Weiyan Xu, Haowen Dang, Huiru Sheng, Jiabin Shen, Min Wang
A cobalt(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/cyclization of benzimidates and vinylene carbonate has been developed. Various benzimidates showed good compatibility, providing isoquinolone derivatives in moderate to good yields. This strategy employs the inexpensive Co(III) as the catalyst and provides an efficient and practical solution for the synthesis of medicinally valuable 3,4-unsubstituted isoquinolone derivatives.
{"title":"Synthesis of 3,4-unsubstituted isoquinolone derivatives from benzimidates and vinylene carbonate <i>via</i> cobalt(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/cyclization.","authors":"Weiyan Xu, Haowen Dang, Huiru Sheng, Jiabin Shen, Min Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5ob00319a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00319a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cobalt(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/cyclization of benzimidates and vinylene carbonate has been developed. Various benzimidates showed good compatibility, providing isoquinolone derivatives in moderate to good yields. This strategy employs the inexpensive Co(III) as the catalyst and provides an efficient and practical solution for the synthesis of medicinally valuable 3,4-unsubstituted isoquinolone derivatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajay G Mamale, Balaji M Ghodake, Rajesh G Gonnade, Asish K Bhattacharya
A catalyst and transition-metal free 1,6-conjugate addition of azobisisobutyronitrile to para-quinone methides for the synthesis of isobutyronitrile containing diarylmethanes has been achieved. This protocol enables the synthesis of isobutyronitrile containing diarylmethanes in good yields and with a broad substrate scope. This is the first example wherein azobisisobutyronitrile has been used as a cyanide source for 1,6-conjugate addition under catalyst and metal-free conditions.
{"title":"Catalyst and transition-metal free 1,6-conjugate addition of azobisisobutyronitrile: access to isobutyronitrile containing diarylmethanes.","authors":"Ajay G Mamale, Balaji M Ghodake, Rajesh G Gonnade, Asish K Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1039/d5ob00012b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00012b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A catalyst and transition-metal free 1,6-conjugate addition of azobisisobutyronitrile to <i>para</i>-quinone methides for the synthesis of isobutyronitrile containing diarylmethanes has been achieved. This protocol enables the synthesis of isobutyronitrile containing diarylmethanes in good yields and with a broad substrate scope. This is the first example wherein azobisisobutyronitrile has been used as a cyanide source for 1,6-conjugate addition under catalyst and metal-free conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lirong Han, Hui Zhou, Jinsong Hou, Xiaohao Shi, Qinghan Li
In recent years, photochemical organic conversion promoted by visible light has attracted the interest of many organic chemists. Compared with traditional methods, visible light for the photoredox catalysis of renewable energy has been proved to be a mild and powerful tool that can promote the activation of organic molecules through the single electron transfer (SET) process. Therefore, the formation reaction of a C-C bond can be achieved by activating these molecules with visible light, which can effectively modify the structure of these compounds and obtain compounds with multiple structures and functions. At present, this research has become an important research field in organic synthesis. Eosin-Y, a cheap and widely-used organic dye, has been employed as an economically and environmentally friendly substitute for many transition-metal-based photocatalysts. In recent years, it has gained much more attention due to its ease of handling and eco-friendliness, and it has great potential for applications in visible-light-mediated organic synthesis. This article reviews the research results on the formation of carbon-carbon bonds promoted by the organic photocatalyst Eosin-Y under visible light in recent years, and discusses representative examples and their different mechanistic pathways (such as SET, HAT, and energy transfer).
{"title":"The formation reaction of a carbon-carbon bond promoted by Eosin-Y under visible light.","authors":"Lirong Han, Hui Zhou, Jinsong Hou, Xiaohao Shi, Qinghan Li","doi":"10.1039/d5ob00141b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00141b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, photochemical organic conversion promoted by visible light has attracted the interest of many organic chemists. Compared with traditional methods, visible light for the photoredox catalysis of renewable energy has been proved to be a mild and powerful tool that can promote the activation of organic molecules through the single electron transfer (SET) process. Therefore, the formation reaction of a C-C bond can be achieved by activating these molecules with visible light, which can effectively modify the structure of these compounds and obtain compounds with multiple structures and functions. At present, this research has become an important research field in organic synthesis. Eosin-Y, a cheap and widely-used organic dye, has been employed as an economically and environmentally friendly substitute for many transition-metal-based photocatalysts. In recent years, it has gained much more attention due to its ease of handling and eco-friendliness, and it has great potential for applications in visible-light-mediated organic synthesis. This article reviews the research results on the formation of carbon-carbon bonds promoted by the organic photocatalyst Eosin-Y under visible light in recent years, and discusses representative examples and their different mechanistic pathways (such as SET, HAT, and energy transfer).</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein, we describe a stepwise 1,2-reductive dearomatization/selective C3-nitration of quinoline and a subsequent catalytic enantioselective homoenolate addition reaction using a NHC catalyst strategy to construct N-acetyl 3,4-disubstituted tetrahydroquinoline in good yields with remarkably high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (dr >99 : 1, ee up to >99%). An efficient metal- and base-free method for 3-nitroquinoline synthesis from readily accessible quinoline has also been realized.
