Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-25-34
R. Bakhtizin, A. Lutfullin, A. Makhmutov
This article analyzed the results of laboratory studies of the core of the terrigenous Devonian of one of the oil fields of the South Tatar Arch. It is shown that the studied productive deposits have a complex geological structure. Therefore, when constructing a three-dimensional geological-hydrodynamic model, it was proposed to use the FZI parameter and the coefficients of relative and volumetric clay content. Based on the FZI parameter, four conditional groups of reservoirs characterized by certain ranges of changes in geological properties were identified within the studied productive deposits. Further, for each conditional group of reservoirs, an independent correlation of permeability and porosity coefficients was built. To use the results of detailed geological structure, this article proposes a new methodology for modeling the permeability cube, taking into account the heterogeneity of the structure of the pore space and the distribution of relative shale. The results of the permeability cube according to the proposed method are compared with the results of the permeability cube according to the traditional method. This comparison showed that using the proposed new method, not only the distribution of the permeability coefficient within the studied volume was clarified, but also the average value increased from 253.6 to 421.9 mD. It has been shown that using a new method of modeling the permeability cube, there is a better convergence with the historical data on the development of the object under study. Based on the results of the adaptation of the 3D hydrodynamic model, a detailed analysis of the current state of development and development of reserves as of the date of study was carried out. It was noted that the use of this new method makes it possible to increase the reliability of the forecast and estimate of the distribution of residual mobile oil reserves in threedimensional geological and hydrodynamic modeling.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR MODELING THE PERMEABILITY CUBE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE PORE SPACE OF THE PAY ZONES OF THE SOUTH TATAR ARCH","authors":"R. Bakhtizin, A. Lutfullin, A. Makhmutov","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-25-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-25-34","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzed the results of laboratory studies of the core of the terrigenous Devonian of one of the oil fields of the South Tatar Arch. It is shown that the studied productive deposits have a complex geological structure. Therefore, when constructing a three-dimensional geological-hydrodynamic model, it was proposed to use the FZI parameter and the coefficients of relative and volumetric clay content. Based on the FZI parameter, four conditional groups of reservoirs characterized by certain ranges of changes in geological properties were identified within the studied productive deposits. Further, for each conditional group of reservoirs, an independent correlation of permeability and porosity coefficients was built. To use the results of detailed geological structure, this article proposes a new methodology for modeling the permeability cube, taking into account the heterogeneity of the structure of the pore space and the distribution of relative shale. The results of the permeability cube according to the proposed method are compared with the results of the permeability cube according to the traditional method. This comparison showed that using the proposed new method, not only the distribution of the permeability coefficient within the studied volume was clarified, but also the average value increased from 253.6 to 421.9 mD. It has been shown that using a new method of modeling the permeability cube, there is a better convergence with the historical data on the development of the object under study. Based on the results of the adaptation of the 3D hydrodynamic model, a detailed analysis of the current state of development and development of reserves as of the date of study was carried out. It was noted that the use of this new method makes it possible to increase the reliability of the forecast and estimate of the distribution of residual mobile oil reserves in threedimensional geological and hydrodynamic modeling.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82765418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-92-98
N.R. Yаrkееvа, A.I. Bakhtegareev, A. Pavlova
Oil production is divided into several stages. Primary production is carried out at the expense of energy associated with relatively high pressure in the reservoir. This reservoir energy decreases over time, and oil extraction becomes less intense. Then secondary oil production is used. This stage consists in pumping fluids into the reservoir. These include water and gas. After these stages, and with a certain time of well operation, the efficiency of oil production decreases to the extent that it becomes unprofitable. Then comes tertiary oil production. At this stage of the development of the deposit, various reagents are used, which have a special effect on the formation and, thereby, there is a significant increase in oil recovery. Polymer flooding is one example of this stage of deposit operation. The application of this method gives a significant increase in the total amount of oil raised to the surface. The increase in oil recovery occurs due to the creation of hydraulic resistance for the flow of water from the injection well to the production well in wellwashed parts of the formation. The closure of the washed zones allows water to linger in the reservoir, thereby forcing it to find new flow paths to the producing well, while at the same time dragging oil out of stagnant zones. The polymers used are usually divided into types. Each type is determined by their structure and the method of their production. They also have various properties that determine the possibility of using a particular polymer in a particular deposit. The dependences of the increase in ORF on the properties of the reservoir and fluid were analyzed when using polymer flooding at various deposits.
