Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.37934/cfdl.16.5.107120
Irwan Yusoff, Swee Yi Jun, Mohd Hafizuddin Mat, Muhammad Irwanto Misrun, Leow Wai Zhe, Safwati Ibrahim, Nurul Husna Abd Wahab
Photovoltaic (PV) panel are crucial in the conversion of solar irradiance into electrical energy. However, the efficiency of PV panel is indirectly influenced by the surface temperature of the panels. According to typical PV module standards, the effect of panel temperature on efficiency is -0.47 %/°C, which indicates that a rise of 1°C reduces the PV panel's efficiency by 0.47 %. The efficiency of the PV panel achieves its maximum value when the panel temperature reaches 25 ℃, which is the standard test condition (STC). Moreover, a high working temperature can also reduce the lifetime of the PV panel. Based on the limitations that have been highlighted above, this project aims to design and develop a hybrid cooling PV panel by using active and passive cooling system with Arduino UNO R3. In this project, 100 W monocrystalline photovoltaic panel has been selected to analyze the result before and after installation of hybrid cooling system. Active cooling system is a water sprinkler system which is applied in front of the PV panel. Meanwhile, the passive cooling system is a combination of hydrogel beads and the heat-sink cooling system which will be installed behind the PV panel. In result, the average power output of PV panel without cooling was 30.59 W while the average power output of PV panel with hybrid cooling was 34.66 W. Moreover, the average power increased due to cooling was 13.31 %. In a nutshell, the proposed project has the ability to develop a hybrid cooling system to improve the performance and efficiency of the PV panel in order to increase the power output of the panel.
光伏（PV）板是将太阳辐照转化为电能的关键。然而，光伏电池板的效率间接受到电池板表面温度的影响。根据典型的光伏组件标准，面板温度对效率的影响为-0.47 %/°C，这表明温度每升高 1°C 光伏面板的效率就会降低 0.47 %。当电池板温度达到标准测试条件（STC）25 ℃ 时，电池板效率达到最大值。此外，工作温度过高还会缩短光伏电池板的使用寿命。基于上述局限性，本项目旨在利用 Arduino UNO R3 设计和开发一种使用主动和被动冷却系统的混合冷却光伏板。在本项目中，选择了 100 W 的单晶硅光伏板来分析安装混合冷却系统前后的结果。主动冷却系统是光伏电池板前的喷水系统。同时，被动冷却系统是水凝胶珠和散热冷却系统的组合，将安装在光伏板后面。结果显示，不带冷却装置的光伏板的平均输出功率为 30.59 W，而带混合冷却装置的光伏板的平均输出功率为 34.66 W。总之，拟议项目有能力开发一种混合冷却系统，以提高光伏电池板的性能和效率，从而增加电池板的功率输出。
{"title":"The Development of Hybrid Cooling Photovoltaic Panel by using Active and Passive Cooling System","authors":"Irwan Yusoff, Swee Yi Jun, Mohd Hafizuddin Mat, Muhammad Irwanto Misrun, Leow Wai Zhe, Safwati Ibrahim, Nurul Husna Abd Wahab","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.5.107120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.5.107120","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) panel are crucial in the conversion of solar irradiance into electrical energy. However, the efficiency of PV panel is indirectly influenced by the surface temperature of the panels. According to typical PV module standards, the effect of panel temperature on efficiency is -0.47 %/°C, which indicates that a rise of 1°C reduces the PV panel's efficiency by 0.47 %. The efficiency of the PV panel achieves its maximum value when the panel temperature reaches 25 ℃, which is the standard test condition (STC). Moreover, a high working temperature can also reduce the lifetime of the PV panel. Based on the limitations that have been highlighted above, this project aims to design and develop a hybrid cooling PV panel by using active and passive cooling system with Arduino UNO R3. In this project, 100 W monocrystalline photovoltaic panel has been selected to analyze the result before and after installation of hybrid cooling system. Active cooling system is a water sprinkler system which is applied in front of the PV panel. Meanwhile, the passive cooling system is a combination of hydrogel beads and the heat-sink cooling system which will be installed behind the PV panel. In result, the average power output of PV panel without cooling was 30.59 W while the average power output of PV panel with hybrid cooling was 34.66 W. Moreover, the average power increased due to cooling was 13.31 %. In a nutshell, the proposed project has the ability to develop a hybrid cooling system to improve the performance and efficiency of the PV panel in order to increase the power output of the panel.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":"44 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.37934/cfdl.16.5.91106
abdelmgid sidahmed
In this study, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a two-dimensional incompressible Oldroyd-B fluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of Soret, Dufour, and nanoparticles are investigated. The effects of elasticity and magnetohydrodynamics on flow are being studied. The transport equations contain Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The governing partial differential equations and associated boundary conditions are dimension less using sufficient similarity variables. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved using the successive linearization method. It has been quantitatively measured and explored how different embedded thermophysical characteristics affect fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The temperature and concentration distribution increase when the values of Du and Sr rise. As Nb estimations rise, Nusselt number estimates fall. It should be emphasized that the influence is shown to be quite modest as a retardation time is increased. A comparison of one instance of our findings with those previously published in the literature reveals a very strong agreement.
