It is shocking that breast cancer (BC) now outnumbers lung cancer in terms of global cancer diagnoses. Being deadly to some extent, such a disease’s treatment is crucial. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy are just a few of the treatment options available for this condition. By using ligand substitution to alter the current chemical structure or by creating an entirely new element with a higher safety and cytotoxic profile, the metallodrugs are created. Due to their tempting treatment against cancer and their capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which cause oxidative damage and cellular death, metals are extremely efficient in the fight against cancer. The whole list of recently found complexes (in vivo/vitro), their mode of action against the tumour, and the mechanical information gathered by various scientists have all been discussed in the following paragraphs. This review highlights the research that has been conducted over the past 22 years by many experts and provide comprehensive information regarding the use of metals as a medicine for the treatment of BC. Also, this review covers a variety of prospective metal therapies down the line with their success stories.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on metallodrugs in breast cancer treatment","authors":"Jatin V. Thake, Manoj R. Kumbhare","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8067","url":null,"abstract":"It is shocking that breast cancer (BC) now outnumbers lung cancer in terms of global cancer diagnoses. Being deadly to some extent, such a disease’s treatment is crucial. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy are just a few of the treatment options available for this condition. By using ligand substitution to alter the current chemical structure or by creating an entirely new element with a higher safety and cytotoxic profile, the metallodrugs are created. Due to their tempting treatment against cancer and their capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which cause oxidative damage and cellular death, metals are extremely efficient in the fight against cancer. The whole list of recently found complexes (in vivo/vitro), their mode of action against the tumour, and the mechanical information gathered by various scientists have all been discussed in the following paragraphs. This review highlights the research that has been conducted over the past 22 years by many experts and provide comprehensive information regarding the use of metals as a medicine for the treatment of BC. Also, this review covers a variety of prospective metal therapies down the line with their success stories.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135689706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Premarathna, S. P. Abeysundara, A. M. T. A. Gunaratne, H. M. S. P. Madawala
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global issue due to its unprecedented impacts on the environment and human health. However, its place as a potential pollutant and possible impacts on plant and human health are less understood among the general public. The study was conducted to investigate the level of awareness of MP pollution and its impacts and to evaluate their practices and perceptions of plastic usage, and their awareness on regulatory measures in Sri Lanka. The convenience sampling method was employed to select the study population representative of both rural and urban areas. A questionnaire was distributed among 166 respondents belonging to the age group of 20 - 40 years. Nearly 67% and 68% of respondents were aware of MPs and their harmful impacts, respectively. Nevertheless, most respondents (66 %) were not aware of the regulatory measures introduced by the authorities to control the usage of plastic products. About 66% of respondents discarded plastic items on a daily or weekly basis indicating their widespread usage among the general public in Sri Lanka. However, a majority (85%) were unaware that burning of plastics is a prohibited action in the country. The results revealed that the awareness of MPs and their impacts were significantly linked to the gender, level of education, and occupation of respondents, though their awareness on regulatory measures did not show any relationship with the tested demographic characteristics. Unemployed respondents (98.4%) were more mindful of the non-biodegradable nature of plastics than that of students and employed respondents, indicating that the level of education has no link with their awareness of plastics and their characteristics. Despite reasonably high awareness on MPs, the study highlights