{"title":"POLYMER WATERFLOODING TECHNOLOGY AS A METHOD OF INCREASING OIL RECOVERY","authors":"N.R. Yаrkееvа, A.I. Bakhtegareev, A. Pavlova","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-92-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-92-98","url":null,"abstract":"Oil production is divided into several stages. Primary production is carried out at the expense of energy associated with relatively high pressure in the reservoir. This reservoir energy decreases over time, and oil extraction becomes less intense. Then secondary oil production is used. This stage consists in pumping fluids into the reservoir. These include water and gas. After these stages, and with a certain time of well operation, the efficiency of oil production decreases to the extent that it becomes unprofitable. Then comes tertiary oil production. At this stage of the development of the deposit, various reagents are used, which have a special effect on the formation and, thereby, there is a significant increase in oil recovery. Polymer flooding is one example of this stage of deposit operation. The application of this method gives a significant increase in the total amount of oil raised to the surface. The increase in oil recovery occurs due to the creation of hydraulic resistance for the flow of water from the injection well to the production well in wellwashed parts of the formation. The closure of the washed zones allows water to linger in the reservoir, thereby forcing it to find new flow paths to the producing well, while at the same time dragging oil out of stagnant zones. The polymers used are usually divided into types. Each type is determined by their structure and the method of their production. They also have various properties that determine the possibility of using a particular polymer in a particular deposit. The dependences of the increase in ORF on the properties of the reservoir and fluid were analyzed when using polymer flooding at various deposits.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86024646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-35-43
A.V. Podnebesnyh, A. R. Khafizov, D. Sultanov
Currently, commercial production of hydrocarbons in Russia has the widest geography. This allows most entities to extract and process hydrocarbon raw materials in quantities necessary for uninterrupted economic activity and ensuring socio-economic stability. One of the few regions in which there is an insufficiently studied resource base, but at the same time there are completely no oil and gas production facilities introduced into industrial development, is Transbaikalia. This situation has led to the fact that this region is almost completely dependent on the supply of petroleum products from outside, which requires additional capital costs for the placement and maintenance of the strategic reserve of already processed raw materials, as well as the organization of uninterrupted supplies and its subsequent distribution throughout the region. One of the most poorly studied types of geological objects containing a fairly large amount of hydrocarbon resources in Russia is the intermountain rift genesis basins. It is known that the main resources of hydrocarbon raw materials in the territory of Transbaikalia are confined to just this type of facilities, the account of which goes to dozens. Such rift troughs are Mesozoic in age, and their resource potential can be hundreds of millions of tons of oil equivalent. Therefore, interest in this type of objects and their further study looks natural. In the future, hydrocarbon production at such facilities can amount to hundreds of thousands and even millions of tons of oil equivalent, which makes them extremely important not only in terms of increasing the level of oil production in general, but also as a determining factor in increasing the level of energy security of the entire region.
