H. G. A. S. Samarasinghe, K. Gunathilake, D. C. K. Illeperuma
Morinda citrifolia (L.), also known as Noni or Ahu in Sri Lanka, is infrequently consumed as a dietary supplement within the country due to its association with myths and perceived toxicity. Nonetheless, in Sri Lanka, limited scientific research has been undertaken in the past to explore the therapeutic potential of noni, with public awareness primarily focused on its exportdriven cultivation. The study focused on evaluating the proximate composition, bioactive constituents, and therapeutic potential of hydro-methanolic extracts from pasteurized noni fruit juice, employing an 80% methanol extraction method, filtration, and assessment through standard assays to elucidate its potentia health benefits. The juice showed noteworthy antioxidant potential through DPPH scavenging activity (57.90 ± 0.40 μg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity (42.95 ± 1.33 μg/mL), as well as high nitric oxide inhibition activity (164.56 ± 3.22 μg/mL), suggesting its anti-inflammatory properties. The juice also displayed potential as an anti-diabetic agent by inhibiting alpha-amylase (27.68 ± 0.36 μg/mL) and alpha-glucosidase (25.67 ± 1.03 μg/mL). Furthermore, it exhibited potential in protecting against certain pathological processes through heat-induced hemolysis inhibition (36.08 ± 1.08 μg/mL), protein denaturation inhibition (56.14 ± 1.11 μg/mL), and proteinase inhibitory activity (38.04 ± 0.56 μg/mL). These findings support the potential use of pasteurized fruit juice as a functional food ingredient, offering benefits to both the food industry and consumers. Further research can be directed towards the development of Noni fruit-incorporated food products that possess desirable sensory attributes to mitigate any potential aversion associated with its taste and odor profiles.
{"title":"Proximate composition, bioactive constituents, and therapeutic potentials of pasteurized Noni juice derived from Morinda citrifolia (L.) growing in Sri Lanka","authors":"H. G. A. S. Samarasinghe, K. Gunathilake, D. C. K. Illeperuma","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8141","url":null,"abstract":"Morinda citrifolia (L.), also known as Noni or Ahu in Sri Lanka, is infrequently consumed as a dietary supplement within the country due to its association with myths and perceived toxicity. Nonetheless, in Sri Lanka, limited scientific research has been undertaken in the past to explore the therapeutic potential of noni, with public awareness primarily focused on its exportdriven cultivation. The study focused on evaluating the proximate composition, bioactive constituents, and therapeutic potential of hydro-methanolic extracts from pasteurized noni fruit juice, employing an 80% methanol extraction method, filtration, and assessment through standard assays to elucidate its potentia health benefits. The juice showed noteworthy antioxidant potential through DPPH scavenging activity (57.90 ± 0.40 μg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity (42.95 ± 1.33 μg/mL), as well as high nitric oxide inhibition activity (164.56 ± 3.22 μg/mL), suggesting its anti-inflammatory properties. The juice also displayed potential as an anti-diabetic agent by inhibiting alpha-amylase (27.68 ± 0.36 μg/mL) and alpha-glucosidase (25.67 ± 1.03 μg/mL). Furthermore, it exhibited potential in protecting against certain pathological processes through heat-induced hemolysis inhibition (36.08 ± 1.08 μg/mL), protein denaturation inhibition (56.14 ± 1.11 μg/mL), and proteinase inhibitory activity (38.04 ± 0.56 μg/mL). These findings support the potential use of pasteurized fruit juice as a functional food ingredient, offering benefits to both the food industry and consumers. Further research can be directed towards the development of Noni fruit-incorporated food products that possess desirable sensory attributes to mitigate any potential aversion associated with its taste and odor profiles.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"58 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. M. L. Wijesinghe, W. Gunathilake, W. B. M. C. R. D. Weerasekera, U. J. M. A. L. Jayasinghe
Orthodontic plates are fixed onto the teeth in a dynamic environment in the oral cavity. The Orthodontic appliances, which includes both the brackets and the arch wires, are exposed to different pH fluctuations in the mouth. These appliances are manufactured using metal alloys that made out from nickel, iron, cadmium and titanium. These are commercially available in Sri Lanka and in the international market in different prices covering a large price range. Recent studies are investigating on the biocompatibility of these materials with the aim of determining the upper limit of the biological tolerance and to find methods to maintain ion release within acceptable limits. According to the previous studies there are evidences that the Ni and Cr ions release from Ni-Cr alloy in the presence of different acidity of artificial saliva. In this research in vitro corrosion process of selected orthodontic wires in artificial saliva solutions were evaluated with the aim of identifying a relationship between the quality and the price of selected orthodontic appliances available in Sri Lankan market. Eighteen specimens from different brands were selected and immersed in each of different types of artificial saliva at different pH, for different storage periods. All the sample tubes were incubated at 37°C. The release of metal ions from specimens with time were studied by conductivity, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) and mass loss measurements. According to the results, all specimens prepared using Ni -Ti wires release Ni²⁺ in the range between 9 ppm – 20 ppm during one year study period. Ni²⁺ concentration in all saliva solutions has increased with time and in specimens B, D, E, F the Ni²⁺ releasing rates were decreased with time. According to this study, all brands of brackets which were used in this study may lead to develop nickel hypersensitivity with time.