the necessity of introducing effective strategies to enhance the awareness of regulatory measures to control plastic usage and safe disposal mechanisms among the general public to manage MP pollution in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Community awareness and perceptions on microplastics: a case study from Sri Lanka","authors":"K. Premarathna, S. P. Abeysundara, A. M. T. A. Gunaratne, H. M. S. P. Madawala","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i4.8134","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global issue due to its unprecedented impacts on the environment and human health. However, its place as a potential pollutant and possible impacts on plant and human health are less understood among the general public. The study was conducted to investigate the level of awareness of MP pollution and its impacts and to evaluate their practices and perceptions of plastic usage, and their awareness on regulatory measures in Sri Lanka. The convenience sampling method was employed to select the study population representative of both rural and urban areas. A questionnaire was distributed among 166 respondents belonging to the age group of 20 - 40 years. Nearly 67% and 68% of respondents were aware of MPs and their harmful impacts, respectively. Nevertheless, most respondents (66 %) were not aware of the regulatory measures introduced by the authorities to control the usage of plastic products. About 66% of respondents discarded plastic items on a daily or weekly basis indicating their widespread usage among the general public in Sri Lanka. However, a majority (85%) were unaware that burning of plastics is a prohibited action in the country. The results revealed that the awareness of MPs and their impacts were significantly linked to the gender, level of education, and occupation of respondents, though their awareness on regulatory measures did not show any relationship with the tested demographic characteristics. Unemployed respondents (98.4%) were more mindful of the non-biodegradable nature of plastics than that of students and employed respondents, indicating that the level of education has no link with their awareness of plastics and their characteristics. Despite reasonably high awareness on MPs, the study highlights the necessity of introducing effective strategies to enhance the awareness of regulatory measures to control plastic usage and safe disposal mechanisms among the general public to manage MP pollution in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135689707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coastal developments and Sea turtle conservation: Effect of artificial light on female nesting behaviours and hatchling post-emergence migrations","authors":"R. S. Rajakaruna","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8212","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yellowfin tuna is the most popular fish species consumed by Sri Lankans, and the majority of waste generated during processing is not utilized properly. The waste of this species has been identified as a rich source of amino acids and micro-nutrients which are essential for plant growth, but they are dumped into the ocean, or disposed in landfills leading to pollution. The study was conducted to prepare a fermented fish waste solution (FFWS) from yellowfin tuna and evaluate its efficiency on the growth and yield of MI-2 chilli crops. The FFWS solution was prepared by using fish waste from yellowfin tuna and jaggery in a 1:1 ratio and kept for about 21 days for fermentation in a cool and well-ventilated location. The filtrate of FFWS was applied separately as a foliar spray in different concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) on chilli plants (n = 10 per treatment) once in a week with a negative control. The height of the plants, number of leaves and number of branches were measured, and the number of flowers and fruits were counted weekly until the first harvest. According to the findings, crops subjected to FFWS started flowering earlier and showed better growth and yield than control crops. Overall, plants treated with 5% and 7.5% of FFWS promoted growth and yield similarly, without significant differences. According to the research results, the application of the 5% FFWS is a more cost-effective and affordable choice than the application of the 7.5% FFWS. Further study and commercialization of FFWS foliar fertilizer may promote environmentally-friendly agriculture and the effective use of fish waste, as well as provide better solutions for the current scenario in Sri Lanka to reduce the usage of synthetic fertilizer.
