Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370364
E. Sert, F. S. Atalay
In this study, three different catalysts were applied as catalysts for esterification of benzoic acid with ethanol, butanol and hexanol. These catalysts are ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent, ion exchange resin. Amberlyst 15, ion exchange resin, was used as control catalyst to observe the catalytic activity of new generation solvent, deep eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvents show the similar properties with ionic liquids and have great attraction due to ease of preparation, low cost and environmentally friendly nature. They have many advantages such as reusability, stability, catalytically activity and removal of the reaction mixture. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are composed hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). It has lower freezing point than that of individual constituents. In this study, p -toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) was used as HBD, benzyl tri-ethyl ammonium chloride (BTEAC) was used as HBA. DES formed by p-TSA and BTEAC was used as dual solvent-catalyst for esterification of benzoic acid with different alcohols. DES gave high catalytic activity among three different catalysts, 88.3, 87.8 and 67.5% conversion of benzoic acid for ethanol, butanol and hexanol, respectively. The effects of time, temperature, alcohol type and catalyst type were investigated in a batch reactor at specified conditions. It was found that DES provided the simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of benzoic acid ester.
{"title":"Application of Green Catalysts for the Esterification of Benzoic Acid with Different Alcohols","authors":"E. Sert, F. S. Atalay","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.370364","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, three different catalysts were applied as catalysts for esterification of benzoic acid with ethanol, butanol and hexanol. These catalysts are ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent, ion exchange resin. Amberlyst 15, ion exchange resin, was used as control catalyst to observe the catalytic activity of new generation solvent, deep eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvents show the similar properties with ionic liquids and have great attraction due to ease of preparation, low cost and environmentally friendly nature. They have many advantages such as reusability, stability, catalytically activity and removal of the reaction mixture. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are composed hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). It has lower freezing point than that of individual constituents. In this study, p -toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) was used as HBD, benzyl tri-ethyl ammonium chloride (BTEAC) was used as HBA. DES formed by p-TSA and BTEAC was used as dual solvent-catalyst for esterification of benzoic acid with different alcohols. DES gave high catalytic activity among three different catalysts, 88.3, 87.8 and 67.5% conversion of benzoic acid for ethanol, butanol and hexanol, respectively. The effects of time, temperature, alcohol type and catalyst type were investigated in a batch reactor at specified conditions. It was found that DES provided the simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of benzoic acid ester.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"28 1","pages":"907-912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77909533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.319416
Y. Eren, D. Akyıl, Arzu Özkara
Aluminium, the mostly used element in the world, and its usage is increasing in many applications. Aluminium acetate (AA) has been used in many therapeutical applications, too. Because of widely usage of AA in medicine, its safety must be clearly defined. This research evaluated the genotoxic effects of AA. It has been known that aluminium had very important toxic effect in long time exposures. It was aimed to determine if AA had same genotoxic effects or not. Genotoxic effects of AA were determined with human lymphocytes MN assay. Control, Negative control (1% DMSO), positive control (MMC, 0.20 µg/ml), 1250, 2500, 5000, 10000, and 15000 ppm doses of AA were used in this assay. MNBC % and NDI values of AA were compared with negative control group. 15000 ppm of AA were observed as EC50 concentration that reduced the mitotic index about 50 %. As a result of MNBC %, there was statistically significant increase in MN frequency at 5000 and 10000 ppm doses. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity were obtained from NDI study. The highest MN frequency and the lowest NDI frequency were obtained from 10000 ppm at 48 h treatment while the lowest MN and the highest NDI frequencies were determined in 1250 ppm at 24 h treatment. This research showed that used concentrations did not produce significant MN frequency but significantly reduced the NDI value when compared to MMC.
