Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.357348
Şaziye Balku
The present study aims to determine the influence of temperature in the treatment efficiency of the activated sludge systems. To reach this aim, a simulation study is performed using Matlab ® programming language. A biological tank is modelled by the ASM3 (activated sludge model No. 3) and a settling tank is modelled by Takacs settling velocity model. For a defined inflow rate and inlet waste water characteristics with the predefined design and operational parameters, the treatment model is simulated. The changes in the kinetic parameters by temperature are estimated from the values given in ASM3 and the dissolved oxygen saturation concentration in water is also concerned as a function of temperature. All the other design and the operational conditions are kept constant during simulations. The simulation algorithm is executed for the temperatures 0 ° C, 10 ° C, 20 ° C, and 30 ° C. The results show that chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids reduce slightly with increasing temperature, however, the total nitrogen content in the effluent is changing, first increases for the temperatures 10 ° C, 20 ° C, and then decreases for 30 ° C when it is compared to that of at 0 ° C. The change in temperature affects mostly the ammonium concentration in the waste water treatment systems.
{"title":"Influence of Temperature on Activated Sludge Systems","authors":"Şaziye Balku","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.357348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.357348","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to determine the influence of temperature in the treatment efficiency of the activated sludge systems. To reach this aim, a simulation study is performed using Matlab ® programming language. A biological tank is modelled by the ASM3 (activated sludge model No. 3) and a settling tank is modelled by Takacs settling velocity model. For a defined inflow rate and inlet waste water characteristics with the predefined design and operational parameters, the treatment model is simulated. The changes in the kinetic parameters by temperature are estimated from the values given in ASM3 and the dissolved oxygen saturation concentration in water is also concerned as a function of temperature. All the other design and the operational conditions are kept constant during simulations. The simulation algorithm is executed for the temperatures 0 ° C, 10 ° C, 20 ° C, and 30 ° C. The results show that chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids reduce slightly with increasing temperature, however, the total nitrogen content in the effluent is changing, first increases for the temperatures 10 ° C, 20 ° C, and then decreases for 30 ° C when it is compared to that of at 0 ° C. The change in temperature affects mostly the ammonium concentration in the waste water treatment systems.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"22 1","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84946433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.372436
S. Ateş, Haşim Kafalı, Gökhan Kılıçoğlu
The economical balance of airline operators is fragile because of their presence in a highly competitive environment and high fixed and variable costs. The ability of airline companies to cope with high competition by providing economic equilibrium depends on operational efficiency. One of the major operational costs of airlines is fuel. Some of the reasons leading airlines to fuel economy are fuel prices and environmental factors. Airline operators have to control fuel consumption without falling outside the scope of operational procedures and safety rules. For this reason, airline operators are constantly looking for ways to reduce fuel costs, which is a key component of service delivery costs. At the beginning of this quest is to increase the effectiveness of the operational processes. In the first part of the study, the reasons leading airlines to fuel economy were examined. The second section, lists the ways in which airlines save fuel. In the last part, a fuel management model proposal was made using a unified model language to develop a computer software. At the end of the research, developed unified model will provide decision support for monitoring and managing fuel consumption and costs.
{"title":"Reducing Operational Fuel Costs of Airlines: A Model for Monitoring and Managing Fuel Consumption Using Unified Modeling Language","authors":"S. Ateş, Haşim Kafalı, Gökhan Kılıçoğlu","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.372436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.372436","url":null,"abstract":"The economical balance of airline operators is fragile because of their presence in a highly competitive environment and high fixed and variable costs. The ability of airline companies to cope with high competition by providing economic equilibrium depends on operational efficiency. One of the major operational costs of airlines is fuel. Some of the reasons leading airlines to fuel economy are fuel prices and environmental factors. Airline operators have to control fuel consumption without falling outside the scope of operational procedures and safety rules. For this reason, airline operators are constantly looking for ways to reduce fuel costs, which is a key component of service delivery costs. At the beginning of this quest is to increase the effectiveness of the operational processes. In the first part of the study, the reasons leading airlines to fuel economy were examined. The second section, lists the ways in which airlines save fuel. In the last part, a fuel management model proposal was made using a unified model language to develop a computer software. At the end of the research, developed unified model will provide decision support for monitoring and managing fuel consumption and costs.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"200 1","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86378351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.356774
B. Yılmaz, Ceyhun Özçelik
The water quality needs to be monitored at regular intervals, throughout representatively located gauging stations, for sustainable development of water resources. However, it is not possible to monitor all quality parameters all the time and points for a river basin studied, and water quality monitoring that does not address specific, clear and realistic objectives will cause time, labor and money losses. At this point, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) would provide a regional insight into principal pollutants, contaminants dominates others and effective monitoring locations. It will help to evaluate surface water quality in regional scale as well as monitoring network. This study aims to analyze regional water quality and monitoring network in the Gediz River Basin, by focusing on the variance structure of the observations on principal pollutants that observed throughout the river basin. The 11 quality parameters monitored in 13 monitoring stations on the Gediz River Basin were used in the analyses. PCA is applied i) to determine principal pollutants and contaminants dominate over others (parameter-based analysis), ii) to find out effective monitoring locations for principal pollutants (station based analysis). The results reveal the tributaries of the river with different quality characteristics, and the importance of an objective based monitoring for effective water quality management.