本研究探讨了二维不可压缩奥尔德罗伊德-B 流体在存在索雷特、杜福尔和纳米颗粒的情况下在拉伸片上的传热和传质特性。还研究了弹性和磁流体力学对流动的影响。传输方程包含布朗运动和热泳。利用充分的相似性变量，对支配偏微分方程和相关的边界条件进行减维。由此产生的常微分方程采用连续线性化方法求解。对不同的嵌入式热物理特性如何影响流体速度、温度、浓度、努塞尔特数和舍伍德数进行了定量测量和探索。当 Du 和 Sr 值升高时，温度和浓度分布也随之增加。随着 Nb 估计值的上升，努塞尔特数估计值也会下降。需要强调的是，随着延迟时间的增加，这种影响并不明显。将我们的一个研究结果与以前发表的文献进行比较，发现两者非常一致。
{"title":"Dufour and Soret Influence on MHD of an Oldroyd-B Fluid over a Stretching Sheet with Nanoparticles","authors":"abdelmgid sidahmed","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.5.91106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.5.91106","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a two-dimensional incompressible Oldroyd-B fluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of Soret, Dufour, and nanoparticles are investigated. The effects of elasticity and magnetohydrodynamics on flow are being studied. The transport equations contain Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The governing partial differential equations and associated boundary conditions are dimension less using sufficient similarity variables. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved using the successive linearization method. It has been quantitatively measured and explored how different embedded thermophysical characteristics affect fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The temperature and concentration distribution increase when the values of Du and Sr rise. As Nb estimations rise, Nusselt number estimates fall. It should be emphasized that the influence is shown to be quite modest as a retardation time is increased. A comparison of one instance of our findings with those previously published in the literature reveals a very strong agreement.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.37934/cfdl.16.5.135153
Rameswara Reddy Yeddula, Srinivasan Donti Ratnam
This article aims to investigate the impact of nanoparticles and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on the transfer of heat and mass using a three-dimensional upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) nanofluid flow across a stretched surface. A nonlinear radiative heat flow was included in formulating the equation that describes energy. The nonlinear partial differential equations of the issue are transformed into ordinary differential equations utilizing the similarity transformation. These equations are then solved using the well-known shooting approach in conjunction with the Runge-Kutta integration process of order four. To increase the dependability of our findings make use of the MATLAB. On the velocities, temperatures, and concentrations of the particles, the graphical and numerical representations of the effects of the main parameters, such as the Dufour parameter, the Brownian motion parameter, the Prandtl number, the thermophoresis parameter, and the magnetic parameter, are presented. It has been shown that the flow velocity decreases as a function of both the linear and nonlinear thermal radiation parameters. In addition, increasing values of the Brownian motion parameter have the effect of reducing the nanoparticle concentration profile, the same behavior has observed in the case of thermal diffusion and Diffusion thermo parameters.