{"title":"Genotoxic Effects of Aluminium Acetate by Micronucleus Assay","authors":"Y. Eren, D. Akyıl, Arzu Özkara","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.319416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.319416","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium, the mostly used element in the world, and its usage is increasing in many applications. Aluminium acetate (AA) has been used in many therapeutical applications, too. Because of widely usage of AA in medicine, its safety must be clearly defined. This research evaluated the genotoxic effects of AA. It has been known that aluminium had very important toxic effect in long time exposures. It was aimed to determine if AA had same genotoxic effects or not. Genotoxic effects of AA were determined with human lymphocytes MN assay. Control, Negative control (1% DMSO), positive control (MMC, 0.20 µg/ml), 1250, 2500, 5000, 10000, and 15000 ppm doses of AA were used in this assay. MNBC % and NDI values of AA were compared with negative control group. 15000 ppm of AA were observed as EC50 concentration that reduced the mitotic index about 50 %. As a result of MNBC %, there was statistically significant increase in MN frequency at 5000 and 10000 ppm doses. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity were obtained from NDI study. The highest MN frequency and the lowest NDI frequency were obtained from 10000 ppm at 48 h treatment while the lowest MN and the highest NDI frequencies were determined in 1250 ppm at 24 h treatment. This research showed that used concentrations did not produce significant MN frequency but significantly reduced the NDI value when compared to MMC.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"194 ","pages":"919-923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91454997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.330088
T. Bilgin, M. Aytekin
In this study, Internet users were clustered by the search keywords which they type into search bars of search engines. Our proposed software is called UQCS (User Queries Clustering System) and it was developed to demonstrate the efficiency of our hypothesis. UQCS co-operates with the Strehl’s relationship based clustering toolkit and performs segmentation on users based on the keywords they use for searching the web. Internet Proxy server logs were parsed and query strings were extracted from the search engine URL’s and the resulting IP-Term matrix was converted into a similarity matrix using Euclidean, Jaccard, Cosine Distance and Pearson Correlation Distance metrics. K- Means and graph-based OPOSSUM algorithm were used to perform clustering on the similarity matrices. Results were illustrated by using CLUSION visualization toolkit.
{"title":"Web Proxy Log Data Mining System for Clustering Users and Search Keywords","authors":"T. Bilgin, M. Aytekin","doi":"10.18466/cbayarfbe.330088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.330088","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Internet users were clustered by the search keywords which they type into search bars of search engines. Our proposed software is called UQCS (User Queries Clustering System) and it was developed to demonstrate the efficiency of our hypothesis. UQCS co-operates with the Strehl’s relationship based clustering toolkit and performs segmentation on users based on the keywords they use for searching the web. Internet Proxy server logs were parsed and query strings were extracted from the search engine URL’s and the resulting IP-Term matrix was converted into a similarity matrix using Euclidean, Jaccard, Cosine Distance and Pearson Correlation Distance metrics. K- Means and graph-based OPOSSUM algorithm were used to perform clustering on the similarity matrices. Results were illustrated by using CLUSION visualization toolkit.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"344 1","pages":"873-881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77149610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/cbayarfbe.370373
H. Büyükuslu
The data of the cross–section is required for understanding nuclear reaction mechanism, developing and testing validity of available nuclear reaction models as much as it has been used in the applied fields of nuclear physics. Reliable experimental data is importance of comparison with theoretical nuclear model calculations for testing predictive ability. In the event that experimental data failure appearance, theoretical models are filling this gab for supplying with calculated data. Because of these reasons, both of experimental and theoretical studies need of each other. For a long time, theoretically studies have been carried out for proton total reaction cross section calculation. At the end of these studies, several analytical equations have been proposed by their authors. Comparison of the suggested equations and rearrangement for different value of parameters are enormously important for reaching successfully results. In this study, proton total reaction cross sections have been calculated for 112,114,116,118,120,122,124 Sn isotopes using proton-nucleus interaction analytic equation that was proposed by M.A. Alvi. Also, optical model calculations carried out for same reactions by TALYS code. Excitation functions have been plotted with collected experimental data up to 80 MeV proton incident energy. Coefficient comparisons have been made via determined excitation function curves. The obtained results have been discussed by way of the excitation function graphics and compared with the available experimental data. Satisfactory agreements have been seen between calculated data and its measured equivalents. A validation of used theoretical model has been confirmed and tested via obtained results for these Sn isotopes and these energy ranges.