{"title":"Evaluation of Water Quality Monitoring Networks Using Principal Component Analysis: A case of Gediz River Basin","authors":"B. Yılmaz, Ceyhun Özçelik","doi":"10.18466/cbayarfbe.356774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.356774","url":null,"abstract":"The water quality needs to be monitored at regular intervals, throughout representatively located gauging stations, for sustainable development of water resources. However, it is not possible to monitor all quality parameters all the time and points for a river basin studied, and water quality monitoring that does not address specific, clear and realistic objectives will cause time, labor and money losses. At this point, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) would provide a regional insight into principal pollutants, contaminants dominates others and effective monitoring locations. It will help to evaluate surface water quality in regional scale as well as monitoring network. This study aims to analyze regional water quality and monitoring network in the Gediz River Basin, by focusing on the variance structure of the observations on principal pollutants that observed throughout the river basin. The 11 quality parameters monitored in 13 monitoring stations on the Gediz River Basin were used in the analyses. PCA is applied i) to determine principal pollutants and contaminants dominate over others (parameter-based analysis), ii) to find out effective monitoring locations for principal pollutants (station based analysis). The results reveal the tributaries of the river with different quality characteristics, and the importance of an objective based monitoring for effective water quality management.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"75 1","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86269291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.309272
Hesham Alrayess, Asli Ulke, Salem S. Gharbia
Reservoirs are designed to provide the balance between the flow brought by the river which is high variable in time and volume of water. The storage required on a river to meet a specific demand depends basically on three factors; the magnitude and the variability of the river, the size of the demand and the degree of reliability of this demand being met. Several procedures have been proposed to estimate storage requirements. Critical period methods are those in which required reservoir capacity is equated to the difference between the water released from an initially full reservoir and the inflows for periods of low flow. In the presented study reservoir capacity-yield-reliability relationships are investigated for a single reservoir named Sami Soydam Sandalcik Dam. For this purpose, six design techniques (Mass Curve, Residual Mass Curve, Moran Probability Matrix Method, Hardison's method and Minimum flow approach) are used in determining reservoir capacity, monthly and annual mean flow data observed for a period between 1962-2013, of EIE-811 Sucati Flow Gauging Station on Dalaman River in West Mediterranean Basin in Turkey are used as case study. For 0% probability of failure, the highest reservoir capacity resulted for methods Mass Curve, Residual Mass Curve and Minimum flow approach at the range between 814.22 to 852.74*10 6 m 3 for draft equal 60% and at the range between 2043.4 to 2145.74*10 6 m 3 for draft equal 80% by using the monthly data. On the other hand when high value of probability of failure (5% and 10%) are used for estimation, the reservoir capacity values were resulted at the range between 612.36 to 1154.74*10 6 m 3 for draft equal 60% and at the range between 1443.42 to 2165.13*10 6 m 3 for draft equal 80% for Hardison's method. By using Moran Probability Matrix method, the reservoir capacity resulted 1280*10 6 m 3 and the interval was divided to 140*10 6 m 3 for annual data 52 years.
