Cell and Tissue Banking最新文献

Cartilage exhibits remarkable subtype diversity-hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic-each with unique extracellular matrix architecture and mechanical function. Despite the clinical promise of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) for cartilage regeneration, whether distinct in vivo cartilage microenvironments can instruct ADMSC differentiation toward corresponding subtypes remains poorly defined. Green fluorescent protein-labeled human ADMSCs were encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel and implanted into three representative cartilage sites-auricular (elastic), articular (hyaline), and meniscal (fibrocartilage)-in an immunodeficient rat model. Regenerated tissues were harvested at 4 weeks for histology (H&E), immunofluorescence analysis of hyaline (COL II, aggrecan), fibrocartilage (COL I, tenomodulin), and elastic (fibrillin-1, elastin) markers, and RT-PCR quantification of lineage-associated gene expression. ADMSCs survived and engrafted within all three microenvironments. Articular cartilage implants exhibited strong hyaline-like differentiation, characterized by intense COL II and aggrecan expression and upregulation of SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN. Meniscal implants instead displayed a fibrocartilage-like profile with robust COL I and tenomodulin expression and elevated COL1A1, TNMD, and SCX transcripts. In contrast, auricular cartilage implants showed negligible expression of hyaline, fibrocartilage, or elastic markers, accompanied by global downregulation of chondrogenic and elastogenic genes. These results demonstrate that local cartilage niches exert distinct instructive effects on ADMSC fate: articular and meniscal environments effectively guide hyaline- and fibrocartilage-like differentiation, whereas the auricular niche under the tested conditions fails to support elastic or hyaline lineage commitment. Our findings highlight the decisive role of the tissue microenvironment in modulating ADMSC differentiation and underscore the need for bioengineered, niche-mimetic scaffolds to achieve subtype-specific cartilage regeneration-particularly for complex elastic tissues such as the auricle.

Bone is the second most frequently transplanted human tissue worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, donor and recipient consent for bone allograft donation and transplantation remains uncertain due to diverse sociocultural, religious, and socioeconomic contexts. This study assessed public attitudes toward bone allograft donation and transplantation in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire to support the planning and implementation of bone banking programs. A multicountry cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and December 2024. Six hundred adults were recruited using a non-probabilistic, stratified convenience sampling in urban and rural settings. After informed consent, participants completed a structured questionnaire, self-administered whenever possible capturing sociodemographic data, willingness to donate and receive bone allografts, and perceived reasons for refusal. Descriptive analyses and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with willingness. The mean age of participants was 36.2 years. Overall, 72.5% reported willingness to donate bone allografts and 72.8% reported willingness to accept transplantation. The main reasons for refusal included belief-related or religious considerations, fear of trafficking, and expectations of financial compensation. In multivariable analyses, willingness to donate was independently associated with country of residence, religious affiliation, and occupation, while willingness to accept transplantation was associated with country and religious affiliation. Willingness to donate and receive bone allografts in the surveyed sub-Saharan Africa settings was relatively high although marked heterogeneity existed between countries. Key barriers include religious beliefs, mistrust of health systems, and socioeconomic vulnerability. The development of bone banking programs in the region will require culturally sensitive education, transparent governance, and active community engagement to transform expressed willingness into effective donation practices.

Due to its high concentration of growth factors, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become the subject of much research, either as an isolated or adjuvant treatment for wound repair. The fractal dimension has been used as an innovative method for the characterization and quantification of tissue structural alterations without any interference from the evaluator. The objective of this study was characterizing collagen types I and III in experimentally induced wounds and treated with different PRP sources by means of fractal dimension and other histological analyzes using blades stained with picrocirius-red and hematoxylin-eosin (HE). In statistical analysis, the variables presented a non-parametric distribution; thus, Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests (p < 0,05) were performed using the Student-Newman-Keuls method. It was observed an increase of the collagen fibers by measuring the area with Threshold Color in the different treatments, especially with autologous PRP (p = 0.009) and heterologous PRP (p = 0.016). The fractal dimension of type I collagen had a significant increase for the autologous group (p = 0.028) in relation to the control, but, on average (p < 0.05), type III collagen was higher than type I. Fractal dimension was efficient to separately characterize type I and type III collagen fibers. In this study, collagenization was higher in autologous when compared to heterologous and homologous PRP treatments.

Musculoskeletal allografts are becoming increasingly essential in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery. A significant source of these allografts is tissues retrieved from deceased donors. While contributing substantially to the pool of allografts, these tissues are at increased risk of bacterial contamination. This risk is further amplified when tissues are procured from field casualties. In this study, we performed a side-by-side retrospective comparison of contamination rates in tissues retrieved from the general population and battlefield mortalities, representing field casualties. In response to the rising incidence of contaminated tissues obtained from field casualty donors, we implemented a more rigorous pre-operative washing protocol designed to maximize sterility. This protocol modification led to a significant decrease in the contamination ratio of tissues retrieved from field casualties. Our findings suggest that current pre-operative cadaver preparation guidelines may need to be reconsidered for tissue donations following unsanitary condition mortalities. Furthermore, these findings strongly suggest that field surgeries would benefit from a surgical pre-operative preparation designed specifically for incidents such as battlefields, accidents or mass casualty incident areas to minimize post-operative infections and improve surgical outcomes.