{"title":"A stepwise dearomatization/nitration/enantioselective homoenolate reaction of quinolines to construct C<sub>3</sub>-nitro-substituted tetrahydroquinolines.","authors":"Aniruddh Pratap, Biswajit Maji","doi":"10.1039/d5ob00247h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00247h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we describe a stepwise 1,2-reductive dearomatization/selective C<sub>3</sub>-nitration of quinoline and a subsequent catalytic enantioselective homoenolate addition reaction using a NHC catalyst strategy to construct <i>N</i>-acetyl 3,4-disubstituted tetrahydroquinoline in good yields with remarkably high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (dr >99 : 1, ee up to >99%). An efficient metal- and base-free method for 3-nitroquinoline synthesis from readily accessible quinoline has also been realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photochromic molecules from the spiropyran family are renowned for their ability to undergo light-induced interconversion between a colorless spiro form and a colored merocyanine form. The photoswitching behavior of various spiropyrans has been explored earlier but the influence of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the indoline and [2H]-chromene rings remains unexplored. In this work, we synthesized four distinct photochromic spiropyran molecules featuring all possible combinations of electronic effects. Their photoswitching activity and switching kinetics were systematically analyzed using spectroscopic and kinetic techniques. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of these spiropyran derivatives were evaluated to uncover potential structure-activity relationships. This study provides important insights into the design of spiropyrans with customized photochromic properties and associated bioactivity.
{"title":"Synthesis, photochromic properties, and bioactivity of spiropyrans with electron-donating/withdrawing substituents on indoline and [2<i>H</i>]-chromene rings.","authors":"Abir Kayal, Navjot Kaur, Mrinmoy De","doi":"10.1039/d5ob00033e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00033e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photochromic molecules from the spiropyran family are renowned for their ability to undergo light-induced interconversion between a colorless spiro form and a colored merocyanine form. The photoswitching behavior of various spiropyrans has been explored earlier but the influence of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the indoline and [2<i>H</i>]-chromene rings remains unexplored. In this work, we synthesized four distinct photochromic spiropyran molecules featuring all possible combinations of electronic effects. Their photoswitching activity and switching kinetics were systematically analyzed using spectroscopic and kinetic techniques. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of these spiropyran derivatives were evaluated to uncover potential structure-activity relationships. This study provides important insights into the design of spiropyrans with customized photochromic properties and associated bioactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K Lawrence E Hale, Alistair J Fielding, Karl J Hale
(±)-trans-3-(2-Phenylcyclopropyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol (5) undergoes O-directed rt free radical hydrostannation with 2 equiv. of Bu3SnH or Ph3SnH in PhMe to produce the α-cyclopropyl-β-stannylvinyl radicals 26 and 27, which rapidly ring-open to give the benzylic stannylhomoallenyl radicals 28 and 29. These, in turn, react with the excess stannane that is present to provide 21 and 23 as primary reaction products. The triphenylstannylallene 23 also undergoes a competitive Ph3Sn˙ addition to its central allene carbon. This affords the allylically-stabilised radical 31c, which itself reacts with the stannane to produce (Z)-6-phenyl-2,3-bis(triphenylstannyl)hex-3-en-1-ol (24). EPR studies of the reaction of 5 with Ph3SnH (1 equiv.) and cat. Et3B/O2 in PhMe at 250 K have failed to identify the radicals 27 and 29 in the reaction mixtures. Rather, a sharp dd is always observed whose multiplicity is consistent with it being the tris-Ph3Sn-stabilised free radical 33. The latter is suggested to arise from a reversible O-directed Ph3Sn˙ addition to 24. The radical 33 has 1Hβ values of 1.32 mT (13.2 G) and 0.57 mT (5.7 G) and a g of 2.0020.
