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The health benefits of wheat versus oats 小麦与燕麦对健康的益处
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10804
Xin Qi, Richard Tester

Background and Objectives

Wheat is used extensively as the key ingredient for baked goods. Oats are used as an alternative for a range of commercial reasons, including “gluten-free.” Often the rationale driving the utilization of oats for gluten-related disorders (GRDs)/gluten intolerance, gets lost due to assertions regarding the relative nutritional benefits of eating oats rather than wheat. This review looks at the dietary benefits of eating oats versus wheat-based products to clarify the relative merits of each.

Findings

Wheat and oats are important components of the human diet. Wheat-based products cannot be replicated directly by oats. However, oats are a useful alternative where GRDs are present.

Conclusions

Wheat is supreme in creating desirable food structures although it can be problematic for individuals with GRDs. Oats can be utilized to provide alternatives. However, in products like bread, other ingredients are needed to replicate the role of gluten.

Significance and Novelty

This review provides a novel insight into the applications of wheat and oats in foods and the associated nutritional impact. The anticipated benefit is for people working in the food sector, health-based professionals, and individuals who wish to understand the role of oats as an alternative to wheat to avoid gluten.

小麦被广泛用作烘焙食品的主要成分。出于一系列商业原因,燕麦被用作替代品,包括 "无麸质"。通常,燕麦用于治疗麸质相关疾病(GRDs)/麸质不耐受症的合理性会因为食用燕麦而非小麦的相对营养益处而被忽视。本综述探讨了食用燕麦与食用小麦产品的膳食益处,以澄清两者的相对优点。小麦和燕麦都是人类膳食的重要组成部分,燕麦不能直接替代小麦制品。小麦在创造理想的食物结构方面具有至高无上的地位,但对患有遗传性粒细胞减少症的人来说可能会有问题。燕麦可以用来提供替代品。本综述对小麦和燕麦在食品中的应用以及相关的营养影响提供了新的见解。这篇综述对小麦和燕麦在食品中的应用以及相关的营养影响提供了新颖的见解,预计将对食品行业的从业人员、保健专业人员以及希望了解燕麦作为小麦替代品在避免麸质方面作用的个人有所裨益。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive characterization of bioactive peptides in rice bran protein hydrolysates: A multi-platform approach for metabolomic profiling, identification, and molecular docking analysis 米糠蛋白水解物中生物活性肽的综合表征:代谢组学剖析、鉴定和分子对接分析的多平台方法
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10802
Ajay Kumar, Narpinder Singh, Robin Joshi

Background and Objectives

To optimize the utilization of rice by-products, the rice bran protein hydrolysate (RBPH) was subjected to a process of separation and purification using ultrafiltration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Subsequently, the identification of peptide sequences was carried out using mass spectrometer hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight and nontargeted metabolomic profiling done using UHPLC-QTOF-IMS profiling to identify antioxidant and antihypertensive amino acids.

Findings

Three novel bioactive peptides, namely, STCCK, FMKSK, and KICILVFTLTTC, were identified within RBPH through enzymatic digestion using alcalase, pepsin, and trypsin. These peptides showed significant antioxidant activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Molecular docking analyses elucidated various interaction mechanisms between these peptides and the ACE receptor protein, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. This suggested that the peptides effectively suppress ACE by forming hydrogen bonds with the active pockets of human ACE with a high affinity.

Conclusion

In summary, peptides derived from rice bran protein exhibited distinguished antihypertensive and antioxidant properties, underscoring their potential for valuable utilization in addressing utilization of rice by-products.

Significance and Novelty

The study advances scientific knowledge and offers practical solutions for health improvement and sustainable agriculture.

为了优化稻米副产品的利用,使用超滤和反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)对米糠蛋白水解物(RBPH)进行了分离和纯化。随后,使用质谱混合四极杆-飞行时间质谱仪对肽序列进行了鉴定,并使用超高效液相色谱-QTOF-IMS分析仪进行了非靶向代谢组学分析,以鉴定抗氧化和抗高血压氨基酸。通过使用脂肪酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶进行酶解,在RBPH中鉴定出了三种新型生物活性肽,即STCCK、FMKSK和KICILVFTLTTC。这些肽具有明显的抗氧化活性和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制活性。分子对接分析阐明了这些肽与 ACE 受体蛋白之间的各种相互作用机制,包括氢键和疏水相互作用。总之,从米糠蛋白中提取的多肽具有卓越的抗高血压和抗氧化特性,突出了它们在解决稻米副产品利用问题方面的宝贵利用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Gap derivative optimization for modeling wheat grain protein using near-infrared transmission spectroscopy 利用近红外透射光谱对小麦谷物蛋白质建模进行间隙导数优化
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10795
Vishal Kondal, Antil Jain, Monika Garg, Sundeep Kumar, Amit Kumar Singh, Rakesh Bhardwaj, G. P. Singh

