species-specific. The overall best predictors of the species occurrence were the local variables water depth and water temperature, and the regional variables stream size, altitude and annual mean temperature. Our results on fish assemblage types (clusters), identified by SOM, and co-occurrence of fish species, discovered by a hierarchical cluster analysis, reveal insights into the structure of the river fish assemblages. Moreover, our results suggest that the stream size contributes to thermal ranges in which each species is able to occur, which has relevance to predicting the impacts of climate change on riverine fish.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"3 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study identifies the current spatial and temporal patterns of threats to at-risk freshwater fishes within Canada. Data for 65 at-risk freshwater fishes were collated from the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada Assessment and Status reports with threat calculators. Using these data, the overall threat impact level and the threat impact of the 11 categories in the threat calculator were compared for all species and separately by conservation status, which indicates their risk of extinction. These threats were also compared temporally to a study completed in 2006 and spatially between National Freshwater Biogeographic Zones. The threats of invasive species and pollution had the highest impacts, accounting for 18.9% and 16.8% of the weighted impact on at-risk freshwater fishes, respectively. Since 2006, all threats have been increasing, except for natural disasters. The Great Lakes–Upper St. Lawrence River Biogeographic Zone had significantly more at-risk freshwater fishes and overall weighted threat impact than other zones, with pollution, invasive species, and natural system modification contributing the most to the imperilment in this region.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns in the threats to at-risk freshwater fish species in Canada","authors":"Veronica M.L. McKelvey, Nicholas E. Mandrak","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0170","url":null,"abstract":"This study identifies the current spatial and temporal patterns of threats to at-risk freshwater fishes within Canada. Data for 65 at-risk freshwater fishes were collated from the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada Assessment and Status reports with threat calculators. Using these data, the overall threat impact level and the threat impact of the 11 categories in the threat calculator were compared for all species and separately by conservation status, which indicates their risk of extinction. These threats were also compared temporally to a study completed in 2006 and spatially between National Freshwater Biogeographic Zones. The threats of invasive species and pollution had the highest impacts, accounting for 18.9% and 16.8% of the weighted impact on at-risk freshwater fishes, respectively. Since 2006, all threats have been increasing, except for natural disasters. The Great Lakes–Upper St. Lawrence River Biogeographic Zone had significantly more at-risk freshwater fishes and overall weighted threat impact than other zones, with pollution, invasive species, and natural system modification contributing the most to the imperilment in this region.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew A. Mensinger, James P. Hawkes, Graham S. Goulette, Alessio Mortelliti, Erik J. Blomberg, Joseph D. Zydlewski
Diadromous fish populations have incurred precipitous declines across the globe. Among many stressors, these species are threatened by anthropogenic barriers that impede movement, alter riverine habitat, and augment predator communities. In this study, we used acoustic transmitters ( n = 220) with predation and temperature sensors to characterize Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) smolt predation risk in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA. Across two seasons, we documented 79 predation events through a 170 km migratory pathway, which included three hydropower projects and a large estuary. We detected tagged smolts that were predated by fish ( n = 42), marine mammals ( n = 28), and birds ( n = 9). Using a multistate mark-recapture framework, we estimated that 46% of smolts were predated during downstream migration, which accounted for at least 55% of all mortality. Relative predation risk was greatest through impoundments and the lower estuary, where on average, predation rates were 4.8-fold and 9.0-fold greater than free-flowing reaches, respectively. These results suggest that predation pressure on Atlantic salmon smolts is exacerbated by hydropower projects and that predation in the lower estuary may be greater than expected.