{"title":"Three-dimensional MHD Mixed Convention Upper Convective Flow of Maxwell Fluid Throughout the Past in Thermophoresis and Brownian Motion with the Effects of Diffusion Thermo and Thermal Diffusion Utilizing Nonlinear Radiative Heat Flux","authors":"Rameswara Reddy Yeddula, Srinivasan Donti Ratnam","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.5.135153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.5.135153","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to investigate the impact of nanoparticles and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on the transfer of heat and mass using a three-dimensional upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) nanofluid flow across a stretched surface. A nonlinear radiative heat flow was included in formulating the equation that describes energy. The nonlinear partial differential equations of the issue are transformed into ordinary differential equations utilizing the similarity transformation. These equations are then solved using the well-known shooting approach in conjunction with the Runge-Kutta integration process of order four. To increase the dependability of our findings make use of the MATLAB. On the velocities, temperatures, and concentrations of the particles, the graphical and numerical representations of the effects of the main parameters, such as the Dufour parameter, the Brownian motion parameter, the Prandtl number, the thermophoresis parameter, and the magnetic parameter, are presented. It has been shown that the flow velocity decreases as a function of both the linear and nonlinear thermal radiation parameters. In addition, increasing values of the Brownian motion parameter have the effect of reducing the nanoparticle concentration profile, the same behavior has observed in the case of thermal diffusion and Diffusion thermo parameters.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":" 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A forward swept wing was designed to use for a supersonic aircraft. Its aerodynamic characteristics were studied through experiments and numerical simulations which excluded the subsonic speed condition. For this paper aims to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of the forward swept wing in the range of subsonic speed by using a computational fluid dynamics method. In simulation, the airfoil shape of the wing model was NACA 3412. It was varied in both swept angle and angle of attack. The airspeed was given constant at 50 m/s. The simulation results indicate that the forward swept wing model is suitable for the aerobatic aircraft because lift coefficient and the stall angle of the forward swept wing model is higher than the non-swept wing model. Moreover, the aerodynamic stall of the forward swept wing occurs at the wing root which makes the aircraft able to maintain the controllability of the aileron surface at high angle of attack. However, the aircraft with forward swept wing model tends to consume more energy as compared with non-swept wing model. Because the maximum lift to drag ratio of the forward swept wing is less than the non-swept wing. Non-swept wing model has the maximum lift to drag ratio of 8.76 at the angle of attack 2°. While the forward swept wing 35° provides the maximum lift to drag ratio of 7.47 at the angle of attack 6°.
{"title":"Aerodynamic Characteristics of Forward Swept Wing in Subsonic Speed","authors":"Choosak Ngaongam, Rapee Ujjin","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.5.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.5.18","url":null,"abstract":"A forward swept wing was designed to use for a supersonic aircraft. Its aerodynamic characteristics were studied through experiments and numerical simulations which excluded the subsonic speed condition. For this paper aims to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of the forward swept wing in the range of subsonic speed by using a computational fluid dynamics method. In simulation, the airfoil shape of the wing model was NACA 3412. It was varied in both swept angle and angle of attack. The airspeed was given constant at 50 m/s. The simulation results indicate that the forward swept wing model is suitable for the aerobatic aircraft because lift coefficient and the stall angle of the forward swept wing model is higher than the non-swept wing model. Moreover, the aerodynamic stall of the forward swept wing occurs at the wing root which makes the aircraft able to maintain the controllability of the aileron surface at high angle of attack. However, the aircraft with forward swept wing model tends to consume more energy as compared with non-swept wing model. Because the maximum lift to drag ratio of the forward swept wing is less than the non-swept wing. Non-swept wing model has the maximum lift to drag ratio of 8.76 at the angle of attack 2°. While the forward swept wing 35° provides the maximum lift to drag ratio of 7.47 at the angle of attack 6°.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vasa Vijaya Kumar, Mamidi Narsimha Raja Shekar, B Shankar Goud
Numerical solutions to the problems of heat generation and chemical reaction as well as heat and mass transfer in a 2-D viscous, electrically conducting fluid oscillating through an infinite vertical permeable moving plate in a saturated porous material subject to a transverse magnetic field are considered. The flow equations explain how things work by the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The impacts of different flow factors on flow fields are talked about. It has been found that the velocity of the fluid goes up as both the chemical reaction and the permeability factors increase. Although it keeps rising as the magnetic field factor declines. Also, the concentration keeps enhancing as the chemical reaction factors increase.