Background and Objective

Near-infrared spectroscopy is an established tool for the estimation of different nutrients in diverse sample matrices. Of these, near-infrared transmittance (NIT) has very wide usage in whole grain analysis for oil, protein, and other macronutrients. NIT spectra obtained from samples are regressed with actual laboratory values for developing prediction models. However, the spectra obtained are sloppy, slightly noisy, and show baseline drifts. To increase the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, derivatives are common preprocessing tools, typically implemented along with smoothing.

Findings

A systematic study on different derivatives (1, 2, and 3) and gaps (2–90) was performed. The germplasm set with high variability for protein content (8.63%–19.56%) was used, and regression models were developed using the modified partial least squares method. Among all, the second-order derivative gave best-fit models; hence, the results of the gap with second-order derivatives are studied in detail. The plot of R2 for external validation set with different gaps at second-order gave three peaks, namely, at 47, 60, (69, 70, 71) where the highest R2 (0.985) was obtained for the third peak having three consecutive gap segments.

Conclusion

Hence, math treatment (2, 70, 2, 1) was finalized considering stability where a high residual prediction deviation of 7.149 and a low bias of (0.021) was obtained. A paired t test and reliability test between predicted and laboratory values confirmed nonsignificant differences between them. Thus, the developed model is robust and precise and can be utilized in high throughput screening of wheat germplasm.

Significance and Novelty

Better performance at second derivative and higher gap can be used for developing robust models with low bias by avoiding multi-collinearity, which is usually a limitation in multi-variate analysis.

近红外光谱是一种成熟的工具,可用于估算各种样品基质中的不同营养成分。其中,近红外透射率(NIT)在油脂、蛋白质和其他宏量营养素的全谷物分析中应用非常广泛。从样品中获得的近红外光谱与实验室实际值进行回归,以建立预测模型。然而,所获得的光谱不稳定、略有噪声并显示基线漂移。为了提高分辨率和信噪比,导数是常用的预处理工具,通常与平滑一起使用。使用了蛋白质含量变异性较高(8.63%-19.56%)的种质集,并使用修正的偏最小二乘法建立了回归模型。其中,二阶导数给出的模型拟合效果最好;因此,对二阶导数的差距结果进行了详细研究。二阶不同间隙的外部验证集的 R2 图给出了三个峰值,即 47、60、(69、70、71),其中有三个连续间隙段的第三个峰值的 R2 最高(0.985)。因此,考虑到稳定性,最终确定了数学处理(2、70、2、1),得到了 7.149 的高残差预测偏差和 0.021 的低偏差。预测值和实验室值之间的配对 t 检验和可靠性检验证实两者之间没有显著差异。因此,所开发的模型稳健而精确,可用于小麦种质的高通量筛选。通过避免多变量分析中通常存在的多重共线性限制,二阶导数和更高的差距可用于开发低偏差的稳健模型。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of variety, growing location and year on composition, certain antinutritional factors, and functionality of faba beans (Vicia faba) grown in Canada 品种、种植地点和年份对加拿大种植的蚕豆(Vicia faba)的成分、某些抗营养因子和功能的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10803
Dora Fenn, Ning Wang, Lisa Maximiuk

Background and Objectives

Faba bean is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It serves as a staple food in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean region. Faba bean production in Canada has recently increased due to the interest in sustainable plant-based proteins. Identifying faba bean varieties that can grow across different environments and provide good quality, nutrition, and functionality is important. This study aimed to determine the effect of variety, growing location, and year on the composition, certain anti-nutrients, and functionality of the faba bean varieties grown in Canada.

Findings

Variety, growing location, and year had significant effects on the protein content, crude fat, ash, phytic acid, stachyose, verbascose, trypsin inhibitor activity, and functional properties of faba beans, including oil emulsion and water holding capacity. Starch content, total dietary fiber, and least gelling concentration were significantly affected by variety and growing location, whereas raffinose, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and stability were significantly affected by variety and growing year. Significant interactions of variety, growing location, and year were observed for most characteristics. Environment played a greater role in affecting faba bean characteristics than variety except for starch content, total dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and foaming stability.