{"title":"RIFT DEPRESSIONS AS A PROSPECTIVE HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION FACILITY IN THE TERRITORY OF TRANSBAIKALIA","authors":"A.V. Podnebesnyh, A. R. Khafizov, D. Sultanov","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-35-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-35-43","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, commercial production of hydrocarbons in Russia has the widest geography. This allows most entities to extract and process hydrocarbon raw materials in quantities necessary for uninterrupted economic activity and ensuring socio-economic stability. One of the few regions in which there is an insufficiently studied resource base, but at the same time there are completely no oil and gas production facilities introduced into industrial development, is Transbaikalia. This situation has led to the fact that this region is almost completely dependent on the supply of petroleum products from outside, which requires additional capital costs for the placement and maintenance of the strategic reserve of already processed raw materials, as well as the organization of uninterrupted supplies and its subsequent distribution throughout the region. One of the most poorly studied types of geological objects containing a fairly large amount of hydrocarbon resources in Russia is the intermountain rift genesis basins. It is known that the main resources of hydrocarbon raw materials in the territory of Transbaikalia are confined to just this type of facilities, the account of which goes to dozens. Such rift troughs are Mesozoic in age, and their resource potential can be hundreds of millions of tons of oil equivalent. Therefore, interest in this type of objects and their further study looks natural. In the future, hydrocarbon production at such facilities can amount to hundreds of thousands and even millions of tons of oil equivalent, which makes them extremely important not only in terms of increasing the level of oil production in general, but also as a determining factor in increasing the level of energy security of the entire region.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"359 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76400494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-65-75
M. Gelfgat, A. S. Fadeikin, G.P. Tchaikovsky, T. R. Mardaganiev, E.I. Faizov, V. V. Yadrin
The article gives a comparative analysis of the results of electric drilling in the USSR and the advantages of the new electric drilling complex (EBK). Since 1948, over the next 15 years, the use of the first generation of EBK was organized in the fields of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Bashkiria and Ukraine. The efficiency of mechanical drilling was higher than that of the turbine, but the overall performance was unstable due to a number of organizational and technical problems. The improvement of the ECB continued from 1963 to 1970: a series of geared electric boilers, equipment for directional drilling, a ground control and control station, and a data transmission system for a power electric cable were developed. The telemetry system provided the ability to control bottomhole equipment and monitor the drilling process. Bashkiria fields were the main "test site" for the development of the ECB, and this drilling method was used until 2013. Drilling performance in the complex geological and technical conditions of directional drilling was higher than the GZD drilling used everywhere in the USSR. In 2017, work began on the return of a new generation ECB to the well construction market in Russia. The new ECB meets modern requirements for the construction of high-tech wells through the use of a piercing valve motor (CVED) and a high-speed data transmission channel. The ECB provides optimal parameters of rock destruction regardless of the well profile and type of drilling agent, as well as increases the efficiency of prevention and elimination of complications and creates conditions for automation of the drilling process. In parallel with the development of ECBs on drill pipes with cable sections, electric drilling is being developed on a tubing — a promising method for drilling sidetracks and branches from horizontal boreholes. The level of readiness of the PU technology for the current day corresponds to SCT 3 according to State Standart R 58048-2017.
{"title":"RETURN OF ELECTRIC DRILLING — PROSPECTS FOR DOMESTIC TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH-TECH WELL DRILLING","authors":"M. Gelfgat, A. S. Fadeikin, G.P. Tchaikovsky, T. R. Mardaganiev, E.I. Faizov, V. V. Yadrin","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-65-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-65-75","url":null,"abstract":"The article gives a comparative analysis of the results of electric drilling in the USSR and the advantages of the new electric drilling complex (EBK). \u0000Since 1948, over the next 15 years, the use of the first generation of EBK was organized in the fields of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Bashkiria and Ukraine. The efficiency of mechanical drilling was higher than that of the turbine, but the overall performance was unstable due to a number of organizational and technical problems. The improvement of the ECB continued from 1963 to 1970: a series of geared electric boilers, equipment for directional drilling, a ground control and control station, and a data transmission system for a power electric cable were developed. The telemetry system provided the ability to control bottomhole equipment and monitor the drilling process. \u0000Bashkiria fields were the main \"test site\" for the development of the ECB, and this drilling method was used until 2013. Drilling performance in the complex geological and technical conditions of directional drilling was higher than the GZD drilling used everywhere in the USSR. In 2017, work began on the return of a new generation ECB to the well construction market in Russia. The new ECB meets modern requirements for the construction of high-tech wells through the use of a piercing valve motor (CVED) and a high-speed data transmission channel. The ECB provides optimal parameters of rock destruction regardless of the well profile and type of drilling agent, as well as increases the efficiency of prevention and elimination of complications and creates conditions for automation of the drilling process. In parallel with the development of ECBs on drill pipes with cable sections, electric drilling is being developed on a tubing — a promising method for drilling sidetracks and branches from horizontal boreholes. The level of readiness of the PU technology for the current day corresponds to SCT 3 according to State Standart R 58048-2017.