With the growing population and increased life expectancy, there has been a significant rise in orthopedic fractures and pathologies, leading to a heightened demand for effective orthopedic solutions. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as a promising approach, employing scaffolds to regenerate bone tissue. This review highlights that successful material design for BTE requires a comprehensive understanding of the composition, structure, and biomechanics of natural bone. It also necessitates the careful selection of biomimetic natural or tunable synthetic materials, including polymers, bioceramics, metals, and composites. Furthermore, optimizing the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of scaffolds is crucial, as these factors influence cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Special attention is given to the interaction between scaffolds and the host immune system, including the strategic incorporation of bioactive molecules and immunoregulatory cells. This holistic approach aims to engineer scaffolds that not only meet structural and functional demands but also foster an immune-compatible environment to enhance bone regeneration effectively. Careful selection of effective immunomodulation strategies for 3D scaffolds is crucial for creating a supportive immune microenvironment without negative effects. Various approaches can enhance the immune response, including incorporating smart nanomaterials into the surface of scaffolds, which contribute to immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Using stem cells for regenerating damaged bone tissue also improves the scaffold's immune response. Moreover, ionic and molecular doping are effective methods used to enhance immune response of scaffold in (BET), where specific ions like magnesium, zinc, and silicon are added to improve bioactivity and immune modulation capabilities. Finally, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can be activated by integrating lithium into the scaffold surface, as lithium has anti-inflammatory properties and promotes bone formation by activating these pathways.

The microbiological quality of corneal tissue for transplantation must be monitored in a validated procedure complying with the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.). An automated culture system is used to detect test strains in the presence of the medium. The Ph. Eur. mentioned C. acnes ATCC 11827 strain has allegedly been isolated from skin. This strain is known to display variable growth in routine matrix validation. As the Ph. Eur. also opens the use of clinical isolates, this study analyzed the use of clinical isolates for matrix validation.We compared the time-to-detection (TTD) in absence and presence of cornea organ culture medium (cocm) of 24 C. acnes strains, preferring clinical isolates, in an automated culture system.In the first step clinical strains (n=23) were examined, thus 4 slow-growing (TTD 305,1-336 h), 5 intermediate-fast-growing (TTD 250,1-305 h), 5 fast-growing strains (TTD 164,3-250 h) and nine non-blood-culture-detectable strains (TTD>336 h) were identified. Seven strains showed a reproducible growth signal in cocm-absence. In presence of cocm, three strains (CA02, CA10, CA22) showed a reproducible growth signal, while the reference strain was not blood-culture-detectable (bcd) in four of five experiments. The strain with the preferred growth characteristics (DSM 117854) was tested according to the Ph. Eur. conditions and showed bcd growth in all measurements (n=5) in presence of medium, in contrast to the reference strain.The use of a clinical isolate of C. acnes could improve matrix validation of cocm quality control testing and thus the care of cornea-transplant-patients. C. acnes DSM 117854 provides an isolate that promises more reliable results in matrix validation.

Allogenic bone grafting and bone banking have become vital components of modern orthopaedic reconstruction, addressing bone loss following trauma, infection, tumor resection, and revision arthroplasty. Despite expanding clinical use, a comprehensive overview of global research productivity and collaboration in this domain has not been previously undertaken. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database (2000-2025) with defined search terms related to bone banking and allogenic bone grafting in orthopaedics. Data were analyzed using Scopus analytics and VOSviewer for publication trends, source impact, geographic distribution, authorship, funding patterns, and keyword co-occurrence networks. A total of 3497 documents were identified, showing steady publication growth. The majority were original research articles (79.2%). The United States led in publication output (37.7%), followed by China and Italy. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research and Spine were the most productive journals. Keyword mapping revealed core themes in revision arthroplasty, spinal fusion, limb reconstruction, and bone defect management. Global research on allogenic bone and bone banking demonstrates robust growth, interdisciplinary collaboration, and emerging regional contributions. Future efforts should emphasize standardization, outcome-based studies, and integration of biomaterials and regenerative technologies to enhance the safety and sustainability of bone banking worldwide.

