A. Baba, B. Kaltungo, S. Saidu, A. Sackey, E. Okolocha, H. Buhari
Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease that affects several domestic, wild and marine mammals, and man. It causes serious economic damage in livestock productivity, especially in developing countries, including Nigeria. The study aimed to determine the species of Brucella that infect horses and establish the spatial distribution of the infection in Kano, Nigeria. A total of 328 blood samples were collected from horses. Sera were collected from the samples and kept at -20 0C until tested. The sera were successively subjected to RBPT, SAT-EDTA and multiplex-PCR. Seventy-nine serum samples (24.0%) were positive for Brucella antibodies on RBPT. Out of the RBPT positive samples, 39 (49.4%) were also positive for SAT-EDTA. There was no difference between the results of the two tests (RBPT: p=0.4420; SAT-EDTA: p=0.124). Of the 39 SAT-EDTA positive sera, 32 (82.1%) were confirmed to be Brucella abortus. Fifteen of the 16 mares tested were positive for B. abortus while 73.9% of the stallion were positive. All horses in the age groups of 1-5 and 11-15 years were 100% positive, while 72.0% of the horses in the 6-10 year age group were also positive. The study showed 81.8 % detection rate of B. abortus using AMOS-PCR and that 15 (93.7%) of the female horses tested (16) had B. abortus while 17 (73.9%) of the 23 male horses tested had B. abortus.
{"title":"Molecular detection and geospatial distribution of Brucella infections in horses in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Baba, B. Kaltungo, S. Saidu, A. Sackey, E. Okolocha, H. Buhari","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8282","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease that affects several domestic, wild and marine mammals, and man. It causes serious economic damage in livestock productivity, especially in developing countries, including Nigeria. The study aimed to determine the species of Brucella that infect horses and establish the spatial distribution of the infection in Kano, Nigeria. A total of 328 blood samples were collected from horses. Sera were collected from the samples and kept at -20 0C until tested. The sera were successively subjected to RBPT, SAT-EDTA and multiplex-PCR. Seventy-nine serum samples (24.0%) were positive for Brucella antibodies on RBPT. Out of the RBPT positive samples, 39 (49.4%) were also positive for SAT-EDTA. There was no difference between the results of the two tests (RBPT: p=0.4420; SAT-EDTA: p=0.124). Of the 39 SAT-EDTA positive sera, 32 (82.1%) were confirmed to be Brucella abortus. Fifteen of the 16 mares tested were positive for B. abortus while 73.9% of the stallion were positive. All horses in the age groups of 1-5 and 11-15 years were 100% positive, while 72.0% of the horses in the 6-10 year age group were also positive. The study showed 81.8 % detection rate of B. abortus using AMOS-PCR and that 15 (93.7%) of the female horses tested (16) had B. abortus while 17 (73.9%) of the 23 male horses tested had B. abortus.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Christy, R. Kapilan, I. Wickramasinghe, I. Wijesekara
Hands are the primary way to spread microorganisms, thus hand washing is the primary defence and an essential element of personal hygiene for infection control. Hand sanitizers that contain ethanol as their main constituent are used to kill a broad range of microbes. Bioethanol production has relied heavily on the use of first-generation feedstock. Therefore, the development and utilization of alternative feedstocks such as weed (Ceratophyllum demersum) and other non-food crops have gained more attention in recent times. This study explores the bioethanol production using C. demersum, a weedy species, for its potential use in hand sanitizer production. The substrate, C. demersum was subjected to mechanical pre-treatment and then pre-treated with varying concentrations of sulfuric acid, which was subsequently followed by enzymatic pre-treatment and allowed for fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 M resulted in a significantly higher amount of reducing sugar and alcohol yield compared to other concentrations, and this was selected for further studies. After optimization of fermentation parameters, a significantly higher alcohol yield of 2.6% was achieved using a S. cerevisiae inoculum concentration of 100 g/l and agitation at 150 rpm at 40°C for 36 hours. Subsequent optimization of fermentation media components further increased the alcohol yield to 3.7%, with the use of 6 g/l yeast extract, 6 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 5 g/l MgSO4, and 8 g/l KH2PO4. The resulting alcohol mixture was analyzed and found to contain 84.9% bioethanol. An agar well diffusion assay was conducted against bacteria and fungi. The results showed that all the bacterial and fungal strains were sensitive to the bioethanol extract as evidenced by the presence of an inhibition zone.