{"title":"Modelled Excitation Functions of 112,114,116,118,120,122,124Sn Isotopes for an Incident Energy Range of 10-80 MeV","authors":"H. Büyükuslu","doi":"10.18466/cbayarfbe.370373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.370373","url":null,"abstract":"The data of the cross–section is required for understanding nuclear reaction mechanism, developing and testing validity of available nuclear reaction models as much as it has been used in the applied fields of nuclear physics. Reliable experimental data is importance of comparison with theoretical nuclear model calculations for testing predictive ability. In the event that experimental data failure appearance, theoretical models are filling this gab for supplying with calculated data. Because of these reasons, both of experimental and theoretical studies need of each other. For a long time, theoretically studies have been carried out for proton total reaction cross section calculation. At the end of these studies, several analytical equations have been proposed by their authors. Comparison of the suggested equations and rearrangement for different value of parameters are enormously important for reaching successfully results. In this study, proton total reaction cross sections have been calculated for 112,114,116,118,120,122,124 Sn isotopes using proton-nucleus interaction analytic equation that was proposed by M.A. Alvi. Also, optical model calculations carried out for same reactions by TALYS code. Excitation functions have been plotted with collected experimental data up to 80 MeV proton incident energy. Coefficient comparisons have been made via determined excitation function curves. The obtained results have been discussed by way of the excitation function graphics and compared with the available experimental data. Satisfactory agreements have been seen between calculated data and its measured equivalents. A validation of used theoretical model has been confirmed and tested via obtained results for these Sn isotopes and these energy ranges.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"282 1","pages":"925-928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76817375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-29DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339858
T. R. Sertbakan
This work deals with the spectroscopic properties (FT-IR, FT-Raman and NMR), structural and some electronic properties as well as theoretical calculations of 4-amino-2-methyl-8-(trifluoromethyl) quinoline (AMTQ) molecule. T he vibrational, structural and some electronic properties observations of the AMTQ were reported, which is investigated using some spectral methods and DFT calculations. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra were obtained for AMTQ at room temperature in the region 4000 cm -1 - 400 cm -1 and 3500-50 cm -1 , respectively. In the DFT calculations, the B3LYP functional with cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ basis sets was applied to carry out the quantum mechanical calculations of the spectroscopic, structural and some electronic properties of AMTQ. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra were interpreted with the by using of normal coordinate analysis based on scaled quantum mechanical force field. The present work expands our understanding of the both the vibrational and structural properties as well as some electronic properties of the AMTQ by means of the theoretical and experimental methods.
本文研究了4-氨基-2-甲基-8-(三氟甲基)喹啉(AMTQ)分子的光谱性质(FT-IR、FT-Raman和NMR)、结构和一些电子性质以及理论计算。本文报道了AMTQ的振动、结构和一些电子性质的观测结果，并利用一些光谱方法和DFT计算对其进行了研究。室温下AMTQ的FT-IR光谱和FT-Raman光谱分别在4000 cm -1 ~ 400 cm -1和3500 ~ 50 cm -1范围内。在DFT计算中，采用具有cc-pVDZ、cc-pVTZ和cc-pVQZ基集的B3LYP泛函对AMTQ的光谱、结构和部分电子性质进行了量子力学计算。利用基于尺度量子力学力场的法向坐标分析对FT-IR和FT-Raman光谱进行了解释。本工作通过理论和实验方法扩展了我们对AMTQ的振动和结构性质以及一些电子性质的认识。
{"title":"Structure, Spectroscopic and Quantum Chemical Investigations of 4-Amino-2-Methyl-8-(Trifluoromethyl)Quinoline","authors":"T. R. Sertbakan","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339858","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the spectroscopic properties (FT-IR, FT-Raman and NMR), structural and some electronic properties as well as theoretical calculations of 4-amino-2-methyl-8-(trifluoromethyl) quinoline (AMTQ) molecule. T he vibrational, structural and some electronic properties observations of the AMTQ were reported, which is investigated using some spectral methods and DFT calculations. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra were obtained for AMTQ at room temperature in the region 4000 cm -1 - 400 cm -1 and 3500-50 cm -1 , respectively. In the DFT calculations, the B3LYP functional with cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ and cc-pVQZ basis sets was applied to carry out the quantum mechanical calculations of the spectroscopic, structural and some electronic properties of AMTQ. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra were interpreted with the by using of normal coordinate analysis based on scaled quantum mechanical force field. The present work expands our understanding of the both the vibrational and structural properties as well as some electronic properties of the AMTQ by means of the theoretical and experimental methods.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"7 1","pages":"851-861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78576305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339532