{"title":"Heat and Mass Transfer Significance on MHD Flow over a Vertical Porous Plate in the Presence of Chemical Reaction and Heat Generation","authors":"Vasa Vijaya Kumar, Mamidi Narsimha Raja Shekar, B Shankar Goud","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.5.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.5.920","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical solutions to the problems of heat generation and chemical reaction as well as heat and mass transfer in a 2-D viscous, electrically conducting fluid oscillating through an infinite vertical permeable moving plate in a saturated porous material subject to a transverse magnetic field are considered. The flow equations explain how things work by the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The impacts of different flow factors on flow fields are talked about. It has been found that the velocity of the fluid goes up as both the chemical reaction and the permeability factors increase. Although it keeps rising as the magnetic field factor declines. Also, the concentration keeps enhancing as the chemical reaction factors increase.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":"40 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.37934/cfdl.16.2.118132
Munazid Ali, Ariana I Made, Utama I Ketut Aria Pria
Energy saving contributions of Energy Saving Device (ESD) Pre-Duct are reducing energy losses and separation at the stern, increasing the ideal propeller efficiency, increasing the capture of viscous wake that passes through the propeller disk, and increasing the interaction of the propeller and ship hull. The effect of ESD Pre-Duct in front of the propeller on saving of energy is influenced by the accuracy and suitability of the geometry, position, and shape of pre-duct. In this study, the shape of the asymmetric un-circular pre-duct was develop and analysis conducted by compared the effect of the shape of pre-duct on the performance of propeller, the shape of pre-duct: circular (conventional), un-circular, and asymmetric un-circular. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling results using the ANSYS CFX software package with Propeller Open Water (POW) test simulations show that the installation of pre-ducts with several shape developments in general has a significant effect on increasing propeller performance at low propeller rotation speeds, whereas on high propeller rotation even though there is an increase in propeller performance but not significant.
{"title":"CFD Analysis on the Development of Pre-Duct Shape to Improve Propeller Performance","authors":"Munazid Ali, Ariana I Made, Utama I Ketut Aria Pria","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.2.118132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.2.118132","url":null,"abstract":"Energy saving contributions of Energy Saving Device (ESD) Pre-Duct are reducing energy losses and separation at the stern, increasing the ideal propeller efficiency, increasing the capture of viscous wake that passes through the propeller disk, and increasing the interaction of the propeller and ship hull. The effect of ESD Pre-Duct in front of the propeller on saving of energy is influenced by the accuracy and suitability of the geometry, position, and shape of pre-duct. In this study, the shape of the asymmetric un-circular pre-duct was develop and analysis conducted by compared the effect of the shape of pre-duct on the performance of propeller, the shape of pre-duct: circular (conventional), un-circular, and asymmetric un-circular. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling results using the ANSYS CFX software package with Propeller Open Water (POW) test simulations show that the installation of pre-ducts with several shape developments in general has a significant effect on increasing propeller performance at low propeller rotation speeds, whereas on high propeller rotation even though there is an increase in propeller performance but not significant.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wind-powered ship propulsion is investigated in relation to reducing ship exhaust emissions, such as the application of Flettner rotor systems. How to increase rotor thrust's contribution to ship speed is an intriguing research question. This paper investigates the influence of dimples on the surface of a Flettner rotor on its ability to generate thrust for a ship. The CFD code, which includes the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation and the k-ω model for turbulent flow, is utilized to analyse three rotor designs: one with a smooth surface and two with dimple surfaces of varying diameters. Lift and drag are computed by taking into account varying spin ratios and the incoming wind angle. The CFD results are validated by comparing them to experimental data gathered in a wind tunnel and determining that their error is less than 5%. The addition of dimpled surfaces to the rotor increases lift by 69.6% and decreases drag by 14.8% due to the smooth surface. For the case study, the two rotors are mounted on the sailing ship 900 DWT and can generate the most thrust to give the ship a speed of 8.5 knots with a spin ratio of 4 and apparent wind angles of 90o or 270o relative to its speed.