{"title":"On the divergent reactivity of allenylstannanes generated from the O-directed free radical hydrostannation reaction of (±)-<i>trans</i>-3-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol. EPR evidence for the reversible addition of Ph<sub>3</sub>Sn radicals to vinyl triphenyltins.","authors":"K Lawrence E Hale, Alistair J Fielding, Karl J Hale","doi":"10.1039/d4ob01847h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4ob01847h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(±)-<i>trans</i>-3-(2-Phenylcyclopropyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol (5) undergoes O-directed rt free radical hydrostannation with 2 equiv. of Bu<sub>3</sub>SnH or Ph<sub>3</sub>SnH in PhMe to produce the α-cyclopropyl-β-stannylvinyl radicals 26 and 27, which rapidly ring-open to give the benzylic stannylhomoallenyl radicals 28 and 29. These, in turn, react with the excess stannane that is present to provide 21 and 23 as primary reaction products. The triphenylstannylallene 23 also undergoes a competitive Ph<sub>3</sub>Sn˙ addition to its central allene carbon. This affords the allylically-stabilised radical 31c, which itself reacts with the stannane to produce (<i>Z</i>)-6-phenyl-2,3-bis(triphenylstannyl)hex-3-en-1-ol (24). EPR studies of the reaction of 5 with Ph<sub>3</sub>SnH (1 equiv.) and cat. Et<sub>3</sub>B/O<sub>2</sub> in PhMe at 250 K have failed to identify the radicals 27 and 29 in the reaction mixtures. Rather, a sharp dd is always observed whose multiplicity is consistent with it being the tris-Ph<sub>3</sub>Sn-stabilised free radical 33. The latter is suggested to arise from a reversible O-directed Ph<sub>3</sub>Sn˙ addition to 24. The radical 33 has <sup>1</sup>H<sup>β</sup> values of 1.32 mT (13.2 G) and 0.57 mT (5.7 G) and a <i>g</i> of 2.0020.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiao Song, Shun Wang, Sheng Wang, Dong Xing, Zhouyu Wang
This study introduces a novel strategy for utilizing amides as direct alkylating agents. The activation of amides with Tf2O and 2-F-Py induces the migration of the alkyl group from the nitrogen of the amide to the nitrogen of 2-F-Py. Following a one-pot hydrolysis or reduction step, N-substituted 2-pyridones or tetrahydropyridines are generated in situ. A total of 34 related compounds were synthesized with high yields across various substrates. This methodology was further applied to the synthesis of key intermediates for C3a receptor inhibitors. Mechanistic studies indicate the formation of a pyridinium salt as a reactive intermediate in the process. Overall, this work presents a novel approach to the application of amides in synthetic chemistry.
{"title":"A novel strategy for alkylation <i>via</i> amide activation: synthesis of <i>N</i>-substituted 2-pyridones and tetrahydropyridines.","authors":"Qiao Song, Shun Wang, Sheng Wang, Dong Xing, Zhouyu Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5ob00140d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00140d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study introduces a novel strategy for utilizing amides as direct alkylating agents. The activation of amides with Tf<sub>2</sub>O and 2-F-Py induces the migration of the alkyl group from the nitrogen of the amide to the nitrogen of 2-F-Py. Following a one-pot hydrolysis or reduction step, <i>N</i>-substituted 2-pyridones or tetrahydropyridines are generated <i>in situ</i>. A total of 34 related compounds were synthesized with high yields across various substrates. This methodology was further applied to the synthesis of key intermediates for C3a receptor inhibitors. Mechanistic studies indicate the formation of a pyridinium salt as a reactive intermediate in the process. Overall, this work presents a novel approach to the application of amides in synthetic chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A photocatalyst-free, metal-free visible light-promoted thiol-ene/oxidation tandem reaction for sulfoxide synthesis has been developed under mild conditions with air as oxidant. Broad substrate scope as well as gram-scale synthesis enables this environmentally friendly approach with potential for further synthetic applications.
{"title":"Visible-light-induced thiol-ene/air oxidation tandem reaction for sulfoxide synthesis: a photocatalyst-free and metal-free approach.","authors":"Ming-Hao Zhao, Xu Liu, Yu-Chen Yang, Lijia Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5ob00136f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00136f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A photocatalyst-free, metal-free visible light-promoted thiol-ene/oxidation tandem reaction for sulfoxide synthesis has been developed under mild conditions with air as oxidant. Broad substrate scope as well as gram-scale synthesis enables this environmentally friendly approach with potential for further synthetic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The in situ generated aza-π-allylpalladium species, formed via the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation of vinyloxazolidine-2,4-diones, were successfully used for the divergent reaction with 2-alkynylphenols and 2-alkynylanilines. Using Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3 as the catalyst and Cu(OTf)2 as the additive, a range of 2,3-disubstituted benzofurans and indoles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. However, when PPh3 ligand was added, a series of γ-O/N-substituted α,β-unsaturated amides were obtained in acceptable yields. This reaction demonstrates that vinyloxazolidine-2,4-diones are capable of undergoing palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic functionalization with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen nucleophiles.