Süleyman İnan
Bu calismada, kolon kullanimina uygun yapida zirkonyum-antimon oksit/PAN kompozit kurecikleri sentezlenmistir. Sentezlenen kureciklerin stronsiyuma karsi adsorpsiyon davranislari dinamik kosullarda, kolon yontemi ile deneysel tasarim yaklasimi kullanilarak belirlenmistir. Akis hizi, baslangic derisimi ve yatak yuksekligi gibi temel parametrelerin stronsiyum adsorpsiyonu uzerindeki etkileri Box-Behnken Tasarimi kullanilarak incelenmistir. Stronsiyum alim denemeleri merkez noktalarda 3 tekrar ile 15 adet denemenin yurutulmesi ile gerceklestirilmistir. Ikili etkilesimler incelenerek soz konusu parametrelere bagimliligi gosteren cevap yuzey grafikleri olusturulmustur. Bagimsiz degiskenlerin regresyon analizi sonucunda R kare degerinin 0.995 olmasi, ongorulen degerler ile deneysel degerlerin %99.5 oraninda uyumlu oldugunu gostermektedir. Ayrica stronsiyum aliminda, akis hizi (P-degeri=3x10 -4 ), baslangic derisimi (P-degeri=2x10 -6 ), yatak yuksekligi (P-degeri=4x10 -5 ) parametreleri ile butun ikili etkilesimlerin istatistiksel olarak onemli oldugu bulunmustur. Maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesinin (11.00 mg.g -1 ), 0.20 mL.dak -1 akis hizinda, 100 mg.L -1 baslangic derisiminde ve 1 cm yatak yuksekliginde gerceklestigi tespit edilmistir. Zirkonyum-antimon oksit/PAN kureciklerinin stronsiyuma karsi breakthrough (kirilma) egrisi cizilip analiz edilerek, kolonun sizdirma (t b ) ve doyma noktasi (t s ) ile bu noktalardaki kapasiteleri q b ve q s hesaplanmistir. Kirilma egrisinin analizi sonucunda, sizdirma (t b ) ve doyma noktasi (t s ) sirasi ile 3125 ve 6400 dakika olarak bulunmus, bu noktalardaki sizdirma (q b ) ve doyma kapasitesi (q s ) ise sirasiyla 23.43 ve 47.98 mg.g -1 olarak hesaplanmistir.
{"title":"The Investigation of Strontium Adsorption using Zirconium-Antimony Oxide/Polyacrylonitrile Composite in Dynamic Systems","authors":"Süleyman İnan","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339532","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calismada, kolon kullanimina uygun yapida zirkonyum-antimon oksit/PAN kompozit kurecikleri sentezlenmistir. Sentezlenen kureciklerin stronsiyuma karsi adsorpsiyon davranislari dinamik kosullarda, kolon yontemi ile deneysel tasarim yaklasimi kullanilarak belirlenmistir. Akis hizi, baslangic derisimi ve yatak yuksekligi gibi temel parametrelerin stronsiyum adsorpsiyonu uzerindeki etkileri Box-Behnken Tasarimi kullanilarak incelenmistir. Stronsiyum alim denemeleri merkez noktalarda 3 tekrar ile 15 adet denemenin yurutulmesi ile gerceklestirilmistir. Ikili etkilesimler incelenerek soz konusu parametrelere bagimliligi gosteren cevap yuzey grafikleri olusturulmustur. Bagimsiz degiskenlerin regresyon analizi sonucunda R kare degerinin 0.995 olmasi, ongorulen degerler ile deneysel degerlerin %99.5 oraninda uyumlu oldugunu gostermektedir. Ayrica stronsiyum aliminda, akis hizi (P-degeri=3x10 -4 ), baslangic derisimi (P-degeri=2x10 -6 ), yatak yuksekligi (P-degeri=4x10 -5 ) parametreleri ile butun ikili etkilesimlerin istatistiksel olarak onemli oldugu bulunmustur. Maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesinin (11.00 mg.g -1 ), 0.20 mL.dak -1 akis hizinda, 100 mg.L -1 baslangic derisiminde ve 1 cm yatak yuksekliginde gerceklestigi tespit edilmistir. Zirkonyum-antimon oksit/PAN kureciklerinin stronsiyuma karsi breakthrough (kirilma) egrisi cizilip analiz edilerek, kolonun sizdirma (t b ) ve doyma noktasi (t s ) ile bu noktalardaki kapasiteleri q b ve q s hesaplanmistir. Kirilma egrisinin analizi sonucunda, sizdirma (t b ) ve doyma noktasi (t s ) sirasi ile 3125 ve 6400 dakika olarak bulunmus, bu noktalardaki sizdirma (q b ) ve doyma kapasitesi (q s ) ise sirasiyla 23.43 ve 47.98 mg.g -1 olarak hesaplanmistir.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"89 1","pages":"777-783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84216039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339315
Elif Mine Öncü-Kaya
The aim of the present work was to develop and validate an efficient Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method for the determination of folic acid (FA) in malt-based beverages. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure was used for cleanup and preconcentration of the malt-based beverages before the UHPLC analysis. The analysis was performed in a C18 column (2.1x50 mmx1.8 µm) using a solvent system of ACN: 0.1 % formic acid in water (10:90, v/v) by isocratic elution. Injection volume was 5 µL. The flow rates of the mobile phase were maintained at 0.2 mL min ‒1 for 0.00–4.00 min and 0.5 mL min ‒1 for 4.01–12.00 min. Methyl paraben was used as the internal standard (IS). The FA and IS signals were detected at 284 nm and 254 nm, respectively. Under these conditions, FA and IS were separated in 3.6 min and 11.4 min, respectively. The method was successfully validated in terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) parameters. The relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 1.5%. Good linearity with a high correlation coefficient was achieved over the concentration range of 20.13 µg L −1 – 2004 µg mL −1 for FA. The LOD and LOQ values were 6.66 µg L −1 and 20.13 µg L −1 , respectively . Good recovery values were found ranged between 99.1% and 106% for boza and vitamin fortified malt drink. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of FA in malt beers, vitamin fortified malt drinks and boza samples.
