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Infrared-A to improve mood: an exploratory study of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) exposure. 红外线-A改善情绪:一项关于水过滤红外线-A(wIRA)照射的探索性研究。
IF 4.6 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00650-2
Iina-Maria Häggqvist, Petri Kärhä, Hannu Kautiainen, Erna Snellman, Rafael Pasternack, Timo Partonen

Diurnal preference to eveningness might predispose to depression. There is preliminary evidence of infrared-A (IR-A) induced whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) in the treatment of depression. In this exploratory study with 19 adults, we investigated the effects of a 20-min exposure of water-filtered IR-A (wIRA) to the skin of back and buttock area, without inducing WBH, on mood and assessed the outcome by diurnal preference (#R19047, approval on 7 May 2019). The skin received irradiation with an integrated power of 102.4 W in the wavelength region of 550-1350 nm and a total dose of 123 kJ over the total area of 0.0483 m2. The diurnal preference was assessed with a 6-item version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (mMEQ). The 40-item Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire was used to assess total mood disturbance (TMD). Core temperature was measured 30 min before, during and 30 min after the irradiation. Skin surface temperature was measured on baseline and every two minutes during the irradiation. The TMD improved immediately after the exposure, and this positive effect lasted for 24 h (p = 0.001) as well as for 2 weeks (p = 0.02). Concerning the diurnal preference, the positive effect on mood was immediate and lasted for 24 h in evening types (p = 0.02) and for 2 weeks in morning types (p = 0.04). During the exposure, core body temperature was constantly lower in morning types compared to evening types. This study gives us new information on the effects of near-infrared radiation, without inducing WBH, through the skin on mood.

昼伏夜出可能会导致抑郁症。有初步证据表明,红外线-A(IR-A)诱导的全身热疗(WBH)可用于治疗抑郁症。在这项以19名成年人为对象的探索性研究中,我们调查了在不诱导WBH的情况下,对背部和臀部皮肤照射20分钟水过滤红外A(wIRA)对情绪的影响,并通过昼夜偏好评估了结果(#R19047,2019年5月7日批准)。皮肤接受的照射波长为 550-1350 纳米,综合功率为 102.4 瓦,总面积为 0.0483 平方米,总剂量为 123 千焦。昼夜节律偏好通过 6 个项目的晨昏问卷(mMEQ)进行评估。40 项情绪状态概况(POMS)问卷用于评估总体情绪障碍(TMD)。辐照前 30 分钟、辐照期间和辐照后 30 分钟测量核心温度。皮肤表面温度在基线和照射期间每两分钟测量一次。照射后,TMD 立即得到改善,这种积极影响持续了 24 小时(p = 0.001)和 2 周(p = 0.02)。关于昼夜偏好,对情绪的积极影响是立竿见影的,在晚间类型中持续 24 小时(p = 0.02),在早晨类型中持续 2 周(p = 0.04)。在接触过程中,晨型人的核心体温持续低于晚型人。这项研究为我们提供了关于近红外辐射对情绪影响的新信息,这种辐射不会通过皮肤诱发 WBH。
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引用次数: 0
A supramolecular approach towards the photorelease of encapsulated caged acids in water: 7-diethylaminothio-4-coumarinyl molecules as triggers. 在水中实现封装笼酸光释的超分子方法:7-二乙基氨基硫代-4-香豆素基分子作为触发器。
IF 4.6 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00651-1
Sujit Kumar Ghosh, Shreya Chatterjee, Paras Pratim Boruah, Satyajit Mandal, José P Da Silva, Varadharajan Srinivasan, Vaidhyanathan Ramamurthy

Herein, we establish the release of aliphatic acids in water upon excitation of 7-diethylaminothio-4-coumarinyl derivatives encapsulated within the organic host octa acid (OA). The 7-diethylaminothio-4-coumarinyl skeleton, employed here as the trigger, photoreleases caged molecules from the excited triplet state, in contrast to its carbonyl analogue, where the same reaction is known to occur from the excited singlet state. Encapsulation in OA solubilizes molecules in water that are otherwise water-insoluble, and retains the used trigger within itself following the release of the aliphatic acid. Such supramolecular characteristics usher in new features to the photorelease methodology. The thiocarbonyl chromophore extends the absorption of coumarinyl trigger to visible range while enhancing the intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet state, making it the reactive state. Despite the non-polar environment within the OA capsules the photocleavage occurs in a heterolytic fashion to release the conjugate base and the used trigger as triplet carbocation in an adiabatic process. Interestingly, the triplet carbocation crosses to the ground singlet surface (closed shell singlet carbocation) with the help of water molecules, possibly aided by C = S chromophore. Utilizing the known excited state dynamics of related thiocoumarinyl and coumarinyl systems, we have identified a few of the important mechanistic features of the photorelease process of 7-diethylaminothio-4-coumarinyl derivatives. Ultrafast excited state dynamic studies and quantum chemical calculations planned should help us better understand the photorelease process so as to effectively exploit the proposed system for potential applications.