{"title":"Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Ceratophyllum demersum for hand sanitizers","authors":"E. Christy, R. Kapilan, I. Wickramasinghe, I. Wijesekara","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8164","url":null,"abstract":"Hands are the primary way to spread microorganisms, thus hand washing is the primary defence and an essential element of personal hygiene for infection control. Hand sanitizers that contain ethanol as their main constituent are used to kill a broad range of microbes. Bioethanol production has relied heavily on the use of first-generation feedstock. Therefore, the development and utilization of alternative feedstocks such as weed (Ceratophyllum demersum) and other non-food crops have gained more attention in recent times. This study explores the bioethanol production using C. demersum, a weedy species, for its potential use in hand sanitizer production. The substrate, C. demersum was subjected to mechanical pre-treatment and then pre-treated with varying concentrations of sulfuric acid, which was subsequently followed by enzymatic pre-treatment and allowed for fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 M resulted in a significantly higher amount of reducing sugar and alcohol yield compared to other concentrations, and this was selected for further studies. After optimization of fermentation parameters, a significantly higher alcohol yield of 2.6% was achieved using a S. cerevisiae inoculum concentration of 100 g/l and agitation at 150 rpm at 40°C for 36 hours. Subsequent optimization of fermentation media components further increased the alcohol yield to 3.7%, with the use of 6 g/l yeast extract, 6 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 5 g/l MgSO4, and 8 g/l KH2PO4. The resulting alcohol mixture was analyzed and found to contain 84.9% bioethanol. An agar well diffusion assay was conducted against bacteria and fungi. The results showed that all the bacterial and fungal strains were sensitive to the bioethanol extract as evidenced by the presence of an inhibition zone.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Malki, D. M. H. I. Dissanayaka, J. Wijesinghe, R. Ratnayake, G. Thilakarathna
Both Arrowroot and Kithul are underutilized sources of flour in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to develop composite flours from Arrowroot and Kithul to evaluate their nutritional and physicochemical properties, and to determine their potential in cracker production. Three different composite flour ratios were made using Arrowroot (ARF) and Kithul (KF) viz., 25% ARF + 75 % KF, 50 % ARF+ 50 % KF and 75 % ARF + 25 % KF. Proximate parameters and physicochemical properties were determined. The developed composite flour blends resulted in lower crude protein and fat contents with high crude fiber contents in comparison to wheat flour. Composite flour blends had high viscosities, swelling power, and solubility indices which are beneficial in gel formation property. Composite flours were able to replace wheat flour up to 70 % in cracker development and 25 % KF + 75 % ARF cracker was the most consumerpreferred blend. Due to the low gluten content, composite flourbased cracker had low dimensions but it had a higher fiber content than the wheat flour cracker. Utilization of Arrowroot and Kithul in developing composite flours and crackers is feasible, thus increasing the potential of utilizing both Arrowroot and Kithul flours in food industry.
{"title":"Characterization of Composite Flours from Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) and Kithul(Caryota urens) for Cracker Development","authors":"M. Malki, D. M. H. I. Dissanayaka, J. Wijesinghe, R. Ratnayake, G. Thilakarathna","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8279","url":null,"abstract":"Both Arrowroot and Kithul are underutilized sources of flour in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to develop composite flours from Arrowroot and Kithul to evaluate their nutritional and physicochemical properties, and to determine their potential in cracker production. Three different composite flour ratios were made using Arrowroot (ARF) and Kithul (KF) viz., 25% ARF + 75 % KF, 50 % ARF+ 50 % KF and 75 % ARF + 25 % KF. Proximate parameters and physicochemical properties were determined. The developed composite flour blends resulted in lower crude protein and fat contents with high crude fiber contents in comparison to wheat flour. Composite flour blends had high viscosities, swelling power, and solubility indices which are beneficial in gel formation property. Composite flours were able to replace wheat flour up to 70 % in cracker development and 25 % KF + 75 % ARF cracker was the most consumerpreferred blend. Due to the low gluten content, composite flourbased cracker had low dimensions but it had a higher fiber content than the wheat flour cracker. Utilization of Arrowroot and Kithul in developing composite flours and crackers is feasible, thus increasing the potential of utilizing both Arrowroot and Kithul flours in food industry.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. E. Dienye, O. A. Olaniyi, S. A. Nwafili, U. Okoro, N. Bamidele
Morphometric and meristic characters of the Arius gigas species were examined from two study areas (New Calabar and Degema Rivers) for a period of six months in Rivers State, Nigeria. Total of 200 individuals, 100 from each study site, were examined and analyzed. A majority of the values for external morphometric parameters of A. gigas were higher in the New Calabar River than those from Degema River population, with no significant differences exist (p<0.05) across the morphometric parameters except for pre-orbital length, post-orbital length and eye length. The meristic characters revealed variations in the mean values of dorsal fin spine (8.55±0.11 and 7.07±0.38), pectoral fin ray (5.96±0.06 and 4.23±0.26), and pelvic fin ray (14.99±1.21 and 7.51±0.52) in the study. A significant difference was noted in the number of dorsal fin spine (p< 0.05) between the two populations. The mean percentage of the Length of caudal peduncle (LoCP),1st and 2nd dorsal fin (DF), length of interdorsal fin (LoIDF) and length of adipose fin (LoAF) of A. gigas in the New Calabar River were significantly higher (p<0.05) than Degema River. Growth variability for standard length and all external parameters displayed allometric growth of A. gigas from Degema River. Further studies are recommended to corroborate the findings of the two populations using molecular markers for making conservation plans for exploitable A gigas species.
