Ceskoslovenska farmacie最新文献

The antiviral efficacy of phosphonoformic acid (PFA) was examined on tissue cultures of the human embryonal lungs against the viruses herpes simplex type 1 and 2, herpes zoster, and the human cytomegalovirus using the method of the inhibition of the cytopathic effect and against herpes simplex type 1 and 2 on the tissue cultures of Vero cells using the methods of the inhibition of plaque formation. PFA was demonstrated to inhibit the reproduction of the viruses under study in both tests on tissue cultures. In persistence studies, the cytomegalovirus was not isolated back from the cells of the human embryonal lungs, which gave evidence of its greater sensitivity to PFA. In in vivo experiments, PFA in the form of a 3% ointment suppressed herpetic dermatitis on the guinea-pig skin, when treatment started 6, 24 and 48 hours after infection. In a preliminary experiment on rabbit corneas, an ointment with 3% PFA inhibited herpetic keratoconjunctivitis in time intervals of 1 and 3 hours after infection.

The present paper investigates the effect of 13 liquid and semisolid additives on the pharmaceutical availability of atropine from dermal silicone matrices. The hydrophobic additives isopropylmyristate, linseed oil, methylsilicone oil, olive oil, liquid paraffin, the tensides Abil B 8842, Spans 20, 40, 60, Tweens 40 and 80, and the hydrophilic additives polyethylene glycol 200 and 400 were employed for the study. The additives were incorporated into the silicone matrices in the amount of 5%. The paper aimed to replace polyethylene glycol, used in dermal silicone matrices at present, with a different additive. When using liquid or semisolid additives, a 2 to 3.5-fold increase in pharmaceutical availability of atropine in contrast to the control sample was achieved. The highest values of pharmaceutical availability were obtained with the use of isopropylmyristate, polyethylene glycol 400, olive and linseed oils, and Span 20. The paper discusses the effect of the individual additives on the mechanism of release of atropine from silicone matrices.

The determination of an increased level of a fragment of the Hageman's factor (HFf) in preparations prepared from blood plasma can be an index of their potential reactivity in clinical application. The demonstration of the presence of HFf is based on the fact that the preparation containing this factor is able to activate the prekallikrein substrate. When the concentration of prekallikrein is sufficient, the amount of the developed active enzyme kallikrein is proportional to the amount of HFf. The amount of kallikrein is determined by cleaving the specific chromogenic substrate NO-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA. The presence of salts negatively influences the rate of the activating stage of the reaction. The described preparation of the prekallikrein concentrate from the human blood plasma is a modification of the method of Levy and Sober) for the separation of the human immunoglobulin fraction. The blood plasma with an addition of hexadimethrinebromide is sorbed on DEAE Sephadex equilibrated with 0.0175 mol/l phosphate buffer pH 6.3 with hexadimethrinebromide in a vessel with an intact surface. Prekallikrein together with IgG are not sorbed on the anion exchanger under the above-mentioned conditions. The obtained supernatant can be employed as the prekallikrein substrate to determine the HFf activity in blood derivatives.

The present paper examines the effect of gamma radiation on the proteolytic effectiveness of pepsin of an activity of 6640, 8940 and 11,333 units in 1 g, expressed according to the Czechoslovak Pharmacopoeia. The samples were irradiated with graded doses from 5.2 to 128.7 kGy so that the course of inactivation could be determined. Effectiveness was determined six times in each sample and parallel experiments were statistically evaluated. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. The relative width of the interval of reliability only exceptionally exceeds 5%. A decrease in effectiveness shown in Fig. 1 shows that the course of the decrease in effectiveness did not depend in the interval used on the initial activity of the enzyme. In the semilogarithmic arrangement in Fig. 2, the dependence of the decrease in effectiveness on the dose possesses a linear course. The decrease in effectiveness in dependence on the dose of radiation can be approximately read in the graph in Fig. 3. The Czechoslovak Pharmacopoeia prescribes a dose of 24 kGy to achieve sterility by means of ionizing radiation. When microbiological indefectibility is the case, a smaller dose suffices, depending on the level of the initial contamination and the resistance of the present microorganisms. It usually does not exceed 10 kGy, in our case even 5 kGy. Nevertheless, there occurs a loss of effectivity, in the extreme case 10-13%. The largest dose used in the present paper decreased effectiveness by 60%. If ionizing radiation is to be used to decontaminate pepsin, a certain decrease in activity must be taken into account. In addition, a toxicological evaluation must be recommended.

A radioimmunoanalytical determination of the immunoreactive calcitonine in the humen serum was worked out using the authors' own specific antiserum, the preparation and properties of which are reported in the present paper. The precision and reliability of the analytical procedure is within the usual limits (the intraserial variation coefficient was 8.6%, the calculated sensitivity was 6 pg/ml). The reported procedure was employed to determine calcitonine in a larger number of patients who were examined because of suspected medullar carcinoma of the thyroid gland and in patients suffering from other thyropathies. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of heterogeneity of calcitonine in the circulation.