{"title":"Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation of vinyloxazolidine-2,4-diones used in the divergent reaction with 2-alkynylphenols and 2-alkynylanilines.","authors":"Zhong-Lie Yang, Zhen-Hua Wang, Yan-Ping Zhang, Yong You, Jian-Qiang Zhao, Ming-Qiang Zhou, Wei-Cheng Yuan","doi":"10.1039/d5ob00051c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ob00051c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>in situ</i> generated aza-π-allylpalladium species, formed <i>via</i> the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylation of vinyloxazolidine-2,4-diones, were successfully used for the divergent reaction with 2-alkynylphenols and 2-alkynylanilines. Using Pd<sub>2</sub>(dba)<sub>3</sub>·CHCl<sub>3</sub> as the catalyst and Cu(OTf)<sub>2</sub> as the additive, a range of 2,3-disubstituted benzofurans and indoles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. However, when PPh<sub>3</sub> ligand was added, a series of γ-<i>O</i>/<i>N</i>-substituted α,β-unsaturated amides were obtained in acceptable yields. This reaction demonstrates that vinyloxazolidine-2,4-diones are capable of undergoing palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic functionalization with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen nucleophiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the various heterocyclic organoselenium compounds, a new class of benzoselenazoles has received great attention due to their chemical properties and biological applications. The ever-growing interest in the five-membered benzoselenazole heterocycles amongst chemists has made commendable impact. These heterocycles are a prominent class of organic molecules that have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Substantial progress has been made in elucidating the complex chemical properties of these heterocycles. Moreover, they have garnered significant importance in a wide range of biological applications. However, despite their biological activities, research on benzoselenazoles remains relatively limited, emphasising the need for further exploration in this area. Hence, considering the importance of benzoselenazoles, this comprehensive review compiles various synthetic procedures, highlighting the recent advances in their synthesis that have been disclosed in the literature. This review would offer chemists an array of information that will assist them in the development of more affordable and effective synthesis processes for benzoselenazoles. Therefore, it is believed that this review would provide relevant context on these achievements and will inspire synthetic organic chemists to use these effective technologies of such heterocycles for the future treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress. The biological and pharmacological properties of these organoselenium heterocycles, which include their antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial activities and their application in Alzheimer's disease treatment and as pancreatic lipase inhibitors, are thoroughly summarized. Finally, this review provides some perspectives on the challenges and future directions in the development of benzoselenazoles as heterocyclic organoselenium compounds.
{"title":"A review on benzoselenazoles: synthetic methodologies and potential biological applications.","authors":"Manisha Yadav, Vijay P Singh","doi":"10.1039/d4ob01897d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ob01897d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the various heterocyclic organoselenium compounds, a new class of benzoselenazoles has received great attention due to their chemical properties and biological applications. The ever-growing interest in the five-membered benzoselenazole heterocycles amongst chemists has made commendable impact. These heterocycles are a prominent class of organic molecules that have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Substantial progress has been made in elucidating the complex chemical properties of these heterocycles. Moreover, they have garnered significant importance in a wide range of biological applications. However, despite their biological activities, research on benzoselenazoles remains relatively limited, emphasising the need for further exploration in this area. Hence, considering the importance of benzoselenazoles, this comprehensive review compiles various synthetic procedures, highlighting the recent advances in their synthesis that have been disclosed in the literature. This review would offer chemists an array of information that will assist them in the development of more affordable and effective synthesis processes for benzoselenazoles. Therefore, it is believed that this review would provide relevant context on these achievements and will inspire synthetic organic chemists to use these effective technologies of such heterocycles for the future treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress. The biological and pharmacological properties of these organoselenium heterocycles, which include their antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial activities and their application in Alzheimer's disease treatment and as pancreatic lipase inhibitors, are thoroughly summarized. Finally, this review provides some perspectives on the challenges and future directions in the development of benzoselenazoles as heterocyclic organoselenium compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":96,"journal":{"name":"Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}