{"title":"Morphometric and meristic traits of giant sea catfish <em>Arius gigas</em> (boulenger 1911) from new Calabar river and Degema River, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"H. E. Dienye, O. A. Olaniyi, S. A. Nwafili, U. Okoro, N. Bamidele","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8125","url":null,"abstract":"Morphometric and meristic characters of the Arius gigas species were examined from two study areas (New Calabar and Degema Rivers) for a period of six months in Rivers State, Nigeria. Total of 200 individuals, 100 from each study site, were examined and analyzed. A majority of the values for external morphometric parameters of A. gigas were higher in the New Calabar River than those from Degema River population, with no significant differences exist (p<0.05) across the morphometric parameters except for pre-orbital length, post-orbital length and eye length. The meristic characters revealed variations in the mean values of dorsal fin spine (8.55±0.11 and 7.07±0.38), pectoral fin ray (5.96±0.06 and 4.23±0.26), and pelvic fin ray (14.99±1.21 and 7.51±0.52) in the study. A significant difference was noted in the number of dorsal fin spine (p< 0.05) between the two populations. The mean percentage of the Length of caudal peduncle (LoCP),1st and 2nd dorsal fin (DF), length of interdorsal fin (LoIDF) and length of adipose fin (LoAF) of A. gigas in the New Calabar River were significantly higher (p<0.05) than Degema River. Growth variability for standard length and all external parameters displayed allometric growth of A. gigas from Degema River. Further studies are recommended to corroborate the findings of the two populations using molecular markers for making conservation plans for exploitable A gigas species.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"52 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134993241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Premarathna, G. Seneviratne, H. M. S. P. Madawala
In-vitro-developed microbial biofilms are reported to restore degraded agroecosystems via reinstating soil-plantanimal-microbial networks by supplying a mixture of diverse biochemicals that act as network components. Here we hypothesize that the same approach can be used to revitalize the gut microbiota altered due to modern lifestyle and dietary patterns. We tested biochemicals exuded by a developed fungal-bacterial biofilm (BFEx) on the dormancy-breaking of five test gut microbes. The growth and development of the microbes were evaluated in a simulated gut environment with eight different dietary patterns consisting of low and high levels of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and fiber. In addition, the BFEx was tested for cytotoxic activity. Results revealed that the BFEx promoted the growth and possibly dormancy-breaking of all the tested gut microbes. However, these observations were made only in mixed cultures suggesting that there is a need for the interaction of diverse microbes in order to achieve a beneficial outcome from the BFEx. Further, the BFEx showed no cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this biofilm-based method seems a better solution than that of diet-based interventions for achieving healthy gut microbiota as the latter option does not restrict peoples’ dietary preferences. The next step would be to evaluate this microbial intervention in animals and humans.
