首页 > 最新文献

Ceylon Medical Journal最新文献

英文 中文
Sri Lanka has been a success story for WHO's engagement in global public health. 斯里兰卡是世卫组织参与全球公共卫生的一个成功范例。
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68iSI1.9786
Alaka Singh
{"title":"Sri Lanka has been a success story for WHO's engagement in global public health.","authors":"Alaka Singh","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI1.9786","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI1.9786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10080030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health in Sri Lanka: building on a success story. 斯里兰卡的卫生:以成功故事为基础。
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9787
Michael Marmot
No abstract available
{"title":"Health in Sri Lanka: building on a success story.","authors":"Michael Marmot","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9787","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10103172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elimination of malaria from Sri Lanka and beyond; lessons for other countries in elimination phase. 在斯里兰卡及其他地区消除疟疾;对处于消除阶段的其他国家的教训。
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9750
A R Wickremasinghe

Elimination of malaria in 2012 was a major achievement in post-independent Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka missed a golden opportunity in 1963 when only 17 cases of malaria were reported in the country, but could not sustain the momentum resulting in a major resurgence in 1967/69. With the resurgence, the then malaria eradication programme was reverted back to a control programme that lasted for another 30 years. The WHO's Roll Back Malaria Initiative launched in 1998 provided a renewed interest in malaria control and subsequent elimination. With targeted control activities, the burden of malaria started to decrease since year 2000. Although Sri Lanka had reached pre-elimination status as early as 2004, the ongoing separatist war at that time prevented a country-wide elimination drive being implemented. With cessation of hostilities in 2009 and Global Fund financing, both of which were crucial inputs, an elimination drive was launched in September 2009 which eventually eliminated indigenous malaria in November 2012 with malaria-free certification by WHO being obtained in September 2016. Since malaria elimination, the country forged on to the prevention of re-establishment phase primarily focusing on good public practice that included intensified surveillance, both parasitological and entomological; quality assured diagnostic and treatment services; and advocacy at various level including doctors. Despite these measures, an introduced case and an induced case of malaria have been reported. A new vector of urban malaria, Anopheles stephensi, was reported in December 2016. Prevention of re-establishment of malaria should be kept in the radar of public health until malaria is eradicated.

2012年消除疟疾是独立后的斯里兰卡取得的一项重大成就。1963年,斯里兰卡错过了一个千载难逢的机会,当时该国仅报告了17例疟疾病例,但未能保持导致1967/69年疟疾卷土重来的势头。随着疫情的复苏,当时的疟疾根除规划又恢复为一项持续了30年的控制规划。世卫组织1998年发起的遏制疟疾行动使人们重新关注疟疾的控制和随后的消除。通过有针对性的控制活动,疟疾负担自2000年以来开始减少。虽然斯里兰卡早在2004年就已达到消除前状态,但当时正在进行的分离主义战争阻碍了在全国范围内实施消除运动。随着2009年敌对行动的停止和全球基金的资助(这两者都是至关重要的投入),2009年9月发起了一项消除运动,最终于2012年11月消除了本土疟疾,并于2016年9月获得世卫组织的无疟疾认证。自消除疟疾以来,该国进入了预防重建阶段,主要侧重于良好的公共做法,包括加强寄生虫学和昆虫学监测;有质量保证的诊疗服务;包括医生在内的各个层面的倡导。尽管采取了这些措施,仍报告了一例引入性疟疾病例和一例诱发性疟疾病例。2016年12月报告了一种新的城市疟疾媒介,即斯氏按蚊。在根除疟疾之前,应将预防疟疾复发纳入公共卫生的关注范围。
{"title":"Elimination of malaria from Sri Lanka and beyond; lessons for other countries in elimination phase.","authors":"A R Wickremasinghe","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elimination of malaria in 2012 was a major achievement in post-independent Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka missed a golden opportunity in 1963 when only 17 cases of malaria were reported in the country, but could not sustain the momentum resulting in a major resurgence in 1967/69. With the resurgence, the then malaria eradication programme was reverted back to a control programme that lasted for another 30 years. The WHO's Roll Back Malaria Initiative launched in 1998 provided a renewed interest in malaria control and subsequent elimination. With targeted control activities, the burden of malaria started to decrease since year 2000. Although Sri Lanka had reached pre-elimination status as early as 2004, the ongoing separatist war at that time prevented a country-wide elimination drive being implemented. With cessation of hostilities in 2009 and Global Fund financing, both of which were crucial inputs, an elimination drive was launched in September 2009 which eventually eliminated indigenous malaria in November 2012 with malaria-free certification by WHO being obtained in September 2016. Since malaria elimination, the country forged on to the prevention of re-establishment phase primarily focusing on good public practice that included intensified surveillance, both parasitological and entomological; quality assured diagnostic and treatment services; and advocacy at various level including doctors. Despite these measures, an introduced case and an induced case of malaria have been reported. A new vector of urban malaria, Anopheles stephensi, was reported in December 2016. Prevention of re-establishment of malaria should be kept in the radar of public health until malaria is eradicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10069295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
WHO and Sri Lanka: Celebrating 75 years of partnership for public health and well-being. 世卫组织与斯里兰卡:庆祝公共卫生和福祉伙伴关系 75 周年。
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9785
Poonam Khetrapal Singh
{"title":"WHO and Sri Lanka: Celebrating 75 years of partnership for public health and well-being.","authors":"Poonam Khetrapal Singh","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9785","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10070278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
: Human resources for health in Sri Lanka over the post-independence period: key issues. 独立后时期斯里兰卡卫生人力资源:主要问题。
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9733
Dileep De Silva, Madawa Chandrathilake, Nilanthi De Silva
No abstract available
{"title":": Human resources for health in Sri Lanka over the post-independence period: key issues.","authors":"Dileep De Silva,&nbsp;Madawa Chandrathilake,&nbsp;Nilanthi De Silva","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9733","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10080034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health Financing Options for Sri Lanka: What, and Why? 斯里兰卡的医疗融资方案:是什么,为什么?
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9737
Sundararajan S Gopalan