{"title":"Effects of foliar application of Fermented Fish Waste Solution from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) on growth and yield of MI-2 chilli (Capsicum annuum)","authors":"A. F. Shama, J. Nimalan","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8073","url":null,"abstract":"Yellowfin tuna is the most popular fish species consumed by Sri Lankans, and the majority of waste generated during processing is not utilized properly. The waste of this species has been identified as a rich source of amino acids and micro-nutrients which are essential for plant growth, but they are dumped into the ocean, or disposed in landfills leading to pollution. The study was conducted to prepare a fermented fish waste solution (FFWS) from yellowfin tuna and evaluate its efficiency on the growth and yield of MI-2 chilli crops. The FFWS solution was prepared by using fish waste from yellowfin tuna and jaggery in a 1:1 ratio and kept for about 21 days for fermentation in a cool and well-ventilated location. The filtrate of FFWS was applied separately as a foliar spray in different concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) on chilli plants (n = 10 per treatment) once in a week with a negative control. The height of the plants, number of leaves and number of branches were measured, and the number of flowers and fruits were counted weekly until the first harvest. According to the findings, crops subjected to FFWS started flowering earlier and showed better growth and yield than control crops. Overall, plants treated with 5% and 7.5% of FFWS promoted growth and yield similarly, without significant differences. According to the research results, the application of the 5% FFWS is a more cost-effective and affordable choice than the application of the 7.5% FFWS. Further study and commercialization of FFWS foliar fertilizer may promote environmentally-friendly agriculture and the effective use of fish waste, as well as provide better solutions for the current scenario in Sri Lanka to reduce the usage of synthetic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45473834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thompson F. Ediagbonya, F. Ikuesan, Akinsanmi M. Oyeyemi, J. A. Ogunjobi, O. E. Omoyugbo
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds composed of two or more fused aromatic rings. PAHs can be found in a variety of foods and beverages, including drinking water, vegetables, fruits, cereals, oils, seafood, and meats. The current study investigated the pollution levels of the quantum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in Pyxicephalus edulis and river sediments. Twenty-five sediment samples and male and female specimens of Pyxicephalus edulis were collected from Oluwa River near Igbekebo, Ondo State Nigeria. The sediment samples were then dried in the open air for three days while the identified frog species were dried separately for 6 hours at 105°C before being powdered. The physicochemical parameters of sediment samples examined using standard physical and chemical analytical techniques and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in frog and sediment samples were examined using gas chromatographyflame ionization analysis (GC-FID). The toxicity equivalent(TEQ) values of PAHs in sediment samples were determined by comparing the findings of this study to the Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) with effects range from viz., low (ERL), median(ERM) and threshold-effects level (TEL)/probable-effects level (PEL) to assess the toxicity of PAHs to aquatic organisms living in sediments. Male frogs had significantly higher concentrations of Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Pyrene, and total PAHs than females, and lower concentrations of Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Fluorene, and Fluoranthene. BaAnt, Benzo(b) fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthrene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Benzo(g,h,i)perylene were reported only among males. The cause of this variation is unknown, but it could be due to differences in the genetic make-up of male and female frogs.
{"title":"The quantum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in Pyxicephalus edulis and sediments in Oluwa river, Igbekebo area, Ondo state, Nigeria","authors":"Thompson F. Ediagbonya, F. Ikuesan, Akinsanmi M. Oyeyemi, J. A. Ogunjobi, O. E. Omoyugbo","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8205","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds composed of two or more fused aromatic rings. PAHs can be found in a variety of foods and beverages, including drinking water, vegetables, fruits, cereals, oils, seafood, and meats. The current study investigated the pollution levels of the quantum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in Pyxicephalus edulis and river sediments. Twenty-five sediment samples and male and female specimens of Pyxicephalus edulis were collected from Oluwa River near Igbekebo, Ondo State Nigeria. The sediment samples were then dried in the open air for three days while the identified frog species were dried separately for 6 hours at 105°C before being powdered. The physicochemical parameters of sediment samples examined using standard physical and chemical analytical techniques and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in frog and sediment samples were examined using gas chromatographyflame ionization analysis (GC-FID). The toxicity equivalent(TEQ) values of PAHs in sediment samples were determined by comparing the findings of this study to the Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG) with effects range from viz., low (ERL), median(ERM) and threshold-effects level (TEL)/probable-effects level (PEL) to assess the toxicity of PAHs to aquatic organisms living in sediments. Male frogs had significantly higher concentrations of Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Pyrene, and total PAHs than females, and lower concentrations of Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Fluorene, and Fluoranthene. BaAnt, Benzo(b) fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthrene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Benzo(g,h,i)perylene were reported only among males. The cause of this variation is unknown, but it could be due to differences in the genetic make-up of male and female frogs.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48226980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. G. I. Uthpalani, J. K. Premachandra, D. S. M. De Silva, V. P. A. Weerasinghe