在这里,我们确定了当被封装在有机宿主辛酸(OA)中的 7-二乙基硫代氨基-4-香豆素基衍生物受到激发时,脂肪族酸会在水中释放出来。这里使用的 7-二乙基硫代氨基-4-香豆素基骨架作为触发器,可从激发的三重态光释放笼状分子,这与其羰基类似物形成鲜明对比,后者已知会从激发的单重态发生相同的反应。封装在 OA 中的分子可以溶解在水中,否则就不能溶于水,而且在脂肪族酸释放后,还能将所用的触发器保留在自身中。这种超分子特性为光释方法带来了新的特点。硫代羰基发色团将香豆酰触发器的吸收范围扩大到可见光范围,同时增强了三重态的系统间交叉(ISC),使其成为反应态。尽管 OA 胶囊内存在非极性环境,但光裂解仍以异性分解的方式进行,在绝热过程中释放出共轭碱和作为三重碳位的触发剂。有趣的是,三重碳位在水分子的帮助下,可能在 C = S 发色团的帮助下,穿过地面单质表面(闭壳单质碳位)。利用相关硫代香豆素基和香豆素基系统的已知激发态动力学,我们确定了 7-二乙基硫代氨基-4-香豆素基衍生物光释放过程的一些重要机理特征。计划进行的超快激发态动态研究和量子化学计算应有助于我们更好地理解光释放过程,从而有效地利用拟议系统的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Global transcriptional response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to UVA radiation. 铜绿假单胞菌对 UVA 辐射的全局转录反应。
IF 4.6 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00649-9
Martiniano M Ricardi, Paula M Tribelli, Cristina S Costa, Magdalena Pezzoni

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation is the major fraction of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Its harmful effects on microorganisms, due mainly to oxidative damage, have been exploited for development of natural solar and commercial UVA-based disinfection methods. In this work, the global transcriptional response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation was analyzed. To conduct this study, we analyzed the whole transcriptome of the PAO1 strain grown to logarithmic phase under sublethal doses of UVA or in the dark. We found that a total of 298 genes responded to UVA with a change of at least two-fold (5.36% of the total P. aeruginosa genome), and showed equal amount of induced and repressed genes. An important fraction of the induced genes were involved in the response to DNA damage and included induction of SOS, prophage and pyocins genes. The results presented in this study suggest that one of the main UVA targets are proteins carrying [Fe-S] clusters since several genes involved in the processes of synthesis, trafficking and assembly of these structures were upregulated. The management of intracellular iron levels also seems to be a robust response to this stress factor. The strong induction of genes involved in denitrification suggest that this pathway and/or reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide could have a role in the response to this radiation. Regarding the down-regulated genes, we found many involved in the biosynthesis of PQS, a quorum-sensing signal molecule with a possible role as endogenous photosensitizer.