{"title":"Corrosion analysis of orthodontic brackets and arch wires – An in vitro study","authors":"D. M. L. Wijesinghe, W. Gunathilake, W. B. M. C. R. D. Weerasekera, U. J. M. A. L. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8316","url":null,"abstract":"Orthodontic plates are fixed onto the teeth in a dynamic environment in the oral cavity. The Orthodontic appliances, which includes both the brackets and the arch wires, are exposed to different pH fluctuations in the mouth. These appliances are manufactured using metal alloys that made out from nickel, iron, cadmium and titanium. These are commercially available in Sri Lanka and in the international market in different prices covering a large price range. Recent studies are investigating on the biocompatibility of these materials with the aim of determining the upper limit of the biological tolerance and to find methods to maintain ion release within acceptable limits. According to the previous studies there are evidences that the Ni and Cr ions release from Ni-Cr alloy in the presence of different acidity of artificial saliva. In this research in vitro corrosion process of selected orthodontic wires in artificial saliva solutions were evaluated with the aim of identifying a relationship between the quality and the price of selected orthodontic appliances available in Sri Lankan market. Eighteen specimens from different brands were selected and immersed in each of different types of artificial saliva at different pH, for different storage periods. All the sample tubes were incubated at 37°C. The release of metal ions from specimens with time were studied by conductivity, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) and mass loss measurements. According to the results, all specimens prepared using Ni -Ti wires release Ni²⁺ in the range between 9 ppm – 20 ppm during one year study period. Ni²⁺ concentration in all saliva solutions has increased with time and in specimens B, D, E, F the Ni²⁺ releasing rates were decreased with time. According to this study, all brands of brackets which were used in this study may lead to develop nickel hypersensitivity with time.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"40 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. M. L. Wijesinghe, W. Gunathilake, W. B. M. C. R. D. Weerasekera, U. J. M. A. L. Jayasinghe
Orthodontic plates are fixed onto the teeth in a dynamic environment in the oral cavity. The Orthodontic appliances, which includes both the brackets and the arch wires, are exposed to different pH fluctuations in the mouth. These appliances are manufactured using metal alloys that made out from nickel, iron, cadmium and titanium. These are commercially available in Sri Lanka and in the international market in different prices covering a large price range. Recent studies are investigating on the biocompatibility of these materials with the aim of determining the upper limit of the biological tolerance and to find methods to maintain ion release within acceptable limits. According to the previous studies there are evidences that the Ni and Cr ions release from Ni-Cr alloy in the presence of different acidity of artificial saliva. In this research in vitro corrosion process of selected orthodontic wires in artificial saliva solutions were evaluated with the aim of identifying a relationship between the quality and the price of selected orthodontic appliances available in Sri Lankan market. Eighteen specimens from different brands were selected and immersed in each of different types of artificial saliva at different pH, for different storage periods. All the sample tubes were incubated at 37°C. The release of metal ions from specimens with time were studied by conductivity, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) and mass loss measurements. According to the results, all specimens prepared using Ni -Ti wires release Ni²⁺ in the range between 9 ppm – 20 ppm during one year study period. Ni²⁺ concentration in all saliva solutions has increased with time and in specimens B, D, E, F the Ni²⁺ releasing rates were decreased with time. According to this study, all brands of brackets which were used in this study may lead to develop nickel hypersensitivity with time.