Conclusions

It was found that varietal and environmental factors affected each trait differently. Selecting suitable varieties and growing conditions would improve the quality of faba bean.

Significance and Novelty

Information from this study will be useful to breeders, growers, and food manufacturers to improve the production and utilization of faba beans.

咖啡豆含有丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质。它是亚洲、非洲和地中海地区的主食。由于人们对可持续植物蛋白的兴趣,加拿大的蚕豆产量最近有所增加。确定能够在不同环境中生长并提供优质、营养和功能性的蚕豆品种非常重要。本研究旨在确定品种、种植地点和年份对加拿大种植的蚕豆品种的成分、某些抗营养素和功能性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the impact of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng leaf extract on bread quality 评估 Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng 叶提取物对面包质量的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10794
Luciana G. de Mendonça, Marcos H. B. Holanda, Marcos V. de. S. Leão, Andrêssa Maria M. T. Galvão, Samuel V. Carneiro, Diana J. S. Guimarães, Rafael A. Zambelli

Background and Objectives

The potential of Plectranthus amboinicus aqueous extract (PAAE) to enhance the quality properties of wheat bread was investigated. PAAE was incorporated as an ingredient in bread formulations to improve shelf life.

Findings

The results indicate that the technological characteristics of bread formulations were enhanced with the inclusion of up to 75% PAAE. This enhancement led to increased specific volume and expansion properties. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated improved interaction between gluten and starch. PAAE exhibited potential in retarding bread hardening and preventing mold growth.

Conclusions

PAAE holds promise as a novel ingredient for use in baked products. Its inclusion in bread formulations significantly improved technological characteristics, including specific volume and color, and positively influenced the interaction between gluten and starch. Additionally, PAAE showed potential in extending the shelf life of bread and inhibiting fungal growth.

Significance and Novelty

This study is significant due to the introduction of a novel ingredient, PAAE, in the field of baking. The incorporation of this extract represents an innovation in the quest for improvements in the nutritional and technological properties of baked goods. The ability of PAAE to function as an antifungal agent holds great relevance for the food industry.

研究人员调查了旱莲草水提取物(PAAE)提高小麦面包质量特性的潜力。结果表明,加入高达 75% 的 PAAE 可提高面包配方的技术特性。结果表明,添加高达 75% 的 PAAE 后,面包配方的技术特性得到了改善,比容和膨胀特性也得到了提高。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,面筋和淀粉之间的相互作用得到了改善。PAAE 具有延缓面包硬化和防止霉菌生长的潜力。在面包配方中加入 PAAE 能明显改善面包的工艺特性,包括比容和色泽,并对面筋和淀粉之间的相互作用产生积极影响。此外,PAAE 还具有延长面包保质期和抑制真菌生长的潜力。这项研究的意义在于在烘焙领域引入了一种新型配料 PAAE,这种提取物的加入代表了在寻求改善烘焙食品的营养和技术特性方面的一种创新。PAAE 作为抗真菌剂的能力对食品工业具有重大意义。
{"title":"Assessing the impact of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng leaf extract on bread quality","authors":"Luciana G. de Mendonça,&nbsp;Marcos H. B. Holanda,&nbsp;Marcos V. de. S. Leão,&nbsp;Andrêssa Maria M. T. Galvão,&nbsp;Samuel V. Carneiro,&nbsp;Diana J. S. Guimarães,&nbsp;Rafael A. Zambelli","doi":"10.1002/cche.10794","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cche.10794","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The potential of <i>Plectranthus amboinicus</i> aqueous extract (PAAE) to enhance the quality properties of wheat bread was investigated. PAAE was incorporated as an ingredient in bread formulations to improve shelf life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate that the technological characteristics of bread formulations were enhanced with the inclusion of up to 75% PAAE. This enhancement led to increased specific volume and expansion properties. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated improved interaction between gluten and starch. PAAE exhibited potential in retarding bread hardening and preventing mold growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PAAE holds promise as a novel ingredient for use in baked products. Its inclusion in bread formulations significantly improved technological characteristics, including specific volume and color, and positively influenced the interaction between gluten and starch. Additionally, PAAE showed potential in extending the shelf life of bread and inhibiting fungal growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Significance and Novelty</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is significant due to the introduction of a novel ingredient, PAAE, in the field of baking. The incorporation of this extract represents an innovation in the quest for improvements in the nutritional and technological properties of baked goods. The ability of PAAE to function as an antifungal agent holds great relevance for the food industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9807,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distribution of cereal phytochemicals and micronutrients in whole grains: A review of nutraceutical, industrial, and agricultural implications 全谷物中谷物植物化学物质和微量营养素的分布:营养保健、工业和农业影响综述
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10790
Si Nhat Nguyen, Pamela Drawbridge, Trust Beta