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91189197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-114-126
A. Fedorov, D. Mulyukov
The work considers the issue of initiating the fracture and its direction in the formation during the hydraulic fracturing operation during the development of the field. Based on the analytical decision on the stress state of the cylindrical channel in the loaded medium, an algorithm is built to calculate the direction of fracture initiation in the case of a well with a set of perforations. The algorithm considers two acceptable scenarios: the fracture can be initiated either by fracturing the wellbore or by fracturing one or more perforations. In addition to the direction of fracture formation, the algorithm allows you to calculate the formation pressure, as well as the final closing pressure of the frac crack. The work also analyzed the effect of wellbore direction on fracture parameters in several different versions of well geometry with perforation channels. The calculations show a significant effect of wellbore direction as well as Poisson ratio on the result of wellbore rupture. The contrast of the main stress tensor components transverse to the well axis also has a significant impact on the direction of fracture initiation. The developed method allows you to determine the direction of the frac fracture for combinations of wellbore trajectories and perforations. The final configuration of the perforation channels has some uncertainty about the specific direction of the channels, since in practice control of the direction of the device is rarely used. To reduce the risks of incorrect assessment of rupture parameters, the algorithm is supplemented with a sensitivity analysis to the direction of the perforation channel system. The algorithm is implemented as a separate Python program module.
{"title":"CALCULATION OF FRACTURE INITIATION DIRECTION IN PERFORATED WELL","authors":"A. Fedorov, D. Mulyukov","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-114-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-114-126","url":null,"abstract":"The work considers the issue of initiating the fracture and its direction in the formation during the hydraulic fracturing operation during the development of the field. Based on the analytical decision on the stress state of the cylindrical channel in the loaded medium, an algorithm is built to calculate the direction of fracture initiation in the case of a well with a set of perforations. The algorithm considers two acceptable scenarios: the fracture can be initiated either by fracturing the wellbore or by fracturing one or more perforations. In addition to the direction of fracture formation, the algorithm allows you to calculate the formation pressure, as well as the final closing pressure of the frac crack. The work also analyzed the effect of wellbore direction on fracture parameters in several different versions of well geometry with perforation channels. The calculations show a significant effect of wellbore direction as well as Poisson ratio on the result of wellbore rupture. The contrast of the main stress tensor components transverse to the well axis also has a significant impact on the direction of fracture initiation. The developed method allows you to determine the direction of the frac fracture for combinations of wellbore trajectories and perforations. The final configuration of the perforation channels has some uncertainty about the specific direction of the channels, since in practice control of the direction of the device is rarely used. To reduce the risks of incorrect assessment of rupture parameters, the algorithm is supplemented with a sensitivity analysis to the direction of the perforation channel system. The algorithm is implemented as a separate Python program module.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79004346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-151-158
Y. Loginov, Yu. V. Zamaraeva
In the oil industry, soluble balls made of magnesium alloys serve as plugs for temporary sealing of various sections wells. It is noted that magnesium is a metal with a low density, and therefore the gravitational force may not be enough to tightly press the ball against the valve seat. Therefore, the development of methods aimed at weighing the balls is relevant. This is achieved, for example, by manufacturing bimetallic balls, the shell of which is made of a degradable material, for example, magnesium or its alloys, a non-degradable material, for example, steel, is placed inside the shell. The purpose of the work is to compare the stress-strain state of magnesium and bimetallic (the shell is made of magnesium, inside the shell is a steel ball) balls during operation in an oil well. The scheme of operation and testing balloons under the influence of liquid under pressure is considered. The simulation was carried out in the DEFORM 2D software module. The size of the balls is selected from the actual application condition, in addition, in the case of a bimetallic ball, the diameter of the steel ball located inside the magnesium shell is set less than the inner diameter of the