{"title":"Corrosion analysis of orthodontic brackets and arch wires – An in vitro study","authors":"D. M. L. Wijesinghe, W. Gunathilake, W. B. M. C. R. D. Weerasekera, U. J. M. A. L. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8316","url":null,"abstract":"Orthodontic plates are fixed onto the teeth in a dynamic environment in the oral cavity. The Orthodontic appliances, which includes both the brackets and the arch wires, are exposed to different pH fluctuations in the mouth. These appliances are manufactured using metal alloys that made out from nickel, iron, cadmium and titanium. These are commercially available in Sri Lanka and in the international market in different prices covering a large price range. Recent studies are investigating on the biocompatibility of these materials with the aim of determining the upper limit of the biological tolerance and to find methods to maintain ion release within acceptable limits. According to the previous studies there are evidences that the Ni and Cr ions release from Ni-Cr alloy in the presence of different acidity of artificial saliva. In this research in vitro corrosion process of selected orthodontic wires in artificial saliva solutions were evaluated with the aim of identifying a relationship between the quality and the price of selected orthodontic appliances available in Sri Lankan market. Eighteen specimens from different brands were selected and immersed in each of different types of artificial saliva at different pH, for different storage periods. All the sample tubes were incubated at 37°C. The release of metal ions from specimens with time were studied by conductivity, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) and mass loss measurements. According to the results, all specimens prepared using Ni -Ti wires release Ni²⁺ in the range between 9 ppm – 20 ppm during one year study period. Ni²⁺ concentration in all saliva solutions has increased with time and in specimens B, D, E, F the Ni²⁺ releasing rates were decreased with time. According to this study, all brands of brackets which were used in this study may lead to develop nickel hypersensitivity with time.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"39 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139871779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. R. L. S. Kumari, A. Senaratne, W. R. P. Wijesinghe
Phosphorus (P) is one of the key bio elements that limits agricultural production. Although Sri Lanka is endowed with rock phosphate deposits, practical means to utilize this resource are limited. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) play an important role in enhancing the bioavailability of soil phosphorus to plants. In this study, fungi from eight soil samples in Kaikawala, Sri Lanka, were isolated using spread plate method and analyzed for its phosphate solubility capacity. One fungal isolate with significant halo zones on Pikovskaya’s agar (PVK) plates, containing 0.5% tricalcium phosphate, was identified. After purification, the isolate was transferred to three media setups: PVK with 0.5% apatite (ERP) as the phosphate source, PVK with 0.5% tricalcium phosphate as a positive control, and PVK without P source as a negative control and analyzed for the solubilization index (SI). DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers with 5.8S region of ribosomal DNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) was analyzed with universal primer pair ITS4-F/ITS5-R to determine the identity of the species. Fungal isolate PSF01 showed a phosphate solubilizing activity on both PVK media, ERP (1.07 ± 0.03 cm SI) and tricalcium phosphate (1.07 ± 0.01 cm), with similar effects (p > 0.05). However, the SI in the negative control was 1.00 ± 0.00 cm without halo zone (p < 0.05). The fungal strain is fast growing with initially white but quickly changing to black colonies after producing conidial spores on potato dextrose agar with distinctive conidial heads and pale-yellow lower surface characterized as Aspergillus. Sanger DNA sequencing identified the fungus as Aspergillus niger (99%) and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA11 software using reference data obtained from NCBI GenBank data to identify the isolated PSF01. Consequently, our preliminary studies demonstrate the importance of examining more soil samples to identify PSF for sustainable agricultural applications in the future.