{"title":"Comparison of Different Techniques about Reservoir Capacity Calculation at Sami Soydam Sandalcık Dam","authors":"Hesham Alrayess, Asli Ulke, Salem S. Gharbia","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.309272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.309272","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoirs are designed to provide the balance between the flow brought by the river which is high variable in time and volume of water. The storage required on a river to meet a specific demand depends basically on three factors; the magnitude and the variability of the river, the size of the demand and the degree of reliability of this demand being met. Several procedures have been proposed to estimate storage requirements. Critical period methods are those in which required reservoir capacity is equated to the difference between the water released from an initially full reservoir and the inflows for periods of low flow. In the presented study reservoir capacity-yield-reliability relationships are investigated for a single reservoir named Sami Soydam Sandalcik Dam. For this purpose, six design techniques (Mass Curve, Residual Mass Curve, Moran Probability Matrix Method, Hardison's method and Minimum flow approach) are used in determining reservoir capacity, monthly and annual mean flow data observed for a period between 1962-2013, of EIE-811 Sucati Flow Gauging Station on Dalaman River in West Mediterranean Basin in Turkey are used as case study. For 0% probability of failure, the highest reservoir capacity resulted for methods Mass Curve, Residual Mass Curve and Minimum flow approach at the range between 814.22 to 852.74*10 6 m 3 for draft equal 60% and at the range between 2043.4 to 2145.74*10 6 m 3 for draft equal 80% by using the monthly data. On the other hand when high value of probability of failure (5% and 10%) are used for estimation, the reservoir capacity values were resulted at the range between 612.36 to 1154.74*10 6 m 3 for draft equal 60% and at the range between 1443.42 to 2165.13*10 6 m 3 for draft equal 80% for Hardison's method. By using Moran Probability Matrix method, the reservoir capacity resulted 1280*10 6 m 3 and the interval was divided to 140*10 6 m 3 for annual data 52 years.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"16 11 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82881272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.384729
E. Goceri
Accuracy of the results obtained by automated processing of brain magnetic resonance images has vital importance for diagnosis and evaluation of a progressive disease during treatment . However, automated processing methods such as segmentation, registration and comparison of these images are challenging issues. Because intensity values do not only depend on the underlying tissue type. They can change due to scanner-related artifacts and noise, which usually occurs in magnetic resonance images. In addition to intensity variations, low contrast and partial volume effects increases the difficulty in automated methods with these images. Intensity normalization has a significant role to increase performance of automated image processing methods. Because it is applied as a pre-processing step and efficiency of the other steps in these methods is based on the results obtained from the pre-processing step. The goal of intensity normalization is to make uniform the mean and variance values in images. Different methods have been applied for this purpose in the literature and each method has been tested with different kind of images. In this work; 1) The state-of-art normalization methods applied for magnetic resonance images have been reviewed. 2) A fully automated and adaptive approach has been proposed for intensity normalization in brain magnetic resonance images. 3) Comparative performance evaluations of the results obtained by four different normalization approaches using the same images have been presented. Comparisons of all methods implemented in this work indicate a better performance of the proposed approach for brain magnetic resonance images.
{"title":"Fully Automated and Adaptive Intensity Normalization Using Statistical Features for Brain MR Images","authors":"E. Goceri","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.384729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.384729","url":null,"abstract":"Accuracy of the results obtained by automated processing of brain magnetic resonance images has vital importance for diagnosis and evaluation of a progressive disease during treatment . However, automated processing methods such as segmentation, registration and comparison of these images are challenging issues. Because intensity values do not only depend on the underlying tissue type. They can change due to scanner-related artifacts and noise, which usually occurs in magnetic resonance images. In addition to intensity variations, low contrast and partial volume effects increases the difficulty in automated methods with these images. Intensity normalization has a significant role to increase performance of automated image processing methods. Because it is applied as a pre-processing step and efficiency of the other steps in these methods is based on the results obtained from the pre-processing step. The goal of intensity normalization is to make uniform the mean and variance values in images. Different methods have been applied for this purpose in the literature and each method has been tested with different kind of images. In this work; 1) The state-of-art normalization methods applied for magnetic resonance images have been reviewed. 2) A fully automated and adaptive approach has been proposed for intensity normalization in brain magnetic resonance images. 3) Comparative performance evaluations of the results obtained by four different normalization approaches using the same images have been presented. Comparisons of all methods implemented in this work indicate a better performance of the proposed approach for brain magnetic resonance images.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"19 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76762705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.407997
E. Akat
In the current study, we aimed to investigate the histological and histochemical characteristics of stomach of Salamandra infraimmaculata . The stomach of S. infraimmaculata was composed of four distinct layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. The inner surface of gastric mucosa was lined by surface mucous cells which were simple columnar epithelium. Gastric glands were observed in mucosa. Mucous neck cells were located at the upper portion of glands, besides oxynticopeptic cells which were predominant at the gland body. The secretory components of mucous cells were neutral and acidic glycoproteins. The mucosa was separated from muscularis externa through submucosa which was formed by loose connective tissue. Muscularis externa consisted of a thick layer of smooth muscle. The muscularis externa was surrounded by the serosa which was the outermost layer of digestive tract.
