Cellular and molecular biology最新文献

The aim was to provide a review of studies on the impact of intrauterine bacterial flora on endometrial tolerance in populations with failed embryo implantation and to provide direction for future clinical practice. Studies utilizing techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and macrogenomics were included through a comprehensive literature search to identify studies examining the correlation between intrauterine bacteria and endometrial tolerance. The composition of the bacterial flora in the uterine cavity plays an important role in regulating endometrial tolerance, and an increase in specific dominant bacilli in the uterine cavity correlates with an increase in conception rates, whereas dysbiosis of the intrauterine flora may lead to a variety of reproductive complications, including intrauterine inflammation, uterine adhesions, endometriosis, failure of embryo implantation, recurrent miscarriages, and embryo developmental arrest. Understanding the impact of intrauterine bacteria on endometrial tolerance can help improve clinical outcomes in patients experiencing embryo implantation failure. Further research in this area will help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted therapeutic interventions to optimize endometrial affinity and improve reproductive outcomes.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and microbiome have emerged in recent years as transformative fields with far-reaching implications for various biomedical domains. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis examining the intersection of AI and the microbiome (AIM). The study aims to provide information on this interdisciplinary field's research landscape, trends, and emerging topics. Using a systematic approach, data-driven studies were extracted from the Scopus database on 23 November 2023 and analyzed using the VOSviewer and Bibliometrix applications. The regression coefficient of 0.94 and the yearly growth rate of 7.46% in AIM production indicate a consistent increase over time. Identification of essential contributors, organizations, and nations illuminated cooperative networks and research hotspots. The trend themes are the gut microbiome, disease prediction, machine learning, transfer learning, categorization, big data, artificial neural networks, chronic rhinosinusitis, epidemiology, COPD, and bronchoalveolar lavage. These hot issues in AIM reflect the present emphasis on research and developments in our knowledge of the microbiome's function in health, sickness, and individualized treatment. The findings give researchers, policymakers, and industry experts a thorough picture of the research environment and guide future paths in AIM's fascinating and promising subject.

Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UUL) modifications play pleiotropic functions and are subject to fine regulatory mechanisms frequently altered in cancer. However, the comprehensive impact of UUL modification on breast cancer remains unclear. Transcriptomic and clinical data of breast cancer were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Molecular subtyping of breast cancer was conducted using the NMF and CIBERSORT algorithms. Prognostic genes were identified via univariate, lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Clinical pathological features, immune cell infiltration, immune therapeutic response and chemotherapy drug sensitivity were compared between groups using the Wilcoxon test. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. A total of 63 UUL modification-related genes were differentially expressed, with 29 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated genes. These genes were used to generate two UUL modification patterns that exhibited significant differences in prognostic features and immune cell infiltration. The UUL modification patterns were associated with 2038 differentially expressed genes that were significantly enriched in nuclear division, chromosome segregation, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cell cycle, and other biological processes. Of these genes, 425 were associated with breast cancer prognosis, which enabled the classification of breast cancer into two clusters with significantly distinct prognoses. We developed a prognostic model, UULscore, which comprised nine genes and showed a significant correlation with partial immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, UULscore demonstrated potential predictive value in breast cancer overall survival prediction, immune therapeutic response, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. UULscore, stage, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors for breast cancer. Based on these factors, a nomogram model was constructed, which demonstrated exceptional prognostic predictive performance. The present study identified two UUL modification-derived molecular subtypes in breast cancer, and have successfully constructed a risk-scoring model that holds potential value in prognosis, immune infiltration, immune therapeutic response, and chemotherapy sensitivity.

During cancer treatment, cachexia, characterized by muscle loss, often occurs, with one of the contributing factors being muscle toxicity caused by anticancer drugs. It affects approximately 80% of patients with cancer, particularly those with digestive organ malignancies. However, effective treatment for this condition remains elusive. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of exosomes in relieving cachexia. Specifically, we examined the exosomes derived from muscle stem cells, which are involved in muscle cell regeneration and their role in controlling anticancer drug-induced muscle toxicity. First, exosomes secreted from myoblasts under depletion conditions were characterized. Exosomes were isolated under serum starvation conditions, displaying an average size of 113 nm and containing typical exosome marker proteins. Furthermore, electron microscopy confirmed their exosomal nature. To confirm the paracrine function of myoblast-derived exosomes (MDEs), a significant increase in cell viability was observed upon their application to myoblasts. No changes were observed in the cell cycle during exosome treatment. However, it was confirmed that the quantity of viable cells increased under serum starvation conditions. This suggests that MDEs possess the function of enhancing myoblast survival and overall cell viability. Cachexia, a prevalent condition in patients with cancer, often manifests as muscle cell depletion induced by anticancer drugs. The potential of MDEs to inhibit cell death induced by anticancer drugs was investigated. The findings revealed that while high concentrations of oxaliplatin and doxorubicin, known to induce cachexia, did not restore cell viability, lower concentrations did. This study suggests that MDEs may have the potential to control cachexia, a common side effect of anticancer drugs, by reducing muscle cell damage induced by anticancer drugs.