磷（P）是限制农业生产的关键生物元素之一。虽然斯里兰卡拥有丰富的磷酸盐岩矿藏，但利用这一资源的实际手段却很有限。磷酸盐溶解真菌（PSF）在提高植物对土壤磷的生物利用率方面发挥着重要作用。在这项研究中，研究人员采用展板法从斯里兰卡凯卡瓦拉的八个土壤样本中分离出真菌，并对其磷酸盐溶解能力进行了分析。其中一个真菌分离物在含有 0.5% 磷酸三钙的皮科夫斯卡娅琼脂（PVK）平板上有明显的光晕区。纯化后，该分离物被转移到三种培养基中：以含 0.5% 磷灰石（ERP）的 PVK 为磷酸盐源，以含 0.5% 磷酸三钙的 PVK 为阳性对照，以不含磷酸盐源的 PVK 为阴性对照，并分析增溶指数（SI）。用通用引物对 ITS4-F/ITS5-R 分析了核糖体 DNA 5.8S 区内部转录间隔（ITS1-5.8S-ITS2）的 DNA 序列，以确定物种的身份。真菌分离物 PSF01 在 PVK 培养基、ERP（1.07 ± 0.03 cm SI）和磷酸三钙（1.07 ± 0.01 cm）上均表现出磷酸盐溶解活性，且效果相似（p > 0.05）。然而，阴性对照的 SI 为 1.00 ± 0.00 厘米，无晕带（p < 0.05）。该真菌菌株生长迅速，在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上产生分生孢子后，菌落最初为白色，但很快变为黑色，具有明显的分生孢子头和淡黄色下表面，特征为曲霉。Sanger DNA 测序确定该真菌为黑曲霉（99%），并利用从 NCBI GenBank 数据库中获得的参考数据，使用 MEGA11 软件构建了系统发生树，以确定分离出的 PSF01。因此，我们的初步研究表明，必须对更多的土壤样本进行检测，以确定未来可持续农业应用中的 PSF。
{"title":"Isolation of a potential rock phosphate solubilizing Aspergillus sp. towards development of biofertilizer","authors":"L. R. L. S. Kumari, A. Senaratne, W. R. P. Wijesinghe","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8168","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is one of the key bio elements that limits agricultural production. Although Sri Lanka is endowed with rock phosphate deposits, practical means to utilize this resource are limited. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) play an important role in enhancing the bioavailability of soil phosphorus to plants. In this study, fungi from eight soil samples in Kaikawala, Sri Lanka, were isolated using spread plate method and analyzed for its phosphate solubility capacity. One fungal isolate with significant halo zones on Pikovskaya’s agar (PVK) plates, containing 0.5% tricalcium phosphate, was identified. After purification, the isolate was transferred to three media setups: PVK with 0.5% apatite (ERP) as the phosphate source, PVK with 0.5% tricalcium phosphate as a positive control, and PVK without P source as a negative control and analyzed for the solubilization index (SI). DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers with 5.8S region of ribosomal DNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) was analyzed with universal primer pair ITS4-F/ITS5-R to determine the identity of the species. Fungal isolate PSF01 showed a phosphate solubilizing activity on both PVK media, ERP (1.07 ± 0.03 cm SI) and tricalcium phosphate (1.07 ± 0.01 cm), with similar effects (p > 0.05). However, the SI in the negative control was 1.00 ± 0.00 cm without halo zone (p < 0.05). The fungal strain is fast growing with initially white but quickly changing to black colonies after producing conidial spores on potato dextrose agar with distinctive conidial heads and pale-yellow lower surface characterized as Aspergillus. Sanger DNA sequencing identified the fungus as Aspergillus niger (99%) and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA11 software using reference data obtained from NCBI GenBank data to identify the isolated PSF01. Consequently, our preliminary studies demonstrate the importance of examining more soil samples to identify PSF for sustainable agricultural applications in the future.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"196 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibukunoluwa F Olawuyi, G. M. Olapade, O. R. Karim, O. A. Abiodun, K. O. Salami, O. Akintayo
In continuous search for solutions to malnutrition, mainly prevalent among the people of developing countries, various views have been expressed regarding the necessity to improve the nutritional quality of indigenous foods such as gari through better processing and enrichment with cheap and readily available plant materials such as cowpea hull. Gari was produced using the traditional method and enriched with freshly produced cowpea hull in dry form to improve the nutritional composition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of stages of inclusion of cowpea hull on some quality attributes of gari. Factorial design of 2 stages of inclusion (before and after fermentation) with 4 levels (0 %, 3 %, 5 % and 7 %) of cowpea hull treatments and standard methods were used to analyze the enriched gari (EG). The results of the proximate analysis of gari revealed that as inclusion level increases crude fibre, ash and crude protein contents increased in the fermented EG. Enrichment caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in the minerals and the amino acid profile compared to the control while fermentation caused a significant increase in vitamins content of EG. The titratable acidity of the EG may be linked to the increase in amino acid content of the samples, and pH ranged from 3.87 to 3.99. Fermentation of the cowpea hulls with cassava mash significantly enhanced the sensory characteristics and make them acceptable than their unfermented counterpart. Based on the results, it is recommended to enrich gari by incorporating 7% cowpea hull that have undergone fermentation with cassava mash.