The purpose of this paper is to renew and stimulate the national discourse on how to further Sri Lanka's aspirational goal of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC [1]) in line with the global sustainable development goals (SDG) to which Sri Lanka is a signatory. After a brief status update about UHC in Sri Lanka, the paper focuses on the financing function, justified on the basis of its central role in addressing the problems confronting the health system, in terms of its inherent inefficiencies as well as the specific context of the economic crisis which the country is currently facing. The paper argues for a well-managed prepaid, pooled health financing mechanism (such as the current tax-based system or social health insurance schemes), incorporating strategic purchasing approaches, leveraging the private sector (both for-profit and non-profit), in order to increase efficiency, equity and accountability by separating the financing and purchasing functions from service delivery.

本文的目的是更新和激发关于如何进一步实现斯里兰卡作为签署国的全球可持续发展目标(SDG)的全民健康覆盖(UHC[1])的理想目标的国家话语。在简要介绍了斯里兰卡全民健康覆盖的最新状况后,本文将重点放在融资功能上,根据其在解决卫生系统面临的问题方面的核心作用,以及该国目前面临的经济危机的具体背景,证明了这一点。本文主张建立一种管理良好的预付费、集中的卫生筹资机制(如目前的以税收为基础的系统或社会健康保险计划),结合战略采购方法,利用私营部门(营利和非营利),以便通过将融资和采购职能与服务提供分离开来,提高效率、公平性和问责制。
{"title":"Health Financing Options for Sri Lanka: What, and Why?","authors":"Sundararajan S Gopalan","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9737","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to renew and stimulate the national discourse on how to further Sri Lanka's aspirational goal of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC [1]) in line with the global sustainable development goals (SDG) to which Sri Lanka is a signatory. After a brief status update about UHC in Sri Lanka, the paper focuses on the financing function, justified on the basis of its central role in addressing the problems confronting the health system, in terms of its inherent inefficiencies as well as the specific context of the economic crisis which the country is currently facing. The paper argues for a well-managed prepaid, pooled health financing mechanism (such as the current tax-based system or social health insurance schemes), incorporating strategic purchasing approaches, leveraging the private sector (both for-profit and non-profit), in order to increase efficiency, equity and accountability by separating the financing and purchasing functions from service delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10065355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
WHO and Sri Lanka: Celebrating 75 years of partnership for public health and well-being 世卫组织和斯里兰卡:庆祝公共卫生和福祉伙伴关系75周年
Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68isi1.9785
Poonam Khetrapal Singh
No abstract available
没有摘要
{"title":"WHO and Sri Lanka: Celebrating 75 years of partnership for public health and well-being","authors":"Poonam Khetrapal Singh","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68isi1.9785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v68isi1.9785","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elimination of malaria from Sri Lanka and beyond; lessons for other countries in elimination phase 在斯里兰卡及其他地区消除疟疾;对处于消除阶段的其他国家的教训
Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68isi1.9750
A. Rajitha Wickremasinghe
Elimination of malaria in 2012 was a major achievement in post-independent Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka missed a golden opportunity in 1963 when only 17 cases of malaria were reported in the country, but could not sustain the momentum resulting in a major resurgence in 1967/69. With the resurgence, the then malaria eradication programme was reverted back to a control programme that lasted for another 30 years. The WHO’s Roll Back Malaria Initiative launched in 1998 provided a renewed interest in malaria control and subsequent elimination. With targeted control activities, the burden of malaria started to decrease since