Natural product research has an exciting and glorious past that spans over millennia. Accordingly, natural products mediated inhibition of carcinogenesis by mechanistic modulation of deregulated signaling pathways has revolutionized the field of translational oncology. Lycium barbarum has antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects. The antioxidant activity of the extract and its effect on Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) were investigated using in vivo and in vitro techniques. EAT cells were injected into Balb/C mice to create stock mice. EAT cells withdrawn from stock mice were used in equal volumes in the studies. The in vivo study consisted of control and treatment groups (200 mg/kg fractions above and below 50 kDa of extracts). The liver tissues were evaluated for histopathological (H&E), DNA damage (Comet assay), and proliferation (AgNOR staining) status. The in vitro study consisted of control and treatment groups (1500 and 2000 µg/ml of extracts). Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated. As a result, a decrease in the adhesion of EAT cells, and decreased DNA damage were observed in mice intraperitoneally administered with the fractions of Lycium barbarum. The extracts both below and above 50 kDa increased apoptotic death in cancer cells. The extract above 50 kDa was more active than those below 50 kDa. Lycium barbarum consumption may be effectual in preventing cancer formation and slowing the progression of cancer.

Our study is aimed at examining the Ice Hockey National Team players with regard to ACE I/D (rs1799752), ACTN3 (rs1815739), PPARA (rs4253778) and HIF1A (rs11549465) polymorphisms and physical tests. This study was participated by 21 players from ice hockey national team. While ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism was obtained using conventional polymerase chain reaction method (PCR), ACTN3 (rs1815739), PPARA (rs4253778) and HIF1A (rs11549465) polymorphisms were produced by real time polymerase chain reaction method (qPCR). Athletic performance analysis, on the other hand, was based on the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption capacity (VO2max), anaerobic performance, flexibility and strength tests. In our cohort, ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism was determined as 24% genotype II, 33% genotype ID, and 43% genotype DD. ACTN3 (rs1815739) polymorphism was determined as 24% genotype RR, 43% genotype RX, and 33% genotype XX. PPARA (rs4253778) polymorphism was observed as 71% genotype GG, 14.5% genotype GC, 14.5% genotype CC. HIF1A (rs11549465) polymorphism was found to be 67% genotype CC, 33% genotype CT. Concerning physical tests, the evaluation of flexibility test results among genotype groups did not yield significant differences (p=0.365). No significant difference was found among genotype groups with respect to leg strength test results (p=0.691). The evaluation of handgrip strength test results among genotype groups did not reveal significant differences (p=0.679). No significant differences were found among genotype groups when VO2 max test results were examined (p=0.686). A significant relationship was found in the speed test and HIF1A rs11549465 polymorphism evaluation (p = 0.008). No significant results were detected when comparing the speed test with other polymorphisms (p = 0.65). The results of our study support the previous studies which had focused on the potential relation between the relevant gene polymorphisms and athletic performance of ice hockey players. However, doing further studies with larger cohorts is recommended in order to understand the relationship between the relevant polymorphisms and athletic performance of ice hockey players.

Sepsis, a severe clinical syndrome, arises from pro-inflammatory and apoptotic processes. Its rapid progression from sepsis to severe stages necessitates timely intervention. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) agent triggers pro-inflammatory mediator release through Toll-like receptors, particularly TLR-2, a vital biomarker in sepsis with multiple organ failure. In LPS-induced septic shock, the NEK7-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, linked to acute lung injury, is suppressed. This pathway is implicated in sepsis-induced platelet activation and septic shock development. Antioxidants like melatonin (MEL) may positively impact reducing septic shock. In microbial-induced sepsis, melatonin can regulate pro-inflammatory mediator transcriptional activation, potentially controlling the pro-inflammatory state. In the project, the histopathological impact of melatonin in lung tissue during endotoxic shock induced by the LPS agent in Sprague-Dawley rats, and its immunoreactivity to NLRP3/NEK7/TLR-2 molecules, were assessed. Lung volumes were evaluated using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). While bleeding, cell infiltration, and thickening of the alveolar wall were observed in the lungs of the LPS group, a reduction in these symptoms was noted in the MEL+LPS group. Expressions of NEK7, TLR2, and NLRP3 increased in both the LPS and MEL+LPS groups compared to the control group. It was determined that in the MEL+LPS group, levels of NEK7, TLR2, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased compared to the LPS group. Additionally, a decrease in the total volume of lung tissue was observed in the LPS group. In this context, our study reported the therapeutic effect of melatonin on sepsis-related acute lung injury. Our study suggests that melatonin administration in the experimental endotoxemia model melatonin may help reduce lung damage by inhibiting NEK7 and TLR2 expressions.