The global demand for plastic is increasing year by year due to its indispensable uses and excellent properties. Plastic wastes persist for many years due to their slow deterioration and cause severe environmental problems. Therefore, there is a growing focus worldwide on plastic waste disposal methods to overcome adverse environmental impacts. As plastics are petroleum-based materials, the pyrolysis of plastics to fuel oil, gases, and char, has more concern than the other plastic waste management methods of recycling and landfilling. A yield of 70-80 wt.% of liquid fuel from pyrolysis waste has been reported elsewhere, emerging the importance and aptness of this method in plastic waste management. The common reactor types for the pyrolysis process are batch reactor, semi-batch reactor, spouted bed reactor, and fluidized bed reactor. The common catalysts employed in plastic pyrolysis were zeolites, including ZSM-5, HUSY, Zeolite X, and Y. The pore structure and the catalyst’s acidity are the most influencing parameters in increasing the liquid yield and the quality of the oil produced in the pyrolysis process. This paper reviews the existing literature on pyrolysis processes developed for HDPE and LDPE wastes globally and their governing factors. Furthermore, emissions in the pyrolysis process and engine combustion of the fuel oil, performance, and emission characteristics were discussed. Although plastic waste separation prior to its management is a challenging process, this review highlights the conversion of waste plastic into energy as a smart way to meet the rising demands.
{"title":"Pyrolysis as a value added method for plastic waste management: A review on converting LDPE and HDPE waste into fuel","authors":"P. G. I. Uthpalani, J. K. Premachandra, D. S. M. De Silva, V. P. A. Weerasinghe","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8026","url":null,"abstract":"The global demand for plastic is increasing year by year due to its indispensable uses and excellent properties. Plastic wastes persist for many years due to their slow deterioration and cause severe environmental problems. Therefore, there is a growing focus worldwide on plastic waste disposal methods to overcome adverse environmental impacts. As plastics are petroleum-based materials, the pyrolysis of plastics to fuel oil, gases, and char, has more concern than the other plastic waste management methods of recycling and landfilling. A yield of 70-80 wt.% of liquid fuel from pyrolysis waste has been reported elsewhere, emerging the importance and aptness of this method in plastic waste management. The common reactor types for the pyrolysis process are batch reactor, semi-batch reactor, spouted bed reactor, and fluidized bed reactor. The common catalysts employed in plastic pyrolysis were zeolites, including ZSM-5, HUSY, Zeolite X, and Y. The pore structure and the catalyst’s acidity are the most influencing parameters in increasing the liquid yield and the quality of the oil produced in the pyrolysis process. This paper reviews the existing literature on pyrolysis processes developed for HDPE and LDPE wastes globally and their governing factors. Furthermore, emissions in the pyrolysis process and engine combustion of the fuel oil, performance, and emission characteristics were discussed. Although plastic waste separation prior to its management is a challenging process, this review highlights the conversion of waste plastic into energy as a smart way to meet the rising demands.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44563065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although arsenic (As) is a toxic element for plant growth, it can accumulate in rice plants to higher levels. A case-control experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of As in soil on rice plant growth. Nine (9) different native and improved rice cultivars were grown in soils with 10 mg/kg As. Total As content in grains was quantified using an ICP-MS. The mean As content in control samples was 15.8 µg/kg while As treatment samples showed 122 µg/kg. Grains of improved rice variety of Bg 300 showed the highest As accumulation. The chlorophyll content declined by 28% under As stress and 56% tiller losses were also observed. The significant reduction of plant growth has given an impaired grain yield under As-treated conditions. Soil arsenic also showed a significant impact on Ni, Rb, and Ba uptake and accumulation. This study showed that As accumulation in rice is cultivar-dependent and also indicated a drastic reduction of the yield under elevated As levels. The native cultivar, Kahawanu was shown the lowest As-accumulation (90.1 mg/kg) under elevated As within the nine rice cultivars. So it can be identified as the best resistance cultivar for the As stress. The results can be utilized for developing high-tolerance rice varieties using new breeding technologies.