{"title":"Nutritional, anti-nutritional, and sensory properties of cowpea hull-enriched Gari","authors":"Ibukunoluwa F Olawuyi, G. M. Olapade, O. R. Karim, O. A. Abiodun, K. O. Salami, O. Akintayo","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8111","url":null,"abstract":"In continuous search for solutions to malnutrition, mainly prevalent among the people of developing countries, various views have been expressed regarding the necessity to improve the nutritional quality of indigenous foods such as gari through better processing and enrichment with cheap and readily available plant materials such as cowpea hull. Gari was produced using the traditional method and enriched with freshly produced cowpea hull in dry form to improve the nutritional composition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of stages of inclusion of cowpea hull on some quality attributes of gari. Factorial design of 2 stages of inclusion (before and after fermentation) with 4 levels (0 %, 3 %, 5 % and 7 %) of cowpea hull treatments and standard methods were used to analyze the enriched gari (EG). The results of the proximate analysis of gari revealed that as inclusion level increases crude fibre, ash and crude protein contents increased in the fermented EG. Enrichment caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in the minerals and the amino acid profile compared to the control while fermentation caused a significant increase in vitamins content of EG. The titratable acidity of the EG may be linked to the increase in amino acid content of the samples, and pH ranged from 3.87 to 3.99. Fermentation of the cowpea hulls with cassava mash significantly enhanced the sensory characteristics and make them acceptable than their unfermented counterpart. Based on the results, it is recommended to enrich gari by incorporating 7% cowpea hull that have undergone fermentation with cassava mash.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kalina, R. Kapilan, I. Wickramasinghe, S. B. Navaratne
Plastic pollution, mainly due to single-use food packaging materials, has become a drastic environmental issue around the world. As a consequence of their accumulation, naturally balanced ecosystems may undergo various types of vulnerabilities, and eventually, it may lead to the annihilation of flora, and fauna. Hence, there is an urgent need to find alternative ways of packaging food with environmentally friendly materials. Currently, there are considerable numbers of research being done to prove that biodegradable packaging materials can be produced from plant leaves and sheaths. However, the large-scale production and application of eco-friendly packaging materials is still a challenge and more studies are further required to accomplish it. Hence, this review is done to identify initiatives made in the field of biodegradable packaging material and directs them towards practical application. In the end, it proves that there is a huge potential to produce biodegradable packaging materials from plant sources economically.
{"title":"Potential use of plant leaves and sheath as food packaging materials in tackling plastic pollution: A Review","authors":"S. Kalina, R. Kapilan, I. Wickramasinghe, S. B. Navaratne","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8145","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution, mainly due to single-use food packaging materials, has become a drastic environmental issue around the world. As a consequence of their accumulation, naturally balanced ecosystems may undergo various types of vulnerabilities, and eventually, it may lead to the annihilation of flora, and fauna. Hence, there is an urgent need to find alternative ways of packaging food with environmentally friendly materials. Currently, there are considerable numbers of research being done to prove that biodegradable packaging materials can be produced from plant leaves and sheaths. However, the large-scale production and application of eco-friendly packaging materials is still a challenge and more studies are further required to accomplish it. Hence, this review is done to identify initiatives made in the field of biodegradable packaging material and directs them towards practical application. In the end, it proves that there is a huge potential to produce biodegradable packaging materials from plant sources economically.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants are playing a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the wealth of human life and are a better alternative to synthetic drugs that display negative side effects, such as sensitization reactions, and disruption of the metabolic processes in the body via interaction with the body system. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Green Leafy Vegetable (GLVs), namely Boerhavia diffusa. Fully matured fresh leaf samples were collected from different localities in the Western Province, Sri Lanka. The acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaf samples were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), by using agar well diffusion method at the test concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/μL. The maximum inhibitory effect was observed in the ethanol extracts of leaf samples against both bacterial strains at 0.75 mg/μL concentration. Ethanol extract of B. diffusa showed the maximum inhibition effect (17.8±0.3 mm) against S. aureus and it was the most susceptible bacteria than E. coli in plant extracts of all three solvents. All three extracts of B. diffusa showed most effective antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains, tested. The MIC values obtained from plants exhibited antibacterial activity ranged between 0.0625 and 0.25 mg/μL. The lowest MIC values were given by the ethanol extracts. Thus, the ethanol extract of this plant leaf sample was the most effective extract, which exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on both bacterial strains. Presence of bioactive compounds in these plant extracts could be the reason to indicate high antibacterial activity.