紫外线 A(UVA)辐射是到达地球表面的紫外线辐射的主要部分。紫外线 A 对微生物的有害影响主要是由于氧化损伤,人们利用紫外线 A 开发了基于天然太阳能和商业紫外线 A 的消毒方法。在这项研究中,我们分析了暴露在紫外线 A(UVA)辐射下的铜绿假单胞菌的全局转录反应。为了进行这项研究,我们分析了在亚致死剂量 UVA 或黑暗条件下生长到对数期的 PAO1 菌株的整个转录组。我们发现,共有 298 个基因对 UVA 产生了至少两倍的反应(占铜绿微囊藻基因组总数的 5.36%),并显示出同等数量的诱导基因和抑制基因。被诱导的基因中有很大一部分参与了对 DNA 损伤的反应,包括诱导 SOS、噬菌体和 pyocins 基因。本研究的结果表明,UVA 的主要靶标之一是携带[Fe-S]簇的蛋白质,因为参与这些结构的合成、运输和组装过程的多个基因被上调。细胞内铁水平的管理似乎也是对这种应激因子的一种强有力的反应。参与反硝化作用的基因受到强烈诱导,这表明这一途径和/或一氧化氮等活性氮物种可能在对这种辐射的反应中发挥作用。关于下调基因,我们发现许多基因参与了 PQS 的生物合成,PQS 是一种法定人数感应信号分子,可能具有内源光敏剂的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of therapeutic response to photodynamic therapy with the Zn-Phthalocyanine RLP068/Cl versus topical Clindamycin in patients affected by Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a comparative clinical pilot study. 评估酞菁锌 RLP068/Cl 光动力疗法与局部使用克林霉素对湿疹患者的治疗反应:一项比较临床试验研究。
IF 2.7 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00656-w
E Rosi, F Prignano, S Viola, M Venturini, N Pimpinelli, P Calzavara-Pinton

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin disorder characterized by painful inflammatory nodules and abscesses, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Current treatment strategies, including topical antibiotics, often yield limited efficacy and pose risks of antibiotic resistance. Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a potential option, with RLP068/Cl (ELKOFAST®, non-sterile formulation) showing promising efficacy due to its broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. We conducted a pilot study assessing the therapeutic response to photodynamic therapy with RLP068/Cl versus topical clindamycin gel in patients affected by hidradenitis suppurativa of Hurley score I, II, and III. Results revealed higher efficacy of photodynamic therapy in combination with RLP068/Cl, particularly in mild cases. Its efficacy remains reliable even in more severe cases when combined with adalimumab. The observed faster lesion improvement and pain relief were ascribed to the bactericidal effects of RLP068/Cl against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria. Furthermore, photoactivated RLP068/Cl was well tolerated with no adverse events reported. Therefore, photodynamic therapy following RLP068/Cl application represents a novel therapeutic option for hidradenitis suppurativa with potential implications for antibiotic stewardship in dermatology.

化脓性扁平湿疹是一种慢性皮肤病,以疼痛的炎性结节和脓肿为特征,严重影响患者的生活质量。目前的治疗策略,包括局部使用抗生素,往往疗效有限,而且有产生抗生素耐药性的风险。RLP068/Cl(ELKOFAST®,非无菌配方)具有广谱杀菌活性,显示出良好的疗效。我们进行了一项试验性研究,评估使用 RLP068/Cl 与外用克林霉素凝胶进行光动力疗法对赫尔利分级 I、II 和 III 级化脓性扁平苔癣患者的治疗反应。结果显示,光动力疗法与 RLP068/Cl 联合使用的疗效更高,尤其是在轻度病例中。与阿达木单抗联合使用时,即使是较严重的病例,其疗效也依然可靠。RLP068/Cl对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的杀菌作用加快了病变的改善和疼痛的缓解。此外,光活化 RLP068/Cl 的耐受性良好,无不良反应报告。因此,应用 RLP068/Cl 进行光动力疗法是化脓性扁平苔癣的一种新疗法,对皮肤科的抗生素管理具有潜在意义。
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引用次数: 0
Different metal-doped NiO nanoparticles for sunlight-mediated degradation of low-density polyethylene microplastic films. 不同金属掺杂的氧化镍纳米粒子在阳光介导下降解低密度聚乙烯微塑料薄膜。
IF 2.7 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00653-z
Jameel Mohammed Musthafa, Badal Kumar Mandal

Due to the widespread use and incorrect handling of plastics, we need to find a practical and effective way to eliminate plastic waste from the environment. Different metal-doped nickel oxide (DMD-NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a sol-gel technique and were used to degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastic (MP) films when exposed to sunlight. The optical and structural properties of sol-gel method synthesized materials were investigated using a variety of characterization methods (Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Degradation study results suggest that the photocatalytic activity of DMD-NiO-LDPE nanocomposites (NCs) films was greater than that of pure LDPE and undoped NiO-LDPE films. Because of their increased optical absorption and efficient suppression of photo-produced charge carriers' recombination, the DMD-NiO NPs showed higher photocatalytic degradation of LDPE films. Thus, LDPE films with 2% wt Fe-NiO (iron-doped nickel oxide) nanomaterials showed a degradation of around 38.16% among DMD-NiO-LDPE NCs films under visible light over a short period of 30 days (240 h). The formation of carbonyl groups in the degradation product of LDPE was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. When compared to the original LDPE film, the Fe-NiO-LDPE NCs films showed a significant decrease in crystallinity and carbonyl indexes, as much as 8.4% lower. The current project proposes the development of eco-friendly photocatalysts using a sol-gel technique for combating MP pollution in the environment.