seat. This guarantees the passage of the ball through the seat hole after the dissolution of the magnesium shell. Calculations of the degree and rate of deformation, the average normal stress and the stress state index of magnesium and bimetallic balls are performed. The dangerous zone of the balls from the position of cracking is revealed — the zone of contact with the saddle, where the deformation is localized. In addition, it was found that in the case of loading a bimetallic ball, all deformation is concentrated in the magnesium shell, and the steel ball does not deform at all and in this case acts as a mandrel. The stress state turns out to be more favorable at the periphery of the balls, however, the maximum of the average voltage modulo a bimetallic ball is 16 % higher than this value of a magnesium ball. The center of the magnesium ball is subject to tensile stresses, which is not observed in a bimetallic ball. According to the results of the calculation of the stress state indicator in the dangerous zone of the balls, the level of σ/T of a bimetallic ball is on average 20 % higher than this indicator of a magnesium ball. Thus, a bimetallic ball in the process of loading with a liquid under pressure has a more favorable stress-strain state compared to a magnesium ball.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF MAGNESIUM AND BIMETALLIC BALLS LOADED WITH PRESSURE IN A DRILLING WELL","authors":"Y. Loginov, Yu. V. Zamaraeva","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-151-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-151-158","url":null,"abstract":"In the oil industry, soluble balls made of magnesium alloys serve as plugs for temporary sealing of various sections wells. It is noted that magnesium is a metal with a low density, and therefore the gravitational force may not be enough to tightly press the ball against the valve seat. Therefore, the development of methods aimed at weighing the balls is relevant. This is achieved, for example, by manufacturing bimetallic balls, the shell of which is made of a degradable material, for example, magnesium or its alloys, a non-degradable material, for example, steel, is placed inside the shell. The purpose of the work is to compare the stress-strain state of magnesium and bimetallic (the shell is made of magnesium, inside the shell is a steel ball) balls during operation in an oil well. The scheme of operation and testing balloons under the influence of liquid under pressure is considered. The simulation was carried out in the DEFORM 2D software module. The size of the balls is selected from the actual application condition, in addition, in the case of a bimetallic ball, the diameter of the steel ball located inside the magnesium shell is set less than the inner diameter of the seat. This guarantees the passage of the ball through the seat hole after the dissolution of the magnesium shell. Calculations of the degree and rate of deformation, the average normal stress and the stress state index of magnesium and bimetallic balls are performed. The dangerous zone of the balls from the position of cracking is revealed — the zone of contact with the saddle, where the deformation is localized. In addition, it was found that in the case of loading a bimetallic ball, all deformation is concentrated in the magnesium shell, and the steel ball does not deform at all and in this case acts as a mandrel. The stress state turns out to be more favorable at the periphery of the balls, however, the maximum of the average voltage modulo a bimetallic ball is 16 % higher than this value of a magnesium ball. The center of the magnesium ball is subject to tensile stresses, which is not observed in a bimetallic ball. According to the results of the calculation of the stress state indicator in the dangerous zone of the balls, the level of σ/T of a bimetallic ball is on average 20 % higher than this indicator of a magnesium ball. Thus, a bimetallic ball in the process of loading with a liquid under pressure has a more favorable stress-strain state compared to a magnesium ball.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78722976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-172-180
A. V. Kurochkin, A. Chirkova, A. Usmanova, S. V. Akulov, E.N. Boldyreva
Due to the limited quantitiesand high cost of energy resources, the task of reducing their consumption at existing gas processing plants is crucial. One of the methods to save energy is to optimize the distribution of heat flows at a process unit. The most energy-consuming unit in natural gas processing plants isademethanizer, so the decision to optimize the operation of this unit is practical.To this end, the article discusses the existing options of layout for the stripping section of the unstabilized gas condensatedemethanizer at natural gas processing plants with deep extraction of C2+hydrocarbons.The peculiarities of equipment layout for the stripping section of the demethanizer in all the considered options have been studied in detail. The positive and negative sides of each option have been revealed.A proprietary design is proposed for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a phase interface that performs the function of a stripping section for the demethanizer. A comparative analysis of using a horizontal thermosyphon evaporator and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a variable vapor-liquid ratio under the same operating conditions is given. As a result, it was revealed that the total weight of equipment and overall dimensions of the steel structure in the first option are greater than in the second one. It is established that the latter solution will simplify the layout of the demethanizer unit and improve the process performance of the plant, providing an advantage over the existing technology solutions. Besides, the design of this equipment makes it possible to use it in gas processing plants with low-temperature processing of natural gas.