Background and Objectives

There is mounting evidence that whole cereal grains are a source of many micronutrients and phytochemicals that confer several health benefits. This work aimed to investigate the distribution patterns and related implications of selected bioactive compounds from various cereal grains and discuss the techniques used to study their distribution.

Findings

Hand dissection and imaging techniques are the methods used to locate bioactive compounds in whole grains with high accuracy. Pearling and milling are methods of industrial importance. Phenolic compounds are concentrated in cereal bran, whereas the germ is rich in carotenoids and tocols (particularly tocopherols). Knowing the distribution pattern of compounds allows a better understanding of their bioaccessibility and associated bioactivity, as well as developing means to recover them and enhance their occurrence in the aleurone layer.

Conclusions

Gradient patterns exist in the distribution of phytochemicals and micronutrients derived from cereal grains. This knowledge can be translated into a number of purposeful and practical applications.

Significance and Novelty

This study employed a comparative approach to examine the repartition of various compounds in whole grains of assorted cereals with an emphasis on minor crops. The implications are relatable and applicable in diverse sectors to ultimately improve the well-being of cereal consumers.

越来越多的证据表明,全谷物是许多微量营养素和植物化学物质的来源,可带来多种健康益处。这项工作旨在研究各种谷物中特定生物活性化合物的分布模式和相关影响,并讨论用于研究其分布的技术。手工解剖和成像技术是用于高精度定位全谷物中生物活性化合物的方法,而去珠和碾磨则是具有工业重要性的方法。酚类化合物主要集中在谷糠中,而胚芽则富含类胡萝卜素和生育酚(尤其是生育酚)。了解了化合物的分布模式,就能更好地了解它们的生物可及性和相关生物活性,并开发出回收这些化合物的方法,提高它们在胚芽层中的含量。这项研究采用了一种比较方法来研究各种谷物全粒中各种化合物的再分配情况,重点是次要作物。这项研究采用了比较的方法来研究各种谷物全谷物中各种化合物的再分配情况,重点是次要作物。研究的意义是相关的,适用于不同的行业,最终改善谷物消费者的福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of drought stress and growth temperature during kernel development on physical and chemical starch characteristics of malting barley 麦粒发育过程中的干旱胁迫和生长温度对大麦淀粉物理和化学特性的影响
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10793
Stefan Hör, Thomas Beer, Felix Hoheneder, Thomas Becker, Martina Gastl
Starch is the main component of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and its physical and chemical characteristics are particularly important in further processing in the beverage industry. This study investigates how the parameters (i) growing temperature (high/low) and (ii) water deficit (drought stress) during grain filling affect starch characteristics by cultivating nine different commonly used malting barley varieties in greenhouses under defined conditions. Particle size distribution of the starch granules, their phase transition characteristics (DSC), the pasting temperature (RVA), and the amylose/amylopectin (AM/AP) ratio were examined to assess starch characteristics.Two‐way ANOVA analyses revealed that drought stress during the grain‐filling phase resulted in significantly smaller starch granules, lower onset, peak, and endset temperatures (DSC), and increased pasting temperature (PT) while not affecting the AM/AP ratio. High growth temperature during grain filling resulted in significantly higher onset, peak, and endset temperatures (DSC), lower phase transition enthalpies, significantly higher PTs, and lower AM/AP ratios.Growth temperature during kernel development affected starch phase transition characteristics the most, while water availability was significantly associated with starch granule sizes.Climate change is increasing the events and severity of heat and drought in Europe. Agricultural practices and modern barley varieties must be adapted to these requirements to maintain processability for food production.
淀粉是发芽大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)的主要成分,其物理和化学特性对饮料行业的深加工尤为重要。本研究在规定条件下,通过在温室中培育九种不同的常用发芽大麦品种,研究了(i) 生长温度(高/低)和(ii) 谷粒灌浆期间的水分亏缺(干旱胁迫)参数如何影响淀粉特性。双向方差分析显示,谷粒灌浆期的干旱胁迫会导致淀粉颗粒明显变小,起始温度、峰值温度和终结温度(DSC)降低,灌浆温度(PT)升高,但不会影响淀粉/直链淀粉的比例。籽粒灌浆期的生长温度过高会导致起始温度、峰值温度和终结温度(DSC)明显升高,相变焓降低,糊化温度(PT)明显升高,AM/AP 比率降低。农业实践和现代大麦品种必须适应这些要求,以保持食品生产的可加工性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of spray-dried oat milk powder with improved stability 开发稳定性更好的喷雾干燥燕麦奶粉
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10792
Maojun Tian, Aili Wang, Sha Xiao, Wenwen Yu, Chunhua Tan, Liang Zou