由于塑料的广泛使用和不正确处理,我们需要找到一种切实有效的方法来消除环境中的塑料垃圾。利用溶胶-凝胶技术合成了不同的金属掺杂氧化镍(DMD-NiO)纳米粒子(NPs),并将其用于降解暴露在阳光下的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)微塑料(MP)薄膜。采用多种表征方法(傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)分析、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与能量色散 X 射线(EDX)分析以及热重分析(TGA))研究了溶胶-凝胶法合成材料的光学和结构特性。降解研究结果表明,DMD-NiO-LDPE 纳米复合材料(NCs)薄膜的光催化活性高于纯 LDPE 和未掺杂的 NiO-LDPE 薄膜。由于 DMD-NiO NPs 增加了光吸收并有效抑制了光产生的电荷载流子的重组,因此其对 LDPE 薄膜的光催化降解能力更强。因此,含有 2% Fe-NiO(掺铁氧化镍)纳米材料的低密度聚乙烯薄膜在可见光下短短 30 天(240 小时)的降解率约为 DMD-NiO-LDPE NCs 薄膜的 38.16%。傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)分析证实了低密度聚乙烯降解产物中羰基的形成。与原始 LDPE 薄膜相比,Fe-NiO-LDPE NCs 薄膜的结晶度和羰基指数显著降低,低达 8.4%。本项目提出利用溶胶-凝胶技术开发环保型光催化剂,以应对环境中的 MP 污染。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation on luminescence photoswitching stability in diarylethene-perovskite quantum dot hybrids. 研究二元噻吩-perovskite 量子点混合物的发光光开关稳定性。
IF 4.6 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00647-x
Ashkan Mokhtar, Yuji Akaishi, Keisuke Tokudome, Sunnam Kim, Daisuke Kosumi, Tetsuya Kida, Tsuyoshi Fukaminato

Perovskite quantum dots (pQDs) have gathered a lot of attention because of their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Photoswitchable pQDs have the potential for application in single particle optical memories and bio-imaging. Hybrids of photochromic diarylethenes (DAE) and pQDs show a luminescence photoswitching property, however, the cycle stability in such systems is low because of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from pQDs to DAE. In this study, various hybrids of DAEs and pQDs with different spacer lengths between the pQD donors and DAE acceptors were synthesized and their stability towards multiple cycles of luminescence photoswitching was evaluated. It was found that the electron transfer pathway can be blocked and very stable switchable hybrids can be produced when the distance between the donors and acceptors was long enough. Furthermore, the effect of softness of the basic ligands and the synthesis method of the pQDs on the cycle stability of the hybrids were investigated. The findings of this study suggest that the photoswitching stability can be improved in hybrid systems by proper molecular design of the photochromic molecule.

过氧化物量子点(pQDs)因其出色的光电特性而备受关注。可光电开关的 pQDs 具有应用于单颗粒光学存储器和生物成像的潜力。光致变色二元乙烯(DAE)和 pQDs 的混合物显示出发光光开关特性,然而,由于从 pQDs 到 DAE 的光诱导电子转移(PET),此类系统的循环稳定性较低。本研究合成了各种 DAE 与 pQD 的杂化物,pQD 给体和 DAE 受体之间的间隔长度各不相同,并评估了它们在多次循环发光光开关过程中的稳定性。结果发现,当供体和受体之间的距离足够长时,电子传递途径可以被阻断,并能产生非常稳定的可切换混合体。此外,还研究了碱性配体的软度和 pQDs 的合成方法对杂化物循环稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,通过适当的光致变色分子设计可以提高杂化体系的光开关稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Far-infrared irradiation inhibits proliferation of human upper airway epithelial cells via protein phosphatase 2A-promoted dephosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase. 远红外线照射通过蛋白磷酸酶 2A 促进 p70 S6 激酶去磷酸化抑制人上气道上皮细胞增殖。
IF 4.6 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00652-0
Nayoung Lee, Yun-Jin Hwang, Hyung Gyun Na, Du-Hyong Cho