{"title":"SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH VARIABLE VAPORLIQUID RATIO FOR NATURAL GAS PROCESSING PLANTS WITH DEEP EXTRACTION OF C2+ HYDROCARBONS","authors":"A. V. Kurochkin, A. Chirkova, A. Usmanova, S. V. Akulov, E.N. Boldyreva","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-172-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-172-180","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the limited quantitiesand high cost of energy resources, the task of reducing their consumption at existing gas processing plants is crucial. One of the methods to save energy is to optimize the distribution of heat flows at a process unit. The most energy-consuming unit in natural gas processing plants isademethanizer, so the decision to optimize the operation of this unit is practical.To this end, the article discusses the existing options of layout for the stripping section of the unstabilized gas condensatedemethanizer at natural gas processing plants with deep extraction of C2+hydrocarbons.The peculiarities of equipment layout for the stripping section of the demethanizer in all the considered options have been studied in detail. The positive and negative sides of each option have been revealed.A proprietary design is proposed for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a phase interface that performs the function of a stripping section for the demethanizer. A comparative analysis of using a horizontal thermosyphon evaporator and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a variable vapor-liquid ratio under the same operating conditions is given. As a result, it was revealed that the total weight of equipment and overall dimensions of the steel structure in the first option are greater than in the second one. It is established that the latter solution will simplify the layout of the demethanizer unit and improve the process performance of the plant, providing an advantage over the existing technology solutions. Besides, the design of this equipment makes it possible to use it in gas processing plants with low-temperature processing of natural gas.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89628195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-183-195
M. Bashirov, E. Bashirova, I. Yusupova, V. O. Dratskiy, A. I. Murtazina, S. A. Kvachinsky
During operation, oil and gas equipment has a wide range of influences, under the influence of which damage accumulates, which transforms into microcracks. Develops the development of microcracks over time can become the destruction of equipment. As established by numerous studies, defects in the structure of the metal originate and develop in the areas of concentration of mechanical inclusions. To prevent the occurrence of emergencies arising from the destruction of equipment, it is necessary to identify zones of increased mechanical detection of diseases and in pathological zones of change control in exceptional cases to detect defects at the very stage of their development. Currently, in the zone of probable concentrations, mechanical quantities are calculated by calculation, and in this case, metal is monitored by non-destructive methods. A very urgent problem in the field of industrial safety of hazardous industries is the creation of detection methods and means for detecting damage to the metal structure in a sharply deformed state. A promising direction for solving this problem is the development of high-performance methods for non-destructive testing of equipment and diagnostics of hazardous production facilities based on the collection of the electromagnetic-acoustic effect (EMA), which make it possible to control the sharply deformed state of equipment and detect metal damage at the structure level. But the current emergence of non-destructive and diagnostic reports based on the EMA effect does not matter for solving problems with sensitivity and informative control. The purpose of this article is to develop an information-measuring complex for studying changes in the acoustic and electrophysical properties of metals in changing their sharply deformed state and damage to the structure. Based on the application of the application of measurement analysis for acoustic and electrophysical studies of the properties of metals and an information-measuring complex. The research results are used to study methods for detecting and processing information intended for EMA parameters, to search for the sensitivity and information content of non-destructive testing and diagnostic tools.