{"title":"Histological and Histochemical Study on Stomach of Salamandra infraimmaculata (Amphibia: Urodela)","authors":"E. Akat","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.407997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.407997","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, we aimed to investigate the histological and histochemical characteristics of stomach of Salamandra infraimmaculata . The stomach of S. infraimmaculata was composed of four distinct layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. The inner surface of gastric mucosa was lined by surface mucous cells which were simple columnar epithelium. Gastric glands were observed in mucosa. Mucous neck cells were located at the upper portion of glands, besides oxynticopeptic cells which were predominant at the gland body. The secretory components of mucous cells were neutral and acidic glycoproteins. The mucosa was separated from muscularis externa through submucosa which was formed by loose connective tissue. Muscularis externa consisted of a thick layer of smooth muscle. The muscularis externa was surrounded by the serosa which was the outermost layer of digestive tract.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"72 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73416448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.342317
B. Gürcü, Tulay Oludag Mete, Fatih Çöllü, I. Aydemir, M. Tuğlu
Antiepileptic drugs (AED) are teratogens that confer a risk of various congenital malformations including neural tube defects. Lacosamide (LCM) is a novel third-generation AED and its effects on neural tube (NT) development remain unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LCM in the early stages of NT development in the chicken embryo. Three different doses of LCM were applied under the embryonic disks of chicken embryos after they were incubated for 30 hours. Incubation was continued for an additional 80 hours and then all embryos were obtained for routine histology. In the LCM-treated groups, there was occlusion in the middle and ventral levels of the cavity. In the group treated with 1.60 mg of LCM, the NT cavity was closed, the notochord exhibited deterioration, and cellular association appeared abnormal. In the groups treated with 0.12 and 0.5 mg of LCM, the ectoderm layer surrounding the embryo was hypertrophic and the number of pyknotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, different doses of LCM had different effects. The results of this study demonstrated that LCM causes histopathological alterations during the neurulation stage that might ultimately result in the development of congenital defects and/or malformations.
{"title":"The Effects of Lacosamide in the Early Stages of Neural Tube Development in Chick Embryos","authors":"B. Gürcü, Tulay Oludag Mete, Fatih Çöllü, I. Aydemir, M. Tuğlu","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.342317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.342317","url":null,"abstract":"Antiepileptic drugs (AED) are teratogens that confer a risk of various congenital malformations including neural tube defects. Lacosamide (LCM) is a novel third-generation AED and its effects on neural tube (NT) development remain unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of LCM in the early stages of NT development in the chicken embryo. Three different doses of LCM were applied under the embryonic disks of chicken embryos after they were incubated for 30 hours. Incubation was continued for an additional 80 hours and then all embryos were obtained for routine histology. In the LCM-treated groups, there was occlusion in the middle and ventral levels of the cavity. In the group treated with 1.60 mg of LCM, the NT cavity was closed, the notochord exhibited deterioration, and cellular association appeared abnormal. In the groups treated with 0.12 and 0.5 mg of LCM, the ectoderm layer surrounding the embryo was hypertrophic and the number of pyknotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, different doses of LCM had different effects. The results of this study demonstrated that LCM causes histopathological alterations during the neurulation stage that might ultimately result in the development of congenital defects and/or malformations.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"14 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84238444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.334988
L. Paralı, Faruk Durmaz, O. Aydin
A common problem found in the industrial metrology is the reliability of the results obtained from temperature instruments, especially when they are used in operational processes which effect to the production quality. In this case, calibration of thermometer associated with a national standard through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations is of vital importance. This study presents the reliability of a Pt-100 Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT) measurement results which can be described according to calibration and statistical methods. The calibrated PRT’s resistance values are characterized as around 131.00 Ω by making a comparison with a reference PRT at 80 °C bath temperature and the total uncertainty of the calibration temperature is determined as ±0.08656 °C by metrological traceability together with measurement uncertainty. The total uncertainty value changes depending on uncertainty values of each equipment used in the calibration system.