year 2000. Although Sri Lanka had reached pre-elimination status as early as 2004, the ongoing separatist war at that time prevented a country-wide elimination drive being implemented. With cessation of hostilities in 2009 and Global Fund financing, both of which were crucial inputs, an elimination drive was launched in September 2009 which eventually eliminated indigenous malaria in November 2012 with malaria-free certification by WHO being obtained in September 2016. Since malaria elimination, the country forged on to the prevention of re-establishment phase primarily focusing on good public health practice that included intensified surveillance, both parasitological and entomological; quality assured diagnostic and treatment services; and advocacy at various levels including doctors. Despite these measures, an introduced case and a transfusion induced case of malaria have been reported. A new vector of urban malaria, Anopheles stephensi, was reported in December 2016. Prevention of re-establishment of malaria should be kept in the radar of public health until malaria is eradicated.
2012年消除疟疾是独立后的斯里兰卡取得的一项重大成就。1963年,斯里兰卡错过了一个千载难逢的机会,当时该国仅报告了17例疟疾病例,但未能保持导致1967/69年疟疾卷土重来的势头。随着疫情的复苏,当时的疟疾根除规划又恢复为一项持续了30年的控制规划。世卫组织1998年发起的遏制疟疾行动使人们重新关注疟疾的控制和随后的消除。通过有针对性的控制活动,疟疾负担自2000年以来开始减少。虽然斯里兰卡早在2004年就已达到消除前状态,但当时正在进行的分离主义战争阻碍了在全国范围内实施消除运动。随着2009年敌对行动的停止和全球基金的资助(这两者都是至关重要的投入),2009年9月发起了一项消除运动,最终于2012年11月消除了本土疟疾,并于2016年9月获得世卫组织的无疟疾认证。自消除疟疾以来,该国进入了预防重建阶段,主要侧重于良好的公共卫生做法,包括加强寄生虫学和昆虫学监测;有质量保证的诊疗服务;以及包括医生在内的各个层面的倡导。尽管采取了这些措施,仍报告了一例传入病例和一例输血引起的疟疾病例。2016年12月报告了一种新的城市疟疾媒介,即斯氏按蚊。在根除疟疾之前,应将预防疟疾复发纳入公共卫生的关注范围。
{"title":"Elimination of malaria from Sri Lanka and beyond; lessons for other countries in elimination phase","authors":"A. Rajitha Wickremasinghe","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68isi1.9750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v68isi1.9750","url":null,"abstract":"Elimination of malaria in 2012 was a major achievement in post-independent Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka missed a golden opportunity in 1963 when only 17 cases of malaria were reported in the country, but could not sustain the momentum resulting in a major resurgence in 1967/69. With the resurgence, the then malaria eradication programme was reverted back to a control programme that lasted for another 30 years. The WHO’s Roll Back Malaria Initiative launched in 1998 provided a renewed interest in malaria control and subsequent elimination. With targeted control activities, the burden of malaria started to decrease since year 2000. Although Sri Lanka had reached pre-elimination status as early as 2004, the ongoing separatist war at that time prevented a country-wide elimination drive being implemented. With cessation of hostilities in 2009 and Global Fund financing, both of which were crucial inputs, an elimination drive was launched in September 2009 which eventually eliminated indigenous malaria in November 2012 with malaria-free certification by WHO being obtained in September 2016. Since malaria elimination, the country forged on to the prevention of re-establishment phase primarily focusing on good public health practice that included intensified surveillance, both parasitological and entomological; quality assured diagnostic and treatment services; and advocacy at various levels including doctors. Despite these measures, an introduced case and a transfusion induced case of malaria have been reported. A new vector of urban malaria, Anopheles stephensi, was reported in December 2016. Prevention of re-establishment of malaria should be kept in the radar of public health until malaria is eradicated.","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135464691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maternal Health in Sri Lanka: 75 years of national commitment towards excellence. 斯里兰卡的产妇保健:75年来国家对卓越的承诺。
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9767
Lakshmen Senanayake, Ananda Ranathunga, Athula Kaluarachchi

