Chemistry & Biodiversity最新文献

As pharmaceutical consumption rises globally, the environmental presence of stable drugs like paracetamol (PCM) has become a growing concern. In this study, bio-based polymeric particles synthesized from okra waste were investigated for the first time as a novel sorbent for PCM removal from aqueous media. Okra extract obtained from food processing waste was used to prepare p(Okra)/Cu composite particles via redox polymerization in an emulsion system. Structural and physicochemical characterizations, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analyses, confirmed the successful formation of the sorbent material. Sorption behavior was assessed using isotherm, and thermodynamic models. The maximum sorption capacities were 1350 mg/g for p(Okra)/Cu₃ and 1300 mg/g for p(Okra)/Cu₇. Thermodynamic evaluations indicated a spontaneous and exothermic process, with negative ΔS° values suggesting decreased disorder at the solid–liquid interface. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of okra waste-derived particles as a low-cost, eco-friendly, and efficient solution for pharmaceutical removal. The results highlight the potential of agricultural waste valorization in the development of sustainable materials for wastewater treatment.

This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition and evaluate the biological activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Erodium guttatum (HEE) from Algeria. Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS) analysis identified 16 phenolic compounds, with shikimic acid, gallic acid, luteolin, and isoquercitrin as the main components. The extract showed high levels of total phenolics (208.09 ± 0.25 µg GAE/mg), flavonoids (97.07 ± 1.4 µg QE/mg), and flavonols (78.27 ± 0.05 µg QE/mg). Antioxidant assays revealed strong activity with IC₅₀ values of 3.88 ± 0.03 µg/mL (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]), 6.33 ± 0.13 µg/mL (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid [ABTS]), and A_0.5 = 10.11 ± 0.53 µg/mL (ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]). The HEE extract exhibited inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (IC₅₀ = 21.42 ± 0.41 µg/mL) and high photoprotective potential, with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 43.23 ± 0.05. Antimicrobial tests revealed broad-spectrum activity, particularly against Listeria monocytogenes (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 0.35 mg/mL). In vivo experiments showed a significant analgesic effect after 1 h (200 mg/kg) and anti-inflammatory efficacy in the formalin-induced paw edema model (p < 0.001). Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between major compounds and key targets, including phospholipase, listeriolysin O, internalin, sortase B, collagenase-1, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2. Overall, E. guttatum emerges as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications.

Three new ent-atisane diterpenoids (1−3) and five known ones (4−8) were obtained from the bioactive fraction of E. micractina. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by a comprehensive analysis of the spectroscopic data, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography, and electronic circular dichroism data. Among them, compound 1 was the first example of an ent-atisane diterpenoid with an α-oriented hydroxyl group at C-7. In addition, the cytotoxicity of all the isolated ent-atisane diterpenoids was evaluated against human cervical carcinoma, human acute promyelocytic leukemia, and human hepatoma cell lines. Compound 3 demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity against the selected cell lines with an IC₅₀ value from 7.5 to 10.1 µM.

Athyrium multidentatum, a perennial herb used as a traditional wild vegetable, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but its full bioactivity spectrum remains unstudied. To expand its application, this study explored its inhibition capacity against foodborne bacteria, aiming to identify candidates for natural antimicrobial preservatives and provide a basis for comprehensive utilization. A. multidentatum extract (AME) was analyzed for flavonoid profile via LC–MS. Its antibacterial activity was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride assay. AME's effects on bacterial cell membrane permeability, respiratory inhibition, and metabolic pathways were analyzed via conductivity measurements, spectrophotometry, SDS-PAGE, and scanning electron microscopy. AME exhibited inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, with MIC values of 4 mg/mL for S. aureus and 8 mg/mL for B. cereus. The extract increased leakage of alkaline phosphatase, electrolytes, nucleic acids, and proteins (indicating disrupted cell permeability) and inhibited bacterial respiration, mainly by disrupting the glycolysis pathway. Thus, A. multidentatum shows potential for developing natural antimicrobials and food preservatives.

The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a crucial transformation toward sustainability, driven by the urgent need to reduce environmental harm while maintaining innovation in drug discovery and development. Next-generation green pharma integrates biodiversity, green chemistry, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence (AI) to create more eco-friendly and efficient drug production processes. Nature remains a vast source of bioactive compounds, with plants, microbes, and marine organisms offering promising therapeutic potential. Advances in synthetic biology, CRISPR gene editing and metabolic engineering enable the sustainable synthesis of natural compounds, reducing reliance on resource-intensive extraction methods. In addition, green chemistry techniques, such as biocatalysis and supercritical fluid extraction, minimize hazardous waste and lower energy consumption. AI and machine learning accelerate drug discovery by efficiently identifying novel compounds, reducing the need for traditional, time-consuming experimental methods. However, the shift to sustainable pharma faces challenges, including ethical concerns over bioprospecting, conservation efforts, and fair benefit-sharing of biodiversity resources. As industries and policymakers increasingly focus on sustainability, the pharmaceutical sector is poised to embrace greener practices, ensuring both human health advancements and environmental protection. This paper explores the transformative potential of green pharmaceuticals and their role in shaping a sustainable future for medicine.

Herein, report a simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 1,3 thiazole from the easily accessible α-ketothioamides. The thioamide synthetic equivalents react smoothly with bromoacetals and 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione to afford a series of substituted thiazoles 4a–l and 6a–l, demonstrating a high degree of thioamide functionalization. The reported procedure stands up due to the rapid reaction time with metal-free mild conditions rendering it an attractive option for thiazole synthesis. The resulting compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects through in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. Among the synthesized molecules, compound 6j exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect, surpassing the standard drug rivastigmine in activity.