{"title":"MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF MECHANICAL STRESSES AND DAMAGE OF METAL OF OIL AND GAS EQUIPMENT ON THE PARAMETERS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC CONVERSION","authors":"M. Bashirov, E. Bashirova, I. Yusupova, V. O. Dratskiy, A. I. Murtazina, S. A. Kvachinsky","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-183-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-183-195","url":null,"abstract":"During operation, oil and gas equipment has a wide range of influences, under the influence of which damage accumulates, which transforms into microcracks. Develops the development of microcracks over time can become the destruction of equipment. As established by numerous studies, defects in the structure of the metal originate and develop in the areas of concentration of mechanical inclusions. To prevent the occurrence of emergencies arising from the destruction of equipment, it is necessary to identify zones of increased mechanical detection of diseases and in pathological zones of change control in exceptional cases to detect defects at the very stage of their development. Currently, in the zone of probable concentrations, mechanical quantities are calculated by calculation, and in this case, metal is monitored by non-destructive methods. A very urgent problem in the field of industrial safety of hazardous industries is the creation of detection methods and means for detecting damage to the metal structure in a sharply deformed state. A promising direction for solving this problem is the development of high-performance methods for non-destructive testing of equipment and diagnostics of hazardous production facilities based on the collection of the electromagnetic-acoustic effect (EMA), which make it possible to control the sharply deformed state of equipment and detect metal damage at the structure level. But the current emergence of non-destructive and diagnostic reports based on the EMA effect does not matter for solving problems with sensitivity and informative control. The purpose of this article is to develop an information-measuring complex for studying changes in the acoustic and electrophysical properties of metals in changing their sharply deformed state and damage to the structure. Based on the application of the application of measurement analysis for acoustic and electrophysical studies of the properties of metals and an information-measuring complex. The research results are used to study methods for detecting and processing information intended for EMA parameters, to search for the sensitivity and information content of non-destructive testing and diagnostic tools.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87103024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-80-89
A. Tyusenkov, A. R. Vafina, D. E. Bugai, A. Badikova, M. Tsadkin
Welded structures operate, as a rule, under conditions of simultaneous exposure to aggressive media and workloads. Thus, when protecting the metal of welded joints from corrosion fatigue, a number of specific problems arise due to the heterogeneity of their structure, the presence of multilayer welds, physical and geometric stress concentrators, and the staged nature of the change in the fine structure of the metal during fatigue loading. The result is an accelerated destruction of the metal in the junction zones of various structural forms, which are unequally adapted to the action of fatigue stresses. This fully applies to such critical structures of the oil and gas industry as pipelines, tanks, gas holders, etc. The purpose of the research was to establish the features of corrosion of welded joints made by various brands of electrodes by analyzing the change in the value of the electrode potential of the metal, which reflects the level of free energy of the surface layers in dynamics. Laboratory samples of carbon steel 1.0402 were subjected to manual arc welding (OZL-6, LB-52, MP-3 electrodes) and semi-automatic welding (EMK 6D polished wire and E71T1 rutile flux-cored welding wire with rapidly crystallizing slag). Further, their microstructural analysis was carried out and the hardness of various sections of welded joints was determined. It has been established that samples welded by semi-automatic welding are less susceptible to corrosion damage, since the distribution of electrode potentials in the zones of the welded joint indicates their lower structural inhomogeneity. In this case, general uniform corrosion takes place. In addition, the use of EMK 6D and E71T1 welding wires ensures better mechanical properties of welded joints.