Bone regeneration remains a major clinical challenge due to the limited healing capacity of large bone defects and the limitations of conventional grafting or cell-based therapies. Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by diverse cell types, have emerged as promising cell-free mediators of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune regulation. However, the therapeutic efficacy of native exosomes is constrained by low yield, rapid clearance, and limited targeting. Because effective bone regeneration is inherently multi-factorial-requiring biomechanical stability, vascularization, and an instructive ECM and cellular microenvironment-engineered exosomes should be regarded as enabling components within integrated regenerative systems rather than a standalone solution. Recent advances in engineered exosomes (EExos) have opened new frontiers in bone tissue regeneration by enabling precise design, biofunctionalization, and targeted delivery. Engineering strategies-ranging from genetic modification of donor cells to chemical conjugation, hybrid nanocarrier formation, and controlled cargo loading-have been employed to enhance the osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential of exosomes. Furthermore, incorporation of EExos into smart delivery systems, such as hydrogel scaffolds, 3D-printed matrices, and bone-targeting ligands, offers sustained release and localized therapeutic effects within the bone microenvironment. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest developments in the design, delivery, and functional optimization of EExos for bone regeneration. Mechanistic insights into their roles in promoting bone remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune modulation are discussed alongside current translational progress, manufacturing challenges, and regulatory considerations. Finally, emerging directions-such as AI-assisted exosome engineering, CRISPR-based programming, and bioprinting-integrated therapies-are highlighted as transformative pathways toward personalized and clinically translatable bone regenerative medicine.

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that H-Y antigens may influence immunological outcomes in corneal transplantation. This study analyses the influence of donor-recipient gender mismatch in DMEK on postoperative outcomes.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 2521 eyes (1712 patients) that underwent DMEK between January 2012 and December 2021. Patients were divided into four groups according to donor-to-recipient gender combinations (male-to-female, male-to-male, female-to-male, female-to-female) and were compared in terms of graft failure rate, visual acuity (VA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and endothelial cell count (ECC) preoperatively and at 1, 12 and 36 months postoperatively, as well as in terms of postoperative complications.

Results: Of the 2521 cases, 1647 (65%) were sex-mismatched (male-to-female or female-to-male) and 874 (35%) were sex-matched (female-to-female or male-to-male). Intraoperative preparation time of the grafts (p = 0.78) and difficulties in the intraoperative handling (p = 0.43) were comparable in all groups. Re-bubbling or re-keratoplasty was required with comparable frequency (p = 0.84; p = 0.61 respectively). The occurence of primary or secondary graft failure was not statistically significant different between the groups (p = 0.57). No confirmed case of immunological graft rejection occurred. Functional postoperative outcomes for ECC (p = 0.18 after 1 month, p = 0.13 after 12 months, p = 0.27 after 36 months), CCT (p = 0.58 after 4-6 weeks, p = 0.82 after 12 months, p = 0.78 after 36 months) and VA (p = 0.64 after 4-6 weeks, p = 0.47 after 12 months, p = 0.39 after 36 months) were comparable in all groups at the follow-up.

Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort, no documented immune graft rejection was observed, and sex mismatch did not influence intraoperative handling or postoperative interventions. However, prospective studies with standardized immunologic assessment are needed to clarify the role of donor-recipient sex mismatch in DMEK outcomes.

Adipose-drive stem cells (ASCs) are similar to Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are considered as multipotent progenitors that have capable of immunomodulation, self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell lineages that can be used in cancer therapy or immune diseases. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is one of the important drugs with modulating function for treatment of various immune disease. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how dimethyl fumarate influences the immunomodulatory profile and functional properties of adipose‑derived mesenchymal stem cells under inflammatory conditions. Adipose-stimulating stem cells (ASCs) were isolated from the abdominal adipose tissue of ten patients via liposuction, and DMF was added after inducing inflammatory conditions with inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. Cell culture and RT-PCR were performed to measure the expression of immunomodulatory factors such as Galectin-1/3, HGF, HO-1, CXCL-8, and IL-6. Flow cytometry for mesenchymal stem cell nature and confirmation was done. Fat and bone staining was performed to test the functional differentiation of these cells. ASCs treated with DMF at 0.01-100 μM concentration at 2 days showed the enhancement of CXCL-8 and IL-6 gene expression notably, whereas, HGF, and Galectin-1 reduced. Moreover, Galectin-3 and HO-1 depicted no significant difference compared to the control group. Further, Alizarin Red and Oil Red staining verified the change of MSCs toward adipose and osteogenic differentiation. ASCs are positive for markers including CD73+, CD90+, and CD105+ antigens by abs staining conjugated to fluorescence dye. Our study confirmed that ASCs combined with DMF have increasingly important roles through immune-modulatory properties by secreting mediators, which can suppress, improve, alter, or change the microenvironment of disease. Despite ongoing progress, the underlying stimulatory and regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The gap between pre‑clinical findings and clinical applications highlights the need for further investigation. Extensive research is still required to elucidate how therapeutic interventions achieve efficacy, ensure safety, and identify optimal strategies for targeting different organs in combination with other pharmacological agents.