本研究的目的是建立一种高效液相色谱法(UHPLC)测定麦芽饮料中叶酸的方法。在UHPLC分析之前，采用固相萃取法(SPE)对麦芽饮料进行清洗和预浓缩。色谱柱为C18 (2.1x50 mmx1.8µm)，溶剂体系为ACN: 0.1%甲酸水溶液(10:90,v/v)，等密度洗脱。注射量为5µL。流动相流速为0.2 mL min -1，流速为0.00-4.00 min，流速为0.5 mL min -1，流速为4.01-12.00 min。内标为对羟基苯甲酸甲酯。FA和IS信号分别在284 nm和254 nm处检测到。在此条件下，FA和IS的分离时间分别为3.6 min和11.4 min。从精密度、准确度、线性度、检出限和定量参数等方面对该方法进行了验证。日内、日间精度的相对标准偏差均小于1.5%。FA在20.13µg L−1 ~ 2004µg mL−1的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系，相关系数高。LOD和LOQ值分别为6.66µg L−1和20.13µg L−1。boza和维生素强化麦芽饮料的回收率在99.1% ~ 106%之间。该方法已成功地应用于麦芽啤酒、维生素强化麦芽饮料和boza样品中FA的测定。
{"title":"Determination of Folic Acid by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Certain Malt-based Beverages after Solid-Phase Extraction","authors":"Elif Mine Öncü-Kaya","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339315","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present work was to develop and validate an efficient Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method for the determination of folic acid (FA) in malt-based beverages. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure was used for cleanup and preconcentration of the malt-based beverages before the UHPLC analysis. The analysis was performed in a C18 column (2.1x50 mmx1.8 µm) using a solvent system of ACN: 0.1 % formic acid in water (10:90, v/v) by isocratic elution. Injection volume was 5 µL. The flow rates of the mobile phase were maintained at 0.2 mL min ‒1 for 0.00–4.00 min and 0.5 mL min ‒1 for 4.01–12.00 min. Methyl paraben was used as the internal standard (IS). The FA and IS signals were detected at 284 nm and 254 nm, respectively. Under these conditions, FA and IS were separated in 3.6 min and 11.4 min, respectively. The method was successfully validated in terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) parameters. The relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 1.5%. Good linearity with a high correlation coefficient was achieved over the concentration range of 20.13 µg L −1 – 2004 µg mL −1 for FA. The LOD and LOQ values were 6.66 µg L −1 and 20.13 µg L −1 , respectively . Good recovery values were found ranged between 99.1% and 106% for boza and vitamin fortified malt drink. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of FA in malt beers, vitamin fortified malt drinks and boza samples.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"15 1","pages":"623-630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83031863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339352
Müzeyyen Ertürk
This paper concentrates on studying convergence and data dependence of AK iteration for the class of maps which was introduced by Berinde. Also, we will support our results with an example.
{"title":"Convergence and Data Dependence Results for AK Iterative Algorithm","authors":"Müzeyyen Ertürk","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339352","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concentrates on studying convergence and data dependence of AK iteration for the class of maps which was introduced by Berinde. Also, we will support our results with an example.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"370 1","pages":"755-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74201104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.281369
Can Ekici
Dosemeden isitma sistemleri dunya capinda yaygin olarak kullanilmaktadir. Bu calismada dosemeden isitma sistemlerinin gunes enerji destegiyle Ankara icin kullanilabilirligi incelenecektir. Bu inceleme cercevesinde isil konfor analizleri yapilmistir. Bu analizler Ankara’da bulunan 23 m²’lik bir odada yapilmistir. Oda dosemeden gunes enerjisi yardimiyla isitilmaktadir. Fanger’in PMV ve PPD yontemleri bu odada isil konfor analizi icin kullanilmistir. Bu calisma gunes enerjisi ile dosemeden isitma sistemlerinin durumuna Ankara’nin yerel kosullarda odaklanacaktir.