{"title":"Biofilm nutraceuticals shape gut microbiota better than diet-based interventions: a novel approach to next-generation medicine","authors":"M. Premarathna, G. Seneviratne, H. M. S. P. Madawala","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8175","url":null,"abstract":"In-vitro-developed microbial biofilms are reported to restore degraded agroecosystems via reinstating soil-plantanimal-microbial networks by supplying a mixture of diverse biochemicals that act as network components. Here we hypothesize that the same approach can be used to revitalize the gut microbiota altered due to modern lifestyle and dietary patterns. We tested biochemicals exuded by a developed fungal-bacterial biofilm (BFEx) on the dormancy-breaking of five test gut microbes. The growth and development of the microbes were evaluated in a simulated gut environment with eight different dietary patterns consisting of low and high levels of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and fiber. In addition, the BFEx was tested for cytotoxic activity. Results revealed that the BFEx promoted the growth and possibly dormancy-breaking of all the tested gut microbes. However, these observations were made only in mixed cultures suggesting that there is a need for the interaction of diverse microbes in order to achieve a beneficial outcome from the BFEx. Further, the BFEx showed no cytotoxicity. In conclusion, this biofilm-based method seems a better solution than that of diet-based interventions for achieving healthy gut microbiota as the latter option does not restrict peoples’ dietary preferences. The next step would be to evaluate this microbial intervention in animals and humans.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"23 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Sachinthi S. Amarasiri, None Anoja P. Attanayake, Lakmini K. B. Mudduwa, Kamani A. P. W. Jayatilaka
Despite the wide usage of Barleria prionitis Linn. (Acanthaceae) in traditional medicine, controversial findings have been reported on possible toxic effects of the plant. The present study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxic/adverse effects of B. prionitis using a healthy Wistar albino rat model. Repeated oral administration of the hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous extracts of the whole plant at therapeutic doses (25, 80, 70, and 120 mg/kg) revealed no mortality or treatmentrelated hematological and biochemical changes in experimental rats. However, statistically significant changes were observed in a few red cell and white cell parameters, suggesting increased erythropoiesis and immunity in experimental rats treated with B. prionitis (p<0.05). The findings on total cholesterol, glucose, and liver function tests revealed potential changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and liver functions after treatments. However, the absence of statistically significant changes in the plant treated groups was noted compared to their respective vehicle control groups (p>0.05), and the lack of those changes in male and female rats excludes potential toxic effects from B. prionitis extracts. The findings on the relative weight of organs and histopathology further corroborated the safe use of the selected extracts at doses in therapeutic applications. In conclusion, the findings on acute and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity assessments of the whole plant extracts resulted in neither mortality nor treatment-related hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes in healthy Wistar albino rats.
{"title":"Acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluation of <em>Barleria prionitis</em> Linn. in Wistar albino rats","authors":"None Sachinthi S. Amarasiri, None Anoja P. Attanayake, Lakmini K. B. Mudduwa, Kamani A. P. W. Jayatilaka","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8255","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the wide usage of Barleria prionitis Linn. (Acanthaceae) in traditional medicine, controversial findings have been reported on possible toxic effects of the plant. The present study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxic/adverse effects of B. prionitis using a healthy Wistar albino rat model. Repeated oral administration of the hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous extracts of the whole plant at therapeutic doses (25, 80, 70, and 120 mg/kg) revealed no mortality or treatmentrelated hematological and biochemical changes in experimental rats. However, statistically significant changes were observed in a few red cell and white cell parameters, suggesting increased erythropoiesis and immunity in experimental rats treated with B. prionitis (p<0.05). The findings on total cholesterol, glucose, and liver function tests revealed potential changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and liver functions after treatments. However, the absence of statistically significant changes in the plant treated groups was noted compared to their respective vehicle control groups (p>0.05), and the lack of those changes in male and female rats excludes potential toxic effects from B. prionitis extracts. The findings on the relative weight of organs and histopathology further corroborated the safe use of the selected extracts at doses in therapeutic applications. In conclusion, the findings on acute and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity assessments of the whole plant extracts resulted in neither mortality nor treatment-related hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes in healthy Wistar albino rats.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"4 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transgenic mosquitoes: Is that a reality?","authors":"S. H. P. Parakrama Karunaratne","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8251","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is growing as a potentially problematic condition parallel to existing behavioral disorders, especially among adolescents. Nonetheless, the condition is widespread and problematic, limited scientific evidence is available on the prevalence, diagnosis, risk factors, prevention, and efficacy of the treatment globally as well as locally. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of Internet addiction disorder among 15-19-year-old adolescents in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was adapted, translated, and validated for this study. A school-based descriptive crosssectional study was conducted among 1,351 school-going adolescents using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection and the data analysis was done using the SPSS- 21 version. Initial bivariate analysis was followed up with Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis to determine the associated factors of Internet addiction disorder. The prevalence of Internet addiction disorder among adolescents was 17.2% (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 15.2-19.3). Sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.27-4.07), excessive use of social media (AOR=4.32; 95% CI: 2.12-8.80), lack of engagement in outdoor sports (AOR=5.4;95%CI:2.49-11.73), unemployed mother (AOR=2.06;95% CI:1.40-3.04), excessive engagement of internet gaming (AOR=1.94; 95% CI: 1.34-2.82), excessive internet usage time per day for nonacademic activities (AOR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.71-3.91), higher duration of internet use in years (AOR=2.64; 95% CI:1.80-3.85), and no excessive internet use by the parents (AOR=0.46; 95%CI:0.30-0.70) were the statistically significant associated factors. The prevalence of Internet addiction disorder among adolescents was within the range. The findings will aid the policymakers and administrators in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of Internet addiction disorder among this age group of adolescents.