{"title":"The Dimple Effect on Flettner Rotors for the Wind Power Drive System of a Sailing Merchant Ship","authors":"aries sulisetyono, Aditya Bagaskara","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.2.7690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.2.7690","url":null,"abstract":"Wind-powered ship propulsion is investigated in relation to reducing ship exhaust emissions, such as the application of Flettner rotor systems. How to increase rotor thrust's contribution to ship speed is an intriguing research question. This paper investigates the influence of dimples on the surface of a Flettner rotor on its ability to generate thrust for a ship. The CFD code, which includes the Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equation and the k-ω model for turbulent flow, is utilized to analyse three rotor designs: one with a smooth surface and two with dimple surfaces of varying diameters. Lift and drag are computed by taking into account varying spin ratios and the incoming wind angle. The CFD results are validated by comparing them to experimental data gathered in a wind tunnel and determining that their error is less than 5%. The addition of dimpled surfaces to the rotor increases lift by 69.6% and decreases drag by 14.8% due to the smooth surface. For the case study, the two rotors are mounted on the sailing ship 900 DWT and can generate the most thrust to give the ship a speed of 8.5 knots with a spin ratio of 4 and apparent wind angles of 90o or 270o relative to its speed.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.37934/cfdl.16.2.91104
Muna Ali Talib, Adel A. Eidan, Ahmed Hasan Tawfeeq, Fatima Muhammed K. AL- Fatlawe
The flat-plate collector is one of the most frequent types of collectors because it is simple to manufacture and it is relatively inexpensive in comparison to other collectors. The primary objective of this work is to improve the collector's efficiency, which can be accomplished by increasing the heat transfer quantitatively. This can be accomplished by increasing the efficiency of the collector. In this research employs hybrid photovoltaic panels through electrical generation and, on the other hand, takes advantage of the lost heat, which has reduced efficiency to useful heat, by transporting them through fluid and benefiting from them through industrial and domestic applications. The model was studied numerically by ANSYS computational code, where simulations were carried out on CFD and steady state thermal, as well as the effect of solar radiation, at a value of 10, on the layer of photovoltaic cells. Besides, several values of flow rate (0.02, 0.025, and 0.03) were used and compared. The current findings show that the efficiency of the current panel under consideration increased significantly, and the value of flow of 0.03 was the optimal value that led to obtaining suitable efficiency and a relatively acceptable water temperature.
{"title":"Effect of Changing the Water Flow Rate on the Efficiency of Hybrid PV/T Uncovered Collectors without Glasses: Numerical Study","authors":"Muna Ali Talib, Adel A. Eidan, Ahmed Hasan Tawfeeq, Fatima Muhammed K. AL- Fatlawe","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.2.91104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.2.91104","url":null,"abstract":"The flat-plate collector is one of the most frequent types of collectors because it is simple to manufacture and it is relatively inexpensive in comparison to other collectors. The primary objective of this work is to improve the collector's efficiency, which can be accomplished by increasing the heat transfer quantitatively. This can be accomplished by increasing the efficiency of the collector. In this research employs hybrid photovoltaic panels through electrical generation and, on the other hand, takes advantage of the lost heat, which has reduced efficiency to useful heat, by transporting them through fluid and benefiting from them through industrial and domestic applications. The model was studied numerically by ANSYS computational code, where simulations were carried out on CFD and steady state thermal, as well as the effect of solar radiation, at a value of 10, on the layer of photovoltaic cells. Besides, several values of flow rate (0.02, 0.025, and 0.03) were used and compared. The current findings show that the efficiency of the current panel under consideration increased significantly, and the value of flow of 0.03 was the optimal value that led to obtaining suitable efficiency and a relatively acceptable water temperature.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norhaliza Abu Bakar, Rozaini Roslan, Zul Afiq Sazeli, Nur Raidah Salim
Understanding mixed convection in engineering applications such as heat exchangers, electronics cooling devices, and solar energy collectors have urged researchers to investigate this phenomenon deeper. This study investigates the fluid flow and heat transfer pattern in a two-dimensional (2D) rectangular cavity with sinusoidal heating on the moving top lid numerically. The bottom wall is kept cool while the vertical walls are insulated. The effect of Hartmann number, Ha on the thermal characteristics and fluid flow are analyzed for Richardson number, Ri=1 which indicate mixed convection dominated regime. The governing equations are solved numerically using a SIMPLE algorithm with the finite volume method. The numerical results are displayed in streamlines and isotherms plots. The value of the Nusselt number indicating the heat transfer rate is also discussed. It is found that Ha has a significant effect on the heat transfer process and fluid flow. It can be seen clearly when the value of Ha=30, the rate of heat transfer dropped significantly on the cold wall. Generally, the heat transfer rate decreases with the increase of Ha.