Background and Objectives

Oat milk is a plant-based milk alternative and rich in various nutrients, however, the liquid product with a shorter shelf life limits its sales and consumption. This study is designed to develop an oat milk powder (OMP) using spray drying and improve the stability of reconstituted OMP by adding stabilizers.

Findings

Results revealed that the optimal spray drying temperature was 160°C and the feed rate was 14 mL/min. The developed OMP showed higher bulk density compared to commercial soymilk powder. Furthermore, OMP maintained high contents of nutrients, including total phenol, β-glucan, and various essential amino acids. The addition of stabilizers in OMP significantly decreased the turbidity and increased the pH stability, thermal stability, and freeze-thaw stability of reconstituted OMP.

Conclusion

The developed OMP product has abundant nutrients as well as stable physiochemical properties. Xanthan gum is the most effective stabilizer in improving the stability of reconstituted OMP across a wide range of pH and temperature.

Significance and Novelty

This study was the first to process oat milk into powder products and compare the effectiveness of different stabilizers in improving its stability. Our results suggest that OMP is a promising plant-based beverage with stable physiochemical properties.

背景和目的燕麦奶是一种植物性牛奶替代品,富含各种营养成分,但液态产品的保质期较短,限制了其销售和消费。本研究旨在利用喷雾干燥技术开发燕麦奶粉(OMP),并通过添加稳定剂提高重组 OMP 的稳定性。与商用豆奶粉相比,所开发的 OMP 具有更高的体积密度。此外,OMP 还保持了较高的营养成分含量,包括总酚、β-葡聚糖和各种必需氨基酸。在 OMP 中添加稳定剂可明显降低混浊度,提高重构 OMP 的 pH 稳定性、热稳定性和冻融稳定性。本研究首次将燕麦乳加工成粉末产品,并比较了不同稳定剂在提高其稳定性方面的效果。我们的研究结果表明,OMP 是一种具有稳定理化特性的前景广阔的植物饮料。
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引用次数: 0
Novel alleles of MFT-A and MFT-B1 appear to impact wheat preharvest sprouting in Triticum aestivum and Triticum turgidum ssp. durum MFT-A和MFT-B1的新等位基因似乎会影响小麦收获前的萌发
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10789
Brandon J. Tillett, Justin M. Vetch, John M. Martin, Michael J. Giroux

Background and Objectives

Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is the premature germination of seeds, which is often caused by late-season rains after seeds reach physiological maturity. PHS negatively impacts grain yield and end-use quality. Previous studies in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) have identified that some mutations in the mother of FT and TFL1 gene (MFT) coding sequence decrease seed dormancy and increase wheat PHS.

Findings

Here, we report two novel alleles for the MFT-A and two novel alleles for the MFT-B1 homologs in spring bread wheat and durum wheat.

Conclusions

A haplotype analysis suggests that TaMFT-3A1b (OQ729929), TaMFT-3B1b (OQ729932) and TdMFT-3B1b (OQ729937) increase PHS susceptibility. It is expected that functional copies of MFT promote seed dormancy. Variant analysis of the novel MFT-A and MFT-B1 alleles in both spring and durum wheat suggest impairment of protein function, therefore a negative impact on seed dormancy.

Significance and Novelty: Previously unassessed durum wheat varieties were examined for PHS susceptibility. The information in this study can serve as a resource for spring and durum wheat breeders to make selections for alleles of MFT that impact susceptibility to PHS.