Sri Lanka has a legacy of religious and cultural practices promoting health, and its rulers have been responsive to health needs of the populace. The healthcare milieu that prevailed in the pre-colonial and colonial periods favorably influenced the evolution of maternal health in the last 75 years. Since independence, maternal health in the country improved in many dimensions and directions, in the backdrop of multiple sociodemographic changes and geopolitical fluxes, while far-reaching advances in the medico-technological and communication fields were taking place at global level. By 1948, maternal health services were extensive with maternity hospitals, midwifery training school and functional health units in place. The establishment of a cadre of government-trained midwives instead of training traditional birth attendants (TBAs) was a key policy decision that brought long-term dividends. The WHO supported training primary health care workers even before opening their country office in 1952. In the early days, obstetricians relied mostly on their skills to conduct dexterous maneuvers with the generous use of rotational forceps rather than resorting to abdominal deliveries. The Family Planning Association was founded in 1953, which introduced family planning services to the country till the government took over the subject in 1958. A rigorous campaign (punchi pawla raththaran), promoting sterilization was conducted for population control in 1974 ,which resulted in the total fertility rate coming down significantly. Maternal Death Surveillance and Response system (MDSR) was established in 1981 which has been recognized globally as a success and is being upscaled to a confidential Inquiry status. Commitment and untiring efforts of the Ministry of health: Family Health Bureau, professional organizations, development partners including the WHO, have contributed for the achievements in the area of women's health.

斯里兰卡有促进健康的宗教和文化习俗的传统,其统治者一直对民众的健康需求作出反应。在过去75年里,殖民前和殖民时期普遍存在的保健环境对产妇保健的发展产生了有利的影响。自独立以来,在多重社会人口变化和地缘政治变动的背景下,该国的产妇保健在许多方面和方向上都有所改善,同时在全球一级在医疗技术和通信领域取得了深远的进展。到1948年,产妇保健服务广泛开展,有妇产医院、助产培训学校和职能保健单位。建立一支由政府培训的助产士队伍,而不是培训传统接生员,这是一项带来长期红利的关键决策。世卫组织甚至在1952年设立国家办事处之前就支持培训初级卫生保健工作者。在早期,产科医生主要依靠他们的技能进行灵巧的操作,大量使用旋转钳,而不是诉诸腹部分娩。计划生育协会成立于1953年,它向全国介绍计划生育服务,直到1958年政府接管了这项工作。为了控制人口,1974年进行了一项严格的推广绝育的运动,结果使总生育率显著下降。孕产妇死亡监测和应对系统(MDSR)于1981年建立,已被全球公认为是一项成功的工作,并正在提升到保密调查的地位。卫生部的承诺和不懈努力:家庭卫生局、专业组织、包括卫生组织在内的发展伙伴为妇女保健领域的成就作出了贡献。
{"title":"Maternal Health in Sri Lanka: 75 years of national commitment towards excellence.","authors":"Lakshmen Senanayake,&nbsp;Ananda Ranathunga,&nbsp;Athula Kaluarachchi","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v68iSI 1.9767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sri Lanka has a legacy of religious and cultural practices promoting health, and its rulers have been responsive to health needs of the populace. The healthcare milieu that prevailed in the pre-colonial and colonial periods favorably influenced the evolution of maternal health in the last 75 years. Since independence, maternal health in the country improved in many dimensions and directions, in the backdrop of multiple sociodemographic changes and geopolitical fluxes, while far-reaching advances in the medico-technological and communication fields were taking place at global level. By 1948, maternal health services were extensive with maternity hospitals, midwifery training school and functional health units in place. The establishment of a cadre of government-trained midwives instead of training traditional birth attendants (TBAs) was a key policy decision that brought long-term dividends. The WHO supported training primary health care workers even before opening their country office in 1952. In the early days, obstetricians relied mostly on their skills to conduct dexterous maneuvers with the generous use of rotational forceps rather than resorting to abdominal deliveries. The Family Planning Association was founded in 1953, which introduced family planning services to the country till the government took over the subject in 1958. A rigorous campaign (punchi pawla raththaran), promoting sterilization was conducted for population control in 1974 ,which resulted in the total fertility rate coming down significantly. Maternal Death Surveillance and Response system (MDSR) was established in 1981 which has been recognized globally as a success and is being upscaled to a confidential Inquiry status. Commitment and untiring efforts of the Ministry of health: Family Health Bureau, professional organizations, development partners including the WHO, have contributed for the achievements in the area of women's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10065353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19大流行的教训。
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v68iSI1.9736
Malik Peiris
No abstract available
{"title":"Lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Malik Peiris","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v68iSI1.9736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v68iSI1.9736","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10080031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Ceylon Medical Journal
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1