{"title":"Growth responses of genetically diverse rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to Arsenic stress","authors":"Sammani Manawasinghe, R. Chandrajith","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8206","url":null,"abstract":"Although arsenic (As) is a toxic element for plant growth, it can accumulate in rice plants to higher levels. A case-control experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of As in soil on rice plant growth. Nine (9) different native and improved rice cultivars were grown in soils with 10 mg/kg As. Total As content in grains was quantified using an ICP-MS. The mean As content in control samples was 15.8 µg/kg while As treatment samples showed 122 µg/kg. Grains of improved rice variety of Bg 300 showed the highest As accumulation. The chlorophyll content declined by 28% under As stress and 56% tiller losses were also observed. The significant reduction of plant growth has given an impaired grain yield under As-treated conditions. Soil arsenic also showed a significant impact on Ni, Rb, and Ba uptake and accumulation. This study showed that As accumulation in rice is cultivar-dependent and also indicated a drastic reduction of the yield under elevated As levels. The native cultivar, Kahawanu was shown the lowest As-accumulation (90.1 mg/kg) under elevated As within the nine rice cultivars. So it can be identified as the best resistance cultivar for the As stress. The results can be utilized for developing high-tolerance rice varieties using new breeding technologies.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46617563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. D. B. Liyanagedara, C. N. Nupearachchi, C. A. Thotawatthage
Due to the expansion of research studies in the family of new superconductors, there is a progress in the investigations of basic physical and chemical properties. The new findings certainly ended the cuprate monopoly in high temperature superconductor (HTSC) family with the introduction of iron based chemical structures. The possessed high values of superconductor temperatures (TC) in iron-based superconductors (IBS) provide hints of novel approaches to futuristic applications while deepening the knowledge of high temperature superconductivity. Up-to-date, many theoretical and practical methods are being utilized to investigate new IBS.
{"title":"Potential of iron-based superconductors (IBS) in future applications","authors":"T. D. B. Liyanagedara, C. N. Nupearachchi, C. A. Thotawatthage","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8047","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the expansion of research studies in the family of new superconductors, there is a progress in the investigations of basic physical and chemical properties. The new findings certainly ended the cuprate monopoly in high temperature superconductor (HTSC) family with the introduction of iron based chemical structures. The possessed high values of superconductor temperatures (TC) in iron-based superconductors (IBS) provide hints of novel approaches to futuristic applications while deepening the knowledge of high temperature superconductivity. Up-to-date, many theoretical and practical methods are being utilized to investigate new IBS.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44006200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. D. Samarawickrama, A. Nanthakumaran, P. Sivakumar, S. Saravanan
The abundance and diversity of planktons in selected village tanks namely Peraru, Nochchimoddai and Mamaduwa in the Vavuniya district were studied from March to April, 2021. The objectives of the study were to identify the phyto- and zooplanktons, and to estimate their abundance and diversity in the selected village tanks. Planktons were sampled weekly using a plankton net. Based on the morphological features, samples were initially identified up to the genus level using standard keys and their respective abundance was estimated using Sedgewick- rafter counting cell. Simultaneously, water samples were also collected at each location to determine the water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, temperature, and, nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The results showed that there were 16 genera of Chlorophyceae, six genera of Bacillariophyceae and seven genera of Cyanophyceae, while three species of Copepods, one species of Cladocerans and 10 species of Rotifers were identified. The dominant phytoplanktons belonged to Bacillariophyceae, and represented about 50% of total population of phytoplanktons while Cyanophyceae as the least abundant. Copepods were dominant in Peraru and Nochchimoddai tanks, representing more than 50% of the total zooplankton population while Rotifers were dominant in Mamaduwa village tank, with a 58% of total zooplankton population.