{"title":"Calibration of a Platinum Resistance Thermometer (Pt-100) and Its Measurement Uncertainty Analysis","authors":"L. Paralı, Faruk Durmaz, O. Aydin","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.334988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.334988","url":null,"abstract":"A common problem found in the industrial metrology is the reliability of the results obtained from temperature instruments, especially when they are used in operational processes which effect to the production quality. In this case, calibration of thermometer associated with a national standard through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations is of vital importance. This study presents the reliability of a Pt-100 Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT) measurement results which can be described according to calibration and statistical methods. The calibrated PRT’s resistance values are characterized as around 131.00 Ω by making a comparison with a reference PRT at 80 °C bath temperature and the total uncertainty of the calibration temperature is determined as ±0.08656 °C by metrological traceability together with measurement uncertainty. The total uncertainty value changes depending on uncertainty values of each equipment used in the calibration system.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"59 1","pages":"41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80261297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.369051
E. Tetik, G. Tetik
In this study, design and characterization of a wearable monopole antenna and metamaterial based electromagnetic band gap structure using conductive textile was reported. The pure copper polyester taffeta fabric was used as a conductive textile. The conductive textile based wearable antennas have attracted considerable attention for body centric technologies due to the ability of being integrated with clothes and easily worn. In this respect, the reflection coefficients, radiation pattern, and surface currents for proposed antenna were investigated and its performance was obtained. Then, we designed the electromagnetic band gap structure (3x3 unit cell) and integrated the wearable antenna with this structure. Finally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) values for wearable antenna and integrated structure were analyzed. The SAR values of wearable antenna and integrated structure were obtained as 17.4 W/kg and 0.329 W/kg, respectively. In addition, the electromagnetic band gap structure that has 4x3 unit cell was designed and again the wearable antenna was integrated with this 4x3 structure. Similarly, we obtained the SAR value of new integrated structure as 0.241 W/kg. It was demonstrated that the integrated structures have considerably favorable SAR value for human body. It can be used in many wearable antenna applications with this low SAR value.
{"title":"The Effect of a Metamaterial Based Wearable Monopole Antenna on the Human Body","authors":"E. Tetik, G. Tetik","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.369051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.369051","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, design and characterization of a wearable monopole antenna and metamaterial based electromagnetic band gap structure using conductive textile was reported. The pure copper polyester taffeta fabric was used as a conductive textile. The conductive textile based wearable antennas have attracted considerable attention for body centric technologies due to the ability of being integrated with clothes and easily worn. In this respect, the reflection coefficients, radiation pattern, and surface currents for proposed antenna were investigated and its performance was obtained. Then, we designed the electromagnetic band gap structure (3x3 unit cell) and integrated the wearable antenna with this structure. Finally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) values for wearable antenna and integrated structure were analyzed. The SAR values of wearable antenna and integrated structure were obtained as 17.4 W/kg and 0.329 W/kg, respectively. In addition, the electromagnetic band gap structure that has 4x3 unit cell was designed and again the wearable antenna was integrated with this 4x3 structure. Similarly, we obtained the SAR value of new integrated structure as 0.241 W/kg. It was demonstrated that the integrated structures have considerably favorable SAR value for human body. It can be used in many wearable antenna applications with this low SAR value.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"1 1","pages":"93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89704291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.363384
Aliye Gediz Erturk, Ö. Ertürk, M. C. Ayvaz, E. Ertürk
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of leaves, seeds and roots of 48 fruits and vegetables belonging to different families were investigated. Also, the phytochemical constituents were established in samples. Antimicrobial activity tests were carried out using agar disc diffusion methods with ten microbial species and only two fungi strains. The extracts showed high antibacterial activity against all the strains tested. It was observed that the plant extracts were more active against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. The antioxidant properties of extracts were appraised by means of different antioxidant tests, including total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, phenols and alkaloids in the extracts. When the protein content in samples was analyzed, the largest values were obtained at 36.80% and 34.89% for Brassica oleracea acephala (Black Cabbage) and Corylus avellana (Hazelnut), respectively.
{"title":"Screening of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities in Extracts of Some Fruits and Vegetables Consumed in Turkey","authors":"Aliye Gediz Erturk, Ö. Ertürk, M. C. Ayvaz, E. Ertürk","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.363384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.363384","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of leaves, seeds and roots of 48 fruits and vegetables belonging to different families were investigated. Also, the phytochemical constituents were established in samples. Antimicrobial activity tests were carried out using agar disc diffusion methods with ten microbial species and only two fungi strains. The extracts showed high antibacterial activity against all the strains tested. It was observed that the plant extracts were more active against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. The antioxidant properties of extracts were appraised by means of different antioxidant tests, including total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, phenols and alkaloids in the extracts. When the protein content in samples was analyzed, the largest values were obtained at 36.80% and 34.89% for Brassica oleracea acephala (Black Cabbage) and Corylus avellana (Hazelnut), respectively.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"47 1","pages":"81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76187489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：