{"title":"SELECTION OF A WELDING ELECTRODE TO PREVENT CONTACT CORROSION OF A STEEL 1.0402 WELD JOINT","authors":"A. Tyusenkov, A. R. Vafina, D. E. Bugai, A. Badikova, M. Tsadkin","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-80-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-80-89","url":null,"abstract":"Welded structures operate, as a rule, under conditions of simultaneous exposure to aggressive media and workloads. Thus, when protecting the metal of welded joints from corrosion fatigue, a number of specific problems arise due to the heterogeneity of their structure, the presence of multilayer welds, physical and geometric stress concentrators, and the staged nature of the change in the fine structure of the metal during fatigue loading. The result is an accelerated destruction of the metal in the junction zones of various structural forms, which are unequally adapted to the action of fatigue stresses. This fully applies to such critical structures of the oil and gas industry as pipelines, tanks, gas holders, etc. The purpose of the research was to establish the features of corrosion of welded joints made by various brands of electrodes by analyzing the change in the value of the electrode potential of the metal, which reflects the level of free energy of the surface layers in dynamics. Laboratory samples of carbon steel 1.0402 were subjected to manual arc welding (OZL-6, LB-52, MP-3 electrodes) and semi-automatic welding (EMK 6D polished wire and E71T1 rutile flux-cored welding wire with rapidly crystallizing slag). Further, their microstructural analysis was carried out and the hardness of various sections of welded joints was determined. It has been established that samples welded by semi-automatic welding are less susceptible to corrosion damage, since the distribution of electrode potentials in the zones of the welded joint indicates their lower structural inhomogeneity. In this case, general uniform corrosion takes place. In addition, the use of EMK 6D and E71T1 welding wires ensures better mechanical properties of welded joints.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89121396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-15-26
A. Akhmetov, A. A. Valiev, A. Rakhimov, A. Fakhreeva, L. Lenchenkova, R. Yakubov
In most of the fields developed by the flooding method, there is an advanced flooding of borehole products associated with water breakthrough through the reservoir, backwater circulation, and also leakiness of the production column. In order to limit the extraction of "excess" water, water insulation technologies are widely used, in which hydrogels of various nature occupy a prominent place. For the rational use of water insulation technologies, it is necessary to know the rheology features and filtration characteristics of grouting materials. This article presents the results of experimental determination of a number of rheological characteristics of a composite insulating material based on sodium silicate, polyacrylamide (PAA), chromium acetate and rice husk dispersion. Rheological measurements were carried out in the oscillatory mode, which provide information about the elastic and viscous characteristics of the sample under study. The elastic modulus (accumulation modulus) characterizes the accumulated deformation energy in the system and reflects the property of the sample as a solid (elastic component). The viscous modulus (loss modulus) determines the energy dissipation and is responsible for the behavior of the sample as a liquid (viscous component). In each case, the range of linear viscoelastic behavior was determined as an interval of strain values in which the structure of the sample under study is not destroyed by deformation. Hydrodynamic modeling is increasingly used in the design of the RIW, which allows not only to reduce the time to justify the processing parameters, but also to increase its efficiency. For the convenience of subsequent hydrodynamic modeling, the results were processed using a two-component Burgers model to obtain the parameters of the elements of this model, which are a kind of «digital passport» of waterproofing materials.
{"title":"FEATURES OF RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER INSULATION MATERIALS BASED ON POLYMER-DISPERSED ORGANOMINERAL REAGENTS","authors":"A. Akhmetov, A. A. Valiev, A. Rakhimov, A. Fakhreeva, L. Lenchenkova, R. Yakubov","doi":"10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-15-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-15-26","url":null,"abstract":"In most of the fields developed by the flooding method, there is an advanced flooding of borehole products associated with water breakthrough through the reservoir, backwater circulation, and also leakiness of the production column. In order to limit the extraction of \"excess\" water, water insulation technologies are widely used, in which hydrogels of various nature occupy a prominent place. For the rational use of water insulation technologies, it is necessary to know the rheology features and filtration characteristics of grouting materials. This article presents the results of experimental determination of a number of rheological characteristics of a composite insulating material based on sodium silicate, polyacrylamide (PAA), chromium acetate and rice husk dispersion. Rheological measurements were carried out in the oscillatory mode, which provide information about the elastic and viscous characteristics of the sample under study. The elastic modulus (accumulation modulus) characterizes the accumulated deformation energy in the system and reflects the property of the sample as a solid (elastic component). The viscous modulus (loss modulus) determines the energy dissipation and is responsible for the behavior of the sample as a liquid (viscous component). In each case, the range of linear viscoelastic behavior was determined as an interval of strain values in which the structure of the sample under study is not destroyed by deformation. Hydrodynamic modeling is increasingly used in the design of the RIW, which allows not only to reduce the time to justify the processing parameters, but also to increase its efficiency. For the convenience of subsequent hydrodynamic modeling, the results were processed using a two-component Burgers model to obtain the parameters of the elements of this model, which are a kind of «digital passport» of waterproofing materials.","PeriodicalId":9748,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86845251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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