Far-infrared (FIR) ray, an invisible electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 3‒1000 μm, elicits various biological effects. Excessive proliferation of human upper airway epithelial cells (HUAEpCs) contributes to the development and exacerbation of nasal narrowing diseases, including nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which FIR irradiation inhibits the proliferation of HUAEpCs. FIR irradiation significantly inhibited the proliferation of NCI-H292 cells without alteration in cell viability. The anti-proliferative effect of FIR radiation was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of p70S6K at Thr389 (p-p70S6K-Thr389), without changes in the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Overexpression of p70S6K-T389E mutant gene, not dominant negative-AMPKα1 gene, significantly reversed FIR irradiation-inhibited p-p70S6K-Thr389 and cell proliferation. Cotreatment with okadaic acid or knockdown of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) gene expression significantly reversed FIR irradiation-decreased p-p70S6K-Thr389 and cell proliferation. FIR irradiation remarkably promoted the physical association of p70S6K and PP2Ac without change in total PP2Ac expression. Hyperthermal stimulus (39 °C) did not alter p-p70S6K-Thr389 and cell proliferation. In line with NCI-H292 cell results, FIR irradiation, not hyperthermal stimulus, significantly decreased p-p70S6K-Thr389 and cell proliferation in primary human nasal turbinate and polyp epithelial cells. These results demonstrated that FIR irradiation decreased the proliferation of HUAEpCs through PP2A-mediated inhibition of p70S6K phosphorylation, independent of its hyperthermal effect. Our data suggest that FIR therapy can be used to treat upper airway narrowing epithelial hyperplastic diseases, including nasal polyposis and CRSwNP.

远红外线(FIR)是一种波长为 3-1000 μm 的不可见电磁辐射,可产生多种生物效应。人上气道上皮细胞(HUAEpCs)的过度增殖是鼻息肉病和慢性鼻炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)等鼻腔狭窄疾病发生和加重的原因之一。在此,我们研究了红外辐射抑制 HUAEpCs 增殖的分子机制。红外辐射能明显抑制NCI-H292细胞的增殖,但不会改变细胞的活力。FIR辐射的抗增殖效应伴随着p70S6K在Thr389磷酸化的减少(p-p70S6K-Thr389),而哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标和单磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化没有发生变化。过表达 p70S6K-T389E 突变基因,而不是显性阴性-AMPKα1 基因,可显著逆转 FIR 照射抑制的 p-p70S6K-Thr389 和细胞增殖。与 okadaic acid 共同处理或敲除蛋白磷酸酶 2A 催化亚基(PP2Ac)基因表达能明显逆转红外辐射对 p-p70S6K-Thr389 和细胞增殖的抑制作用。红外辐射明显促进了p70S6K和PP2Ac的物理结合,而PP2Ac的总表达量没有发生变化。高热刺激(39 °C)不会改变 p-p70S6K-Thr389 和细胞增殖。与NCI-H292细胞的结果一致,在原代人鼻甲和鼻息肉上皮细胞中,红外辐射(而非过热刺激)显著降低了p-p70S6K-Thr389和细胞增殖。这些结果表明,红外辐射通过 PP2A 介导的 p70S6K 磷酸化抑制作用减少了 HUAEpCs 的增殖,而与其高热效应无关。我们的数据表明,红外疗法可用于治疗上气道狭窄上皮增生性疾病,包括鼻息肉和 CRSwNP。
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引用次数: 0
Cefadroxil photodegradation processes sensitized by natural pigments: mechanistic aspects and impact on the antimicrobial function. 天然色素敏化的头孢羟氨苄光降解过程:机理及其对抗菌功能的影响。
IF 2.7 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00633-3
Andrea Sofía Urquiza, Agustina Reynoso, Macarena Agostina Biondi, Mariana Belén Spesia, María Alicia Biasutti, Hernán Alfredo Montejano, Eugenia Reynoso