背景与目标 收获前萌芽(PHS)是指种子过早萌发,通常是在种子达到生理成熟后由晚季降雨引起的。PHS 对谷物产量和最终使用质量有负面影响。以前对春季面包小麦(Triticum aestivum)和硬质小麦(Triticum turgidum)的研究发现,FT 和 TFL1 基因母基因(MFT)编码序列中的一些突变会降低种子休眠并增加小麦的萌发早衰。结论单倍型分析表明,TaMFT-3A1b (OQ729929)、TaMFT-3B1b (OQ729932) 和 TdMFT-3B1b (OQ729937) 会增加 PHS 易感性。预计 MFT 的功能拷贝会促进种子休眠。对春小麦和硬粒小麦中新型 MFT-A 和 MFT-B1 等位基因的变异分析表明,蛋白质功能受损,因此对种子休眠有负面影响。本研究的信息可作为春小麦和硬质小麦育种者的资源,用于选择影响 PHS 易感性的 MFT 等位基因。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting wheat flour quality for making Japanese sponge cake using flour pasting properties as measured by the Rapid Visco Analyzer 利用快速粘度分析仪测量的面粉粘贴特性预测用于制作日本海绵蛋糕的小麦粉质量
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1002/cche.10791
Andrew L. Mense, Andrew S. Ross, Jayne E. Bock

Background and Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate a series of Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) methods for their ability to produce results that were predictive of Japanese sponge cake (JSC) quality. Two solvents (water and 50% [w/w] sucrose in water) and two temperature profiles [Standard 1 (STD 1) and an internal cake temperature profile] were selected to run across a diverse set of flour samples from two crop years that possessed variable bake performance. The results were analyzed for predictive outcomes for JSC prepared using a mechanical fold method.

Findings

The solvent retention capacity (SRC) results did not show any significant trends with JSC quality. The RVA results from both profiles using water as the solvent did not show a significant correlation with JSC quality while the 50% (w/w) sucrose solvent was significantly correlated (p ≤ .01). The STD 1 and internal cake temperature profile batter pasting viscosity (BPV) using the sucrose solvent showed significant (p ≤ .01) correlations with mechanical folded JSC volume (r = .97), firmness (r = −.88), and overall score (r = .85).

Conclusions

The RVA BPV results showed that a 50% sucrose solvent could more accurately be used to predict and screen for JSC quality outcomes. Both RVA profiles could be used with a sucrose solvent to predict JSC quality. JSC volume and overall score showed significant positive correlations with BPV while firmness had a significant negative correlation.

Significance and Novelty

This research identified two RVA profiles that when paired with a 50% (w/w) sucrose solvent could be used to screen for JSC quality using less flour and taking less time than a bake test. This test could potentially assist breeders and millers in quicky screening flours for efficient decision making. This is the first time an RVA temperature profile that mimics the internal rise in temperature for a JSC during baking has been used to predict JSC quality. In addition, the STD 1 profile using the 50% (w/w) sucrose solvent has not been previously used to predict JSC quality.

背景和目标 本研究的目的是评估一系列快速粘度分析仪(RVA)方法的能力,以得出可预测日本海绵蛋糕(JSC)质量的结果。研究人员选择了两种溶剂(水和 50%[w/w]蔗糖水)和两种温度曲线(标准 1 (STD 1) 和内部蛋糕温度曲线),对来自两个作物年度、具有不同烘焙性能的各种面粉样品进行了测试。研究结果分析了使用机械折叠法制备的 JSC 的预测结果。以水为溶剂的两种曲线的 RVA 结果与 JSC 质量没有明显的相关性,而 50%(w/w)蔗糖溶剂的 RVA 结果与 JSC 质量有明显的相关性(p ≤ .01)。使用蔗糖溶剂的 STD 1 和内部蛋糕温度曲线面糊粘度(BPV)与机械折叠 JSC 体积(r = .97)、紧实度(r = -.88)和总分(r = .85)呈显著相关性(p ≤ .01)。两种 RVA 曲线均可与蔗糖溶剂一起用于预测 JSC 质量。这项研究确定了两种 RVA 曲线,与 50%(重量比)蔗糖溶剂配对使用时,可用于筛选 JSC 质量,与烘焙测试相比,使用的面粉更少,花费的时间更短。该测试可帮助育种者和制粉者快速筛选面粉,从而有效地做出决策。这是首次使用 RVA 温度曲线模拟烘焙过程中 JSC 内部温度的上升来预测 JSC 质量。此外,使用 50%(w/w)蔗糖溶剂的 STD 1 曲线以前也未用于预测 JSC 的质量。
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Cereal Chemistry
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