{"title":"Internet addiction disorder and its associated factors among 15-19-Year adolescents in Colombo District, Sri Lanka","authors":"Gayan Ariyadasa, C. De Silva, D. Jayawardane","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8088","url":null,"abstract":"Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is growing as a potentially problematic condition parallel to existing behavioral disorders, especially among adolescents. Nonetheless, the condition is widespread and problematic, limited scientific evidence is available on the prevalence, diagnosis, risk factors, prevention, and efficacy of the treatment globally as well as locally. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of Internet addiction disorder among 15-19-year-old adolescents in Colombo district, Sri Lanka. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was adapted, translated, and validated for this study. A school-based descriptive crosssectional study was conducted among 1,351 school-going adolescents using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection and the data analysis was done using the SPSS- 21 version. Initial bivariate analysis was followed up with Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis to determine the associated factors of Internet addiction disorder. The prevalence of Internet addiction disorder among adolescents was 17.2% (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 15.2-19.3). Sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.27-4.07), excessive use of social media (AOR=4.32; 95% CI: 2.12-8.80), lack of engagement in outdoor sports (AOR=5.4;95%CI:2.49-11.73), unemployed mother (AOR=2.06;95% CI:1.40-3.04), excessive engagement of internet gaming (AOR=1.94; 95% CI: 1.34-2.82), excessive internet usage time per day for nonacademic activities (AOR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.71-3.91), higher duration of internet use in years (AOR=2.64; 95% CI:1.80-3.85), and no excessive internet use by the parents (AOR=0.46; 95%CI:0.30-0.70) were the statistically significant associated factors. The prevalence of Internet addiction disorder among adolescents was within the range. The findings will aid the policymakers and administrators in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of Internet addiction disorder among this age group of adolescents.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135743917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Udani A. Wanniarachchi, Sachinthi S. Amarasiri, Anoja P. Attanayake
The present study was to compare eGFR values estimated from different equations based on creatinine and cystatin-C in patients on hemodialysis treatment. eGFR values were calculated using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equations based on Creatinine (CKD-EPICr) and cystatin-C values alone (CKDEPI Cys C) and by their combination (CKD-EPICr-Cys C), using 40 pre-dialysis samples. No significant differences in renal function parameters and eGFR were observed, either between male (55%) and female (45%) patients or within different age groups (p>0.05). Certain levels of agreement (p>0.05) were observed between the equations, except for the values derived from CKD-EPICys C and CKD-EPICr-Cys C (p = 0.022). Significant positive correlations were observed between all selected equations. The highest correlation was observed between CKD-EPICr and MDRD (r = 0.998, p = 0.000), whereas the lowest correlation was found between MDRD and CKD-EPICys C (r = 0.552, p = 0.000). The present findings revealed that MDRD and CKD-EPICr equations are suitable for the calculation of eGFR in routine local clinical settings for the assessment of progression of kidney impairment in patients with CKD on hemodialysis treatment. However, the use of CKD-EPICr-Cys C rather than the CKD-EPICys C is recommended as a confirmatory tool where necessary.
{"title":"Correlation of eGFR values estimated by different equations based on creatinine and cystatin-C in patients on hemodialysis treatment at Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka","authors":"Udani A. Wanniarachchi, Sachinthi S. Amarasiri, Anoja P. Attanayake","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8093","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was to compare eGFR values estimated from different equations based on creatinine and cystatin-C in patients on hemodialysis treatment. eGFR values were calculated using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equations based on Creatinine (CKD-EPICr) and cystatin-C values alone (CKDEPI Cys C) and by their combination (CKD-EPICr-Cys C), using 40 pre-dialysis samples. No significant differences in renal function parameters and eGFR were observed, either between male (55%) and female (45%) patients or within different age groups (p>0.05). Certain levels of agreement (p>0.05) were observed between the equations, except for the values derived from CKD-EPICys C and CKD-EPICr-Cys C (p = 0.022). Significant positive correlations were observed between all selected equations. The highest correlation was observed between CKD-EPICr and MDRD (r = 0.998, p = 0.000), whereas the lowest correlation was found between MDRD and CKD-EPICys C (r = 0.552, p = 0.000). The present findings revealed that MDRD and CKD-EPICr equations are suitable for the calculation of eGFR in routine local clinical settings for the assessment of progression of kidney impairment in patients with CKD on hemodialysis treatment. However, the use of CKD-EPICr-Cys C rather than the CKD-EPICys C is recommended as a confirmatory tool where necessary.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135744869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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