Cefadroxil is a widely used antibiotic with a low elimination efficiency in wastewater treatments plants, so it represents a contaminants of emerging concern that should be removed. The photosensitization process that involves natural pigments and visible sunlight can be offered as an environmentally friendly alternative to be considered for Cefadroxil degradation. In this investigation, we carried out a mechanistic and kinetic approach to Cefadroxil photodegradation sensitized by Riboflavin and Humic Acid, in individual and combined processes. Our experiments indicate that Cefadroxil is able to interact with the excited states of Riboflavin as well as with the photogenerated reactive oxygen species, with an important contribution of singlet oxygen. The antibiotic was less sensitive to the photodegradation in the presence of Humic Acids and in the mixture of Riboflavin and Humic Acids. Self-sensitization processes and internal filter effects are proposed as possible explanations for the observed phenomenon. The reaction between Cefadroxil and singlet oxygen showed a dependence with the pH of the medium, the photodegradation kinetic constants are greater at alkaline pH compared to neutral pH. The reaction is favored when the anionic species of the antibiotic is present. Microbiological tests on S. aureus indicated that the antibiotic reduce its antimicrobial activity as a consequence of the photooxidative process mediated by singlet oxygen. We believe that the results are relevant since, the sensitized photodegradation process could lead to the oxidation of Cefadroxil and to the progressive loss of its antimicrobial function, this fact could contribute to the decrease in the generation of bacterial multi-resistance to antibiotics in the environment.

头孢羟氨苄是一种广泛使用的抗生素,在污水处理厂中的去除效率很低,因此是一种新出现的需要去除的污染物。涉及天然色素和可见光的光敏化过程可作为头孢羟氨苄降解的一种环境友好型替代方法。在这项研究中,我们对核黄素和腐植酸在单独和组合过程中敏化头孢羟氨苄的光降解进行了机理和动力学研究。我们的实验表明,头孢羟氨苄能够与核黄素的激发态以及光生成的活性氧相互作用,其中单线态氧的作用非常重要。在腐植酸存在以及核黄素和腐植酸混合物中,抗生素对光降解的敏感性较低。对于观察到的现象,有人提出了自我敏化过程和内部过滤效应的可能解释。头孢羟氨苄和单线态氧之间的反应与介质的 pH 值有关,与中性 pH 值相比,碱性 pH 值下的光降解动力学常数更大。当抗生素的阴离子种类存在时,反应会更有利。对金黄色葡萄球菌进行的微生物学测试表明,单线态氧介导的光氧化过程会降低抗生素的抗菌活性。我们认为这些结果是有意义的,因为敏化光降解过程可能会导致头孢羟氨苄被氧化,并逐渐丧失其抗菌功能,这一事实可能有助于减少环境中细菌对抗生素的多重抗药性的产生。
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引用次数: 0
Sun-protection factor of zinc-oxide sunscreens: SPFin vitro too low compared to SPFin vivo-a brief review. 氧化锌防晒剂的防晒系数:与体内防晒系数相比,体外防晒系数太低--简要回顾。
IF 2.7 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00644-0
Uli Osterwalder, Jean-Claude Hubaud, Eva Perroux-David, Thibault Moraine, Jeroen van den Bosch

Sunscreens are mainly characterized by their sun-protection factor (SPF), which is measured according to the in vivo gold standard ISO 24444. Although the SPF concept is simple, SPF values are difficult to measure, due to the rather high variability caused by the complex interaction of light and skin. For half a century, there have been attempts to correlate the costly and ethically controversial in vivo procedure with a non-invasive (in vitro) method. After decades of development, alternative non-invasive SPF methods are expected to become available as ISO standards in early 2025. In particular, sunscreen manufacturers who use zinc oxide (ZnO) in higher concentrations (conc.) (10-25%) in their formulations, are concerned that these new in vitro methods would not confirm the SPF-values on their labels that have been determined in vivo, according to ISO 24444. This brief review reveals that sunscreen formulations with high conc. of ZnO often yield SPFin vitro values that are lower than the SPFin vivo values. This can be explained by the fact that in vitro methods have been developed for conventional emulsions products with organic UV filters, but not for highly concentrated ZnO-alone sunscreens. Fortunately, there seems to be a fix for this problem. There is a difference in density between ordinary emulsions with organic filters (density of the residual oil phase ~ 1.0 g/ml) and highly concentrated ZnO-alone formulations (~ 1.3-1.7 g/ml). As the application of current standards is weight-based, this makes the film on the PMMA plate much thinner, which is likely to lead to lower SPFin vitro values. Preliminary experiments show that using the same volume on the PMMA plates instead of the same weight as organic UV filters gives a much better correlation between in vitro and in vivo SPF results. A recent evaluation of three samples of highly concentrated ZnO sunscreens by the Dutch NVWA seems to confirm these findings. Further experimental evidence is required to fully understand this phenomenon and to adapt the in vitro method for higher conc. ZnO formulations accordingly.

