M. Salami, K. K. Osasona, G. Akinsola, S. Akanbi, M. T. Durosaye
1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria ABSTRACT. It is paradoxical to note that food insecurity remains a menace among many African farmers’ households. There are arguments for and against smallholder farmers' market participation as a pathway for ensuring household food security. The paper therefore examined the market participationfood security relationship using smallholder sorghum farmers in Kwara State, as a case study. Primary data were obtained from 112 sorghum farming households using the semi-structured interview survey method. Descriptive statistic (frequencies and percentages), Crop output market participation index, Logistic regression model and Tobit regression model was used to analyse the data obtained. The result revealed that market participation positively and significantly contributes to the food security status of the sorghum farmers. Also, household size, farm output quantity, access to market information, access to credit and farm power types were the factors influencing the level of market participation in the study area. Therefore, all factors that will aid farmers' market participation should be pursued.
{"title":"Effect of Market Participation on Food Security Among Smallholder Sorghum Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Salami, K. K. Osasona, G. Akinsola, S. Akanbi, M. T. Durosaye","doi":"10.46909/CERCE-2020-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/CERCE-2020-029","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria ABSTRACT. It is paradoxical to note that food insecurity remains a menace among many African farmers’ households. There are arguments for and against smallholder farmers' market participation as a pathway for ensuring household food security. The paper therefore examined the market participationfood security relationship using smallholder sorghum farmers in Kwara State, as a case study. Primary data were obtained from 112 sorghum farming households using the semi-structured interview survey method. Descriptive statistic (frequencies and percentages), Crop output market participation index, Logistic regression model and Tobit regression model was used to analyse the data obtained. The result revealed that market participation positively and significantly contributes to the food security status of the sorghum farmers. Also, household size, farm output quantity, access to market information, access to credit and farm power types were the