植物在维护人类健康和改善人类生活财富方面发挥着重要作用，而且是合成药物的更好替代品，因为合成药物会产生过敏反应等负面影响，并通过与身体系统的相互作用破坏体内的新陈代谢过程。本研究的主要目的是评估绿叶蔬菜（GLV）（即白苧）的体外抗菌活性。研究人员从斯里兰卡西部省的不同地方采集了完全成熟的新鲜叶片样本。采用琼脂井扩散法测试了叶样的丙酮、乙醇和水提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性，测试浓度分别为 0.25、0.50 和 0.75 mg/μL。在 0.75 mg/μL 浓度下，叶片样品乙醇提取物对两种细菌菌株的抑制作用最大。diffusa 的乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最大（17.8±0.3 mm），在所有三种溶剂的植物提取物中，金黄色葡萄球菌是比大肠杆菌最易感的细菌。diffusa 的三种提取物都对两种细菌菌株表现出最有效的抗菌活性。从具有抗菌活性的植物中获得的 MIC 值介于 0.0625 至 0.25 mg/μL 之间。乙醇提取物的 MIC 值最低。因此，该植物叶片样本的乙醇提取物是最有效的提取物，对两种细菌菌株都有很强的抗菌活性。这些植物提取物中含有生物活性化合物，这可能是它们具有高抗菌活性的原因。
{"title":"In-vitro antibacterial activity of Boerhavia diffusa leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","authors":"A. H. Y. G. Abhayarathna, C. Mahendranathan","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8314","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are playing a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the wealth of human life and are a better alternative to synthetic drugs that display negative side effects, such as sensitization reactions, and disruption of the metabolic processes in the body via interaction with the body system. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Green Leafy Vegetable (GLVs), namely Boerhavia diffusa. Fully matured fresh leaf samples were collected from different localities in the Western Province, Sri Lanka. The acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaf samples were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), by using agar well diffusion method at the test concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/μL. The maximum inhibitory effect was observed in the ethanol extracts of leaf samples against both bacterial strains at 0.75 mg/μL concentration. Ethanol extract of B. diffusa showed the maximum inhibition effect (17.8±0.3 mm) against S. aureus and it was the most susceptible bacteria than E. coli in plant extracts of all three solvents. All three extracts of B. diffusa showed most effective antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains, tested. The MIC values obtained from plants exhibited antibacterial activity ranged between 0.0625 and 0.25 mg/μL. The lowest MIC values were given by the ethanol extracts. Thus, the ethanol extract of this plant leaf sample was the most effective extract, which exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on both bacterial strains. Presence of bioactive compounds in these plant extracts could be the reason to indicate high antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The genus Curvularia includes pathogens, endophytes and saprobes associated with a diverse range of plants belonging to the family Poaceae. These species are responsible for diseases on cereal crops such as rice, maize, wheat, millet, sorghum and poaceous weedy hosts. During a field survey of cereal pathogens conducted in Galle, Hambanthota, and Matale districts of Sri Lanka, diseased leaf samples were collected randomly from Zea mays and an indigenous cereal landrace of Sorghum sp. traditionally known as ‘Swayanjatha’. Morphology and molecular phylogeny based on combined nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) revealed that the causative agent of the leaf spots is Curvularia dactylocteniicola. Results of the pathogenicity tests confirmed cause of the disease on Zea mays and Sorghum sp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of C. dactylocteniicola causing leaf spots on Zea mays and Sorghum sp. in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"First report of Curvularia dactylocteniicola causing leaf spots on Zea mays and Sorghum in Sri Lanka","authors":"H. S. Ferdinandez, D. Manamgoda, D. Udayanga","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8315","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Curvularia includes pathogens, endophytes and saprobes associated with a diverse range of plants belonging to the family Poaceae. These species are responsible for diseases on cereal crops such as rice, maize, wheat, millet, sorghum and poaceous weedy hosts. During a field survey of cereal pathogens conducted in Galle, Hambanthota, and Matale districts of Sri Lanka, diseased leaf samples were collected randomly from Zea mays and an indigenous cereal landrace of Sorghum sp. traditionally known as ‘Swayanjatha’. Morphology and molecular phylogeny based on combined nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) revealed that the causative agent of the leaf spots is Curvularia dactylocteniicola. Results of the pathogenicity tests confirmed cause of the disease on Zea mays and Sorghum sp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of C. dactylocteniicola causing leaf spots on Zea mays and Sorghum sp. in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rogina J. S. Savarimuthu, C. Kanniammal, N. B. Devi
The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened human life since December 2019. The study’s objectives were to assess the quality of life among individuals working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic and to associate the quality of life parameters with their demographic variables. Majority of the respondents reported moderate quality of life. Age, marital status, number of children and currently physically ill were significantly associated with psychological domain, while the occupation was significantly associated with the domain of social relationships. Financial constraints and country of origin (or country of residence) was significantly associated with the environmental domain.