防晒霜的主要特征是防晒系数(SPF),它是根据 ISO 24444 体内黄金标准测量的。虽然 SPF 的概念很简单,但 SPF 值却很难测量,因为光和皮肤之间复杂的相互作用会导致很大的变化。半个世纪以来,人们一直在尝试用一种非侵入性(体外)方法将成本高昂且在道德上有争议的体内程序联系起来。经过几十年的发展,预计在 2025 年初,替代性非侵入式 SPF 方法将成为 ISO 标准。特别是那些在配方中使用较高浓度(10%-25%)氧化锌(ZnO)的防晒霜制造商,他们担心这些新的体外方法无法确认其标签上根据 ISO 24444 在体内测定的 SPF 值。这篇简短的综述揭示了含高浓度氧化锌的防晒配方所产生的 SPF 体外值往往低于 SPF 体内值。造成这种情况的原因是,体外检测方法是针对含有有机紫外线过滤剂的传统乳液产品开发的,而不是针对高浓度氧化锌单体防晒剂开发的。幸运的是,似乎有办法解决这个问题。含有机过滤剂的普通乳液(残留油相的密度约为 1.0 克/毫升)和高浓度氧化锌单体配方(约为 1.3-1.7 克/毫升)之间的密度存在差异。由于现行标准的应用是以重量为基础的,这使得 PMMA 板上的薄膜更薄,很可能导致较低的 SPF 体外值。初步实验表明,使用相同体积的 PMMA 板,而不是相同重量的有机紫外线过滤剂,可使体外和体内 SPF 结果之间的相关性大大提高。荷兰 NVWA 最近对三个高浓度氧化锌防晒霜样品进行的评估似乎证实了这些发现。要充分理解这一现象,并相应地调整用于高浓度氧化锌配方的体外方法,还需要更多的实验证据。
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引用次数: 0
A novel fluorescent probe for viscosity and polarity detection in real tobacco root cells and biological imaging. 一种新型荧光探针,用于检测真实烟草根细胞的粘度和极性并进行生物成像。
IF 2.7 3区 化学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00637-z
Yuan He, Long-Ke Li, Mao-Hua Wang, Jing-Ruo Tian, Guo-Yu Chen, Jian-Yong Wang

The disruption of lipid droplet function is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. Clarifying the response behavior of lipid droplets to the microenvironment at the cellular level is of great significance. Plant lipids not only exist in phospholipids in cell membranes, but also in aromatic essential oils. Monitoring the level of lipid droplets in plant cells using fluorescent probes provides a simple method for screening lipid-rich varieties. We synthesized a polarity-viscosity responsive coumarin fluorescent probe, Cou-CN, which achieved sensitive detection of polarity and viscosity in dilute solution environments by constructing this simple probe with ICT and TICT properties and verifying it using Gaussian computational simulation. Cou-CN exhibited good lipid droplet illumination effects in HepG2 cells with a correlation coefficient of 0.92 compared to the commercial lipid droplet dye BODIPY. Additionally, co-staining the probe with the lipophilic commercial dye Nile Red in tobacco root stem seedling cells resulted in a high correlation coefficient of 0.9.

脂滴功能的破坏与各种疾病的发病机制有关。阐明脂滴在细胞水平上对微环境的反应行为意义重大。植物脂质不仅存在于细胞膜的磷脂中,也存在于芳香精油中。利用荧光探针监测植物细胞中的脂滴水平为筛选富含脂质的品种提供了一种简单的方法。我们合成了一种极性-粘度响应香豆素荧光探针 Cou-CN,通过构建这种具有 ICT 和 TICT 特性的简单探针,并利用高斯计算模拟进行验证,实现了对稀溶液环境中极性和粘度的灵敏检测。与商用脂滴染料 BODIPY 相比,Cou-CN 在 HepG2 细胞中表现出良好的脂滴照明效果,相关系数达到 0.92。此外,在烟草根茎幼苗细胞中,探针与亲脂性商业染料尼罗河红共同染色,相关系数高达 0.9。
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引用次数: 0
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Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
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