{"title":"Dams facilitate predation during Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) smolt migration","authors":"Matthew A. Mensinger, James P. Hawkes, Graham S. Goulette, Alessio Mortelliti, Erik J. Blomberg, Joseph D. Zydlewski","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0175","url":null,"abstract":"Diadromous fish populations have incurred precipitous declines across the globe. Among many stressors, these species are threatened by anthropogenic barriers that impede movement, alter riverine habitat, and augment predator communities. In this study, we used acoustic transmitters ( n = 220) with predation and temperature sensors to characterize Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) smolt predation risk in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA. Across two seasons, we documented 79 predation events through a 170 km migratory pathway, which included three hydropower projects and a large estuary. We detected tagged smolts that were predated by fish ( n = 42), marine mammals ( n = 28), and birds ( n = 9). Using a multistate mark-recapture framework, we estimated that 46% of smolts were predated during downstream migration, which accounted for at least 55% of all mortality. Relative predation risk was greatest through impoundments and the lower estuary, where on average, predation rates were 4.8-fold and 9.0-fold greater than free-flowing reaches, respectively. These results suggest that predation pressure on Atlantic salmon smolts is exacerbated by hydropower projects and that predation in the lower estuary may be greater than expected.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"45 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha Schiano, Geneviève M. Nesslage, Katie Drew, Amy M. Schueller, Ryan J. Woodland, Michael J Wilberg
Ecosystem approaches to fisheries management are being explored worldwide, but few evaluations of multispecies harvest control rules (HCRs) exist. Our goal was to simulation test a suite of HCRs using an age-structured predator-prey model to represent the dynamics of a small pelagic fish, Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), and its predator, striped bass (Morone saxatilis). We evaluated a suite of static and dynamic single and multispecies HCRs to estimate effects on stock performance metrics. No single HCR achieved ecosystem management objectives for both stocks given their current reference points, but HCRs that involved the “40-10 rule” for striped bass performed well across all predator performance metrics. The most influential factor determining performance of striped bass HCRs was striped bass fishing mortality, and relatively few HCRs achieved target SSB for Atlantic menhaden. Our study indicated that some HCRs recommended for forage fish management may not be effective in systems with generalist predators, and that ecosystem management objectives might be achievable by simultaneously adopting HCRs for both predator and prey stocks that complement one another.
{"title":"Evaluation of Alternative Harvest Policies for Striped Bass and Their Prey, Atlantic Menhaden","authors":"Samantha Schiano, Geneviève M. Nesslage, Katie Drew, Amy M. Schueller, Ryan J. Woodland, Michael J Wilberg","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0089","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystem approaches to fisheries management are being explored worldwide, but few evaluations of multispecies harvest control rules (HCRs) exist. Our goal was to simulation test a suite of HCRs using an age-structured predator-prey model to represent the dynamics of a small pelagic fish, Atlantic menhaden (<i>Brevoortia tyrannus</i>), and its predator, striped bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>). We evaluated a suite of static and dynamic single and multispecies HCRs to estimate effects on stock performance metrics. No single HCR achieved ecosystem management objectives for both stocks given their current reference points, but HCRs that involved the “40-10 rule” for striped bass performed well across all predator performance metrics. The most influential factor determining performance of striped bass HCRs was striped bass fishing mortality, and relatively few HCRs achieved target SSB for Atlantic menhaden. Our study indicated that some HCRs recommended for forage fish management may not be effective in systems with generalist predators, and that ecosystem management objectives might be achievable by simultaneously adopting HCRs for both predator and prey stocks that complement one another.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"84 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Nephin, Patrick L. Thompson, Sean C. Anderson, Ashley E. Park, Christopher N. Rooper, Brendan Aulthouse, Joe Watson
Marine spatial planning and conservation initiatives benefit from an understanding of species distributions across larger geographic areas than are often sampled by any one survey. Here, we test whether the integration of disparate survey data can improve habitat predictions across a region not well sampled by a single survey using Dungeness crab ( Metacarcinus magister) from British Columbia as a case study. We assemble data from dive, trawl, and baited-trap surveys to generate six candidate generalized linear mixed-effect models with spatial random fields. To compare single-survey and integrated models, we evaluate predictive performance with spatially buffered leave-one-out cross-validation and independently with two novel approaches using fisheries catch data. We find improved predictive performance and reduced uncertainty when integrating data from surveys that suffer from small sample size, low detectability, or limited spatial coverage. We demonstrate the importance of robust model evaluation when integrating data and predicting to unsampled locations. In addition, we highlight the need for careful consideration of sampling biases and model assumptions when integrating data to reduce the risk of prediction errors.
{"title":"Integrating disparate survey data in species distribution models demonstrate the need for robust model evaluation","authors":"Jessica Nephin, Patrick L. Thompson, Sean C. Anderson, Ashley E. Park, Christopher N. Rooper, Brendan Aulthouse, Joe Watson","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2022-0279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0279","url":null,"abstract":"Marine spatial planning and conservation initiatives benefit from an understanding of species distributions across larger geographic areas than are often sampled by any one survey. Here, we test whether the integration of disparate survey data can improve habitat predictions across a region not well sampled by a single survey using Dungeness crab ( Metacarcinus magister) from British Columbia as a case study. We assemble data from dive, trawl, and baited-trap surveys to generate six candidate generalized linear mixed-effect models with spatial random fields. To compare single-survey and integrated models, we evaluate predictive performance with spatially buffered leave-one-out cross-validation and independently with two novel approaches using fisheries catch data. We find improved predictive performance and reduced uncertainty when integrating data from surveys that suffer from small sample size, low detectability, or limited spatial coverage. We demonstrate the importance of robust model evaluation when integrating data and predicting to unsampled locations. In addition, we highlight the need for careful consideration of sampling biases and model assumptions when integrating data to reduce the risk of prediction errors.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" 62","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalene Papatheodoulou, Neil B Metcalfe, Shaun S Killen
The principle of catch-and-release (C&R) angling is to conserve fish populations while allowing the socioeconomic benefits associated with recreational angling to continue, even at low stock abundances. We explored how angling-associated parental stress close to spawning could influence early development of the next generation. Wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, were captured on the river Blackwater, N. Scotland, during their spawning migration, and exposed to different disturbance protocols intended to simulate C&R angling. Experimental fish were mated with non-experimental fish and their offspring were monitored. Mortality was higher in offspring whose parents were air-exposed. Embryos from stressed parents had smaller yolk sacs compared to controls, and offspring from air-exposed parents were shorter at first feeding. Most effects were of similar magnitude regardless of the stressed parent’s sex and indicated that C&R angling of Atlantic salmon close to spawning could adversely influence the offspring development. These results suggest that consideration must be given to excluding spawning periods from fishing seasons, and highlight the importance of avoiding air exposure for captured fish, as indicated by best practice guidelines.