{"title":"Usability of the Floor Heating Systems with Solar Energy in Ankara for a Cold Winter Day","authors":"Can Ekici","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.281369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.281369","url":null,"abstract":"Dosemeden isitma sistemleri dunya capinda yaygin olarak kullanilmaktadir. Bu calismada dosemeden isitma sistemlerinin gunes enerji destegiyle Ankara icin kullanilabilirligi incelenecektir. Bu inceleme cercevesinde isil konfor analizleri yapilmistir. Bu analizler Ankara’da bulunan 23 m²’lik bir odada yapilmistir. Oda dosemeden gunes enerjisi yardimiyla isitilmaktadir. Fanger’in PMV ve PPD yontemleri bu odada isil konfor analizi icin kullanilmistir. Bu calisma gunes enerjisi ile dosemeden isitma sistemlerinin durumuna Ankara’nin yerel kosullarda odaklanacaktir.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"15 1","pages":"815-818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74588431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339318
Aslı Erdem Yayayürük, Onur Yayayürük
In this study, the efficiency of florisil was investigated for the removal of Cr(III) using batch type sorption under different experimental conditions namely pH, sorbent amount, contact time and temperature. The maximum sorption capacity of florisil for Cr(III) ions was determined as 67.5 mg g -1 , at pH 6.0, with a contact time of 60.0 minutes at 25°C. The equilibrium kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of Cr(III) ion sorption onto florisil were also studied and it was evaluated that the sorption kinetics of Cr(III) on florisil followed pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data were in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model indicating monolayer coverage on the sorbent surface. In addition, thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption of Cr(III) onto florisil was spontaneous and exothermic. The presented method was applied to the determination of Cr(III) in ultra – pure, tap, bottled drinking and waste water samples and high recoveries obtained confirmed the accuracy of the proposed study. The overall results have demonstrated that florisil is a promising and efficient sorbent and a good candidate for the removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions.
在不同的实验条件下，即pH、吸附剂用量、接触时间和温度，考察了florisil对Cr(III)的间歇吸附效果。测定了florisil对Cr(III)离子的最大吸附量为67.5 mg g -1, pH为6.0，接触时间为60.0 min，温度为25℃。研究了Cr(III)离子在florisil上吸附的平衡动力学、等温线和热力学，并评价了Cr(III)在florisil上的吸附动力学符合准二阶模型。平衡数据与Langmuir等温线模型吻合良好，表明吸附剂表面有单层覆盖。此外，热力学研究表明，Cr(III)在florisil上的吸附是自发的、放热的。将该方法应用于超纯、自来水、瓶装饮用水和废水样品中铬(III)的测定，获得了较高的回收率，证实了该方法的准确性。结果表明，florisil是一种有前途的高效吸附剂，是去除水溶液中Cr(III)的良好选择。
{"title":"Sorption Characteristics of Cr(III) onto Florisil: Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Studies","authors":"Aslı Erdem Yayayürük, Onur Yayayürük","doi":"10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18466/CBAYARFBE.339318","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the efficiency of florisil was investigated for the removal of Cr(III) using batch type sorption under different experimental conditions namely pH, sorbent amount, contact time and temperature. The maximum sorption capacity of florisil for Cr(III) ions was determined as 67.5 mg g -1 , at pH 6.0, with a contact time of 60.0 minutes at 25°C. The equilibrium kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of Cr(III) ion sorption onto florisil were also studied and it was evaluated that the sorption kinetics of Cr(III) on florisil followed pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data were in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model indicating monolayer coverage on the sorbent surface. In addition, thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption of Cr(III) onto florisil was spontaneous and exothermic. The presented method was applied to the determination of Cr(III) in ultra – pure, tap, bottled drinking and waste water samples and high recoveries obtained confirmed the accuracy of the proposed study. The overall results have demonstrated that florisil is a promising and efficient sorbent and a good candidate for the removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":9652,"journal":{"name":"Celal Bayar Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi","volume":"26 1","pages":"635-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83145059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：