{"title":"Abundance and diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton in selected village tanks in Vavuniya, Sri Lanka","authors":"R. A. D. Samarawickrama, A. Nanthakumaran, P. Sivakumar, S. Saravanan","doi":"10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v52i3.8077","url":null,"abstract":"The abundance and diversity of planktons in selected village tanks namely Peraru, Nochchimoddai and Mamaduwa in the Vavuniya district were studied from March to April, 2021. The objectives of the study were to identify the phyto- and zooplanktons, and to estimate their abundance and diversity in the selected village tanks. Planktons were sampled weekly using a plankton net. Based on the morphological features, samples were initially identified up to the genus level using standard keys and their respective abundance was estimated using Sedgewick- rafter counting cell. Simultaneously, water samples were also collected at each location to determine the water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, temperature, and, nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The results showed that there were 16 genera of Chlorophyceae, six genera of Bacillariophyceae and seven genera of Cyanophyceae, while three species of Copepods, one species of Cladocerans and 10 species of Rotifers were identified. The dominant phytoplanktons belonged to Bacillariophyceae, and represented about 50% of total population of phytoplanktons while Cyanophyceae as the least abundant. Copepods were dominant in Peraru and Nochchimoddai tanks, representing more than 50% of the total zooplankton population while Rotifers were dominant in Mamaduwa village tank, with a 58% of total zooplankton population.","PeriodicalId":9894,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42224360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Fernando, T. W. Hettiarachchi, T. Sudeshika, Z. Badurdeen, N. Erandika, N. Nanayakkara
The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) is the main regulator of body fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. Features of RAAS activation, such as hypertension and fluid retention, are not apparent in some categories of CKD-like tubular interstitial diseases. The beneficial effects of RAAS blockers are controversial if not activated. This study was conducted to identify the features of RAAS activation in CKDu and to evaluate the representativeness of Aldosterone as a marker of activation. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 119 definite CKDu patients at the renal clinics in Girandurukotte and Wilgamuwa, Sri Lanka. The basic biochemical parameters, serum electrolytes, and osmolality were measured by using serum and urine samples of the participants. Statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS statistics version 23. Only 4.4% and 6.7% of study subjects had increased serum Aldosterone and serum Angiotensin II. There was a significant positive correlation between serum Aldosterone with serum creatinine (r=0.477, p<0.01) and Angiotensin II (r=0.379, p<0.01). Inversely, it was negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.353, p<0.01). Moreover, serum aldosterone had a significant elevation in the late stages (p=0.024) than early stages and was significantly associated with proteinuria (p=0.032). Results showed no indications of activated RAAS in patients with the diagnosis of definite CKDu. A significant number of the population had hypernatremia which is positively correlated with hyperosmolality, indicating dehydration. The possibility of subclinical dehydration that may have an effect with faster progression.
肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）是人体体液和电解质平衡的主要调节因子。RAAS激活的特征，如高血压和液体滞留，在某些类型的CKD样肾小管间质疾病中并不明显。RAAS阻断剂如果不被激活，其有益效果是有争议的。本研究旨在确定CKDu中RAAS激活的特征，并评估醛固酮作为激活标志物的代表性。在斯里兰卡吉兰杜鲁科特和威尔加穆瓦的肾脏诊所对119名明确的CKDu患者进行了横断面研究。通过使用参与者的血清和尿液样本测量基本生化参数、血清电解质和渗透压。统计分析在IBM SPSS statistics version 23中进行。只有4.4%和6.7%的受试者血清醛固酮和血清血管紧张素II升高。血清醛固酮与血清肌酐（r=0.477，p<0.01）和血管紧张素II（r=0.379，p<0.01）呈正相关，与eGFR呈负相关（r=-0.353，p<0.01），血清醛固酮在晚期比早期显著升高（p=0.024），并与蛋白尿显著相关（p=0.032）。结果显示，在诊断为CKDu的患者中，没有激活RAAS的迹象。大量人群患有高钠血症，这与高渗性呈正相关，表明脱水。亚临床脱水的可能性，可能对更快的进展产生影响。
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