在热交换器、电子冷却装置和太阳能集热器等工程应用中，对混合对流的理解促使研究人员对这一现象进行更深入的研究。本研究以数值方法研究了在移动顶盖上进行正弦加热的二维（2D）矩形空腔中的流体流动和传热模式。底壁保持冷却，而垂直壁则是隔热的。在理查德森数 Ri=1 时，分析了哈特曼数 Ha 对热特性和流体流动的影响。利用有限体积法的 SIMPLE 算法对控制方程进行了数值求解。数值结果显示为流线图和等温线图。此外，还讨论了表示传热速率的努塞尔特数值。研究发现，Ha 对传热过程和流体流动有显著影响。可以清楚地看到，当 Ha 值=30 时，冷壁的传热速率明显下降。一般来说，传热速率随着 Ha 值的增加而降低。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.37934/cfdl.16.2.133150
Phani Kumar Meduri, Vijaya Lakshmi Kunche
In this paper, the hypothesis of the axisymmetric rectilinear oscillatory flow beyond a micropolar tainted fluid sphere particle in an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid and also the axisymmetric rectilinear oscillatory flow over a viscous tainted fluid sphere particle in an incompressible Newtonian fluid with small amplitude oscillations have been investigated. The velocity field is exhibited in terms of stream functions, and a slip condition is considered on the boundary. The fluid velocities and microrotation components were derived through analytical procedure. The drag force acting on the particle was also computed and verified for special cases. The real drag and imaginary drag values are numerically extracted for varying slip parameter i.e., 2≤s≤30, micro polarity i.e., 8≤e≤32 , and viscosity ratio i.e., 5≤μ≤20 at a fixed parameter values k=0.1,ρ=0.6,ω=0.6,t=0.6. Graphs and tables are used to display the numerical results. It was observed that there was an inverse proportion between slip parameter values, real drag and direct proportion between slip parameter and imaginary drag, for different viscosity ratio and micro polarity values.
{"title":"A Study on Oscillatory Micropolar Flow Beyond a Contaminated Micropolar Fluid Sphere","authors":"Phani Kumar Meduri, Vijaya Lakshmi Kunche","doi":"10.37934/cfdl.16.2.133150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.2.133150","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the hypothesis of the axisymmetric rectilinear oscillatory flow beyond a micropolar tainted fluid sphere particle in an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid and also the axisymmetric rectilinear oscillatory flow over a viscous tainted fluid sphere particle in an incompressible Newtonian fluid with small amplitude oscillations have been investigated. The velocity field is exhibited in terms of stream functions, and a slip condition is considered on the boundary. The fluid velocities and microrotation components were derived through analytical procedure. The drag force acting on the particle was also computed and verified for special cases. The real drag and imaginary drag values are numerically extracted for varying slip parameter i.e., 2≤s≤30, micro polarity i.e., 8≤e≤32 , and viscosity ratio i.e., 5≤μ≤20 at a fixed parameter values k=0.1,ρ=0.6,ω=0.6,t=0.6. Graphs and tables are used to display the numerical results. It was observed that there was an inverse proportion between slip parameter values, real drag and direct proportion between slip parameter and imaginary drag, for different viscosity ratio and micro polarity values.","PeriodicalId":9736,"journal":{"name":"CFD Letters","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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