The search for new treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to the exploration of plant-based drugs as potential options. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used as anti-AD medications. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of girinimbine, a constituent of Murraya koenigii, on AChE. AChE inhibition was assessed by in vitro experiments using the modified Ellman method, as well as in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. The results were compared to those of the well-known anti-AChE agents tacrine and propidium iodide. Girinimbine, propidium, and tacrine at concentrations of 3.8X10-5M, 1.1x10-5M, and 6.1x10-7M showed percentages of inhibition percentages of 35.6%, 28.2%, and 76.6%, respectively. The docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses indicated that girinimbine exhibited a higher binding affinity to AChE compared to propidium and tacrine. This finding was further confirmed by the docking, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of rotation analyses. In conclusion, M. koenigii girinimbine shows promise as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease. Further research, including in vivo studies and clinical trials, is needed to explore its potential as a plant-based drug candidate for AD treatment.

The human microbial flora is quite diverse and versatile, playing several beneficial roles in association with the host and deriving nutrition from it. The present study aimed to identify gut microbial flora with potential probiotic activities. Eighteen bacterial isolates were screened from ten male individuals in this study. Seven bacterial isolates, NCCP-2046, NCCP-2031, NCCP-2035, NCCP-2040, NCCP-2041, NCCP-2044, and NCCP-2046, were isolated from the gut samples of volunteer men belonging to various areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. These bacterial isolates were cultured on De Man Rogosa and Sharpe Media (MRS), Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA), and Nutrient agar, which showed efficient bacterial growth. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of these bacterial strains were studied under their optimal growth conditions, along with molecular investigations. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern was tested using Kirby-Bauer method, which verified the higher MIC against all eight antibiotics used except for oxacillin. Phylogenetic analysis of only four bacterial isolates was performed based on their 16S rRNA sequences, and their top-hit sequence similarities in NCBI and EzBioCloud.net (95-98% and 94%) verified that these bacterial candidates belong to the Priestia and Staphylococcus genera. Based on molecular evidence through phylogeny and sequence similarities with previously defined bacterial candidates, the bacterial strains MG-461621 (NCCP-2031), MG-461622 (NCCP-2035), and MG-561934 (NCCP-2046) are presumed to be members of Priestia or novel species/genera, while MG-461623 (NCCP-2039) is also found to be a previously identified species of Staphylococcus. However, due to decreased similarity with the top-hit sequences, it could also be presumed to represent a member of a novel genus.

The present study aimed to identify the active substances in orange peel powder (PO) and to extract beta-carotene (OR) from dried orange peel powder. Additionally, the study aims to examine the efficacy of these compounds as natural antioxidants. The levels of Vitamin C, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and pectin were found to be significantly greater in OR compared to PO at (P≤0.01) level. Both PO and OR demonstrated a strong correlation between increasing concentrations with the removal of free radicals. The method of scavenging free radicals displayed a higher efficacy compared to the method of lowering ferric chloride (FeCl2). Additionally, it was observed that the elimination of free radicals increased with higher concentrations. The efficacy of both PO and OR as antioxidants was also assessed through implementing the method of introducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by estimating the fragmentation factor of DNA)QB.(  There were statistically significant differences at (P≤0.01) level, demonstrated by the reduction in QB with rising levels of PO and OR. The concentration of QB is 0 at 250 µg/ml for both PO and RO. This could be due to their efficacy as antioxidants, enabling them to eradicate free radicals that degrade DNA. The findings supported the hypothesis that orange peel powder (PO) and beta-carotene pigment (OR) function as potent natural antioxidants, effectively mitigating or eliminating oxidative processes induced by free radicals. These compounds are considered safe for human consumption and do not pose any health risks.