{"title":"Effects of Simulated Catch-and-Release Angling of Atlantic Salmon Shortly Before Spawning on the Viability and Development of their Offspring","authors":"Magdalene Papatheodoulou, Neil B Metcalfe, Shaun S Killen","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2022-0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0306","url":null,"abstract":"The principle of catch-and-release (C&R) angling is to conserve fish populations while allowing the socioeconomic benefits associated with recreational angling to continue, even at low stock abundances. We explored how angling-associated parental stress close to spawning could influence early development of the next generation. Wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, were captured on the river Blackwater, N. Scotland, during their spawning migration, and exposed to different disturbance protocols intended to simulate C&R angling. Experimental fish were mated with non-experimental fish and their offspring were monitored. Mortality was higher in offspring whose parents were air-exposed. Embryos from stressed parents had smaller yolk sacs compared to controls, and offspring from air-exposed parents were shorter at first feeding. Most effects were of similar magnitude regardless of the stressed parent’s sex and indicated that C&R angling of Atlantic salmon close to spawning could adversely influence the offspring development. These results suggest that consideration must be given to excluding spawning periods from fishing seasons, and highlight the importance of avoiding air exposure for captured fish, as indicated by best practice guidelines.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"73 S32","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivier Morissette, Cristina Charette, Matthew Windle, Abraham Francis, Annick Drouin, Jesica Goldsmit, Alison M. Derry
Introductions of exotic invasive species are a global disturbance for natural habitats. The severity of invasions can greatly vary from local to global scales, as observed in invasion refuges, exhibiting lower-than-expected invasion intensity. In this study, we analyzed the effects of water conductivity and wetland presence on the density of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in a large-scale study (> 1300 sites), spanning a 400 km stretch of the St. Lawrence River (Canada). Our results showed that round goby density was null in sites with water conductivity under 100 µS/cm and increased toward a probable biological optimum at 300 µS/cm. The presence of wetlands appeared to also decrease round goby density along the conductivity continuum. Similarly, fish community diversity was maximal outside of the round goby water conductivity optimum. Hence, low water conductivity (<100 µS/cm), in interaction with the presence of wetlands, can provide a refuge for native aquatic species, establishing a simple risk assessment tool for managers. Our results also highlighted the high value of wetland conservation for conservation of native species biodiversity.
{"title":"Environmental determinants of round goby invasion refuges at a river scale: implications for conservation of native biodiversity","authors":"Olivier Morissette, Cristina Charette, Matthew Windle, Abraham Francis, Annick Drouin, Jesica Goldsmit, Alison M. Derry","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2023-0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0171","url":null,"abstract":"Introductions of exotic invasive species are a global disturbance for natural habitats. The severity of invasions can greatly vary from local to global scales, as observed in invasion refuges, exhibiting lower-than-expected invasion intensity. In this study, we analyzed the effects of water conductivity and wetland presence on the density of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in a large-scale study (> 1300 sites), spanning a 400 km stretch of the St. Lawrence River (Canada). Our results showed that round goby density was null in sites with water conductivity under 100 µS/cm and increased toward a probable biological optimum at 300 µS/cm. The presence of wetlands appeared to also decrease round goby density along the conductivity continuum. Similarly, fish community diversity was maximal outside of the round goby water conductivity optimum. Hence, low water conductivity (<100 µS/cm), in interaction with the presence of wetlands, can provide a refuge for native aquatic species, establishing a simple risk assessment tool for managers. Our results also highlighted the high value of wetland conservation for conservation of native species biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":9515,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","volume":"194 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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