{"title":"Quality of life among individuals working from home during COVID-19 pandemic - a cross sectional study from United States of America, Canada, India and Sri Lanka","authors":"Rogina J. S. Savarimuthu, C. Kanniammal, N. B. Devi","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8170","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened human life since December 2019. The study’s objectives were to assess the quality of life among individuals working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic and to associate the quality of life parameters with their demographic variables. Majority of the respondents reported moderate quality of life. Age, marital status, number of children and currently physically ill were significantly associated with psychological domain, while the occupation was significantly associated with the domain of social relationships. Financial constraints and country of origin (or country of residence) was significantly associated with the environmental domain.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"56 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. M. C. Sethunga, K. Ranaweera, I. Munaweera, K. Gunathilake
Essential oils (EOs) and oleoresins (ORs) are well distinguished for their antioxidant properties and they can be widely used in the food industry as preservatives. The present study was executed for evaluating the synergistic interactions on antioxidant efficacy of EOs and ORs of cinnamon, clove bud and ginger and their combinations. EOs and ORs were obtained by hydro-distillation and solvent extraction. In-vitro antioxidant properties were investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum method (Total Antioxidant Capacity, TAC) and ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. EOs and ORs which consisted with different chemical constituents and different Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavanoid Content (TFC) exhibited a range of variation in the inhibition percentage of DPPH and IC50 values (0.1645-6.5181 mg/mL). The TAC of EOs and ORs was within the range of 0.27-3.94 mg AAE/mg. The ORs showed higher inhibition percentages and TAC compared to EOs of the same spice. This study revealed that clove buds contains higher antioxidant properties than cinnamon and ginger. Significant reductions in IC50 values were shown in EO blends compared to the ORs blends. The combination of cinnamon EO/clove bud EO and combination cinnamon EO/ginger EO showed strong synergy in tested samples. Therefore, both EOs and ORs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale and their blends are excellent sources for natural and effective natural antioxidant agents in the food industry.
{"title":"In-Vitro antioxidant activity of essential oils and oleoresins of cinnamon, clove bud, ginger and their synergistic interactions","authors":"S. M. M. C. Sethunga, K. Ranaweera, I. Munaweera, K. Gunathilake","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v53i1.8019","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs) and oleoresins (ORs) are well distinguished for their antioxidant properties and they can be widely used in the food industry as preservatives. The present study was executed for evaluating the synergistic interactions on antioxidant efficacy of EOs and ORs of cinnamon, clove bud and ginger and their combinations. EOs and ORs were obtained by hydro-distillation and solvent extraction. In-vitro antioxidant properties were investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, phosphomolybdenum method (Total Antioxidant Capacity, TAC) and ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. EOs and ORs which consisted with different chemical constituents and different Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavanoid Content (TFC) exhibited a range of variation in the inhibition percentage of DPPH and IC50 values (0.1645-6.5181 mg/mL). The TAC of EOs and ORs was within the range of 0.27-3.94 mg AAE/mg. The ORs showed higher inhibition percentages and TAC compared to EOs of the same spice. This study revealed that clove buds contains higher antioxidant properties than cinnamon and ginger. Significant reductions in IC50 values were shown in EO blends compared to the ORs blends. The combination of cinnamon EO/clove bud EO and combination cinnamon EO/ginger EO showed strong synergy in tested samples. Therefore, both EOs and ORs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale and their blends are excellent sources for natural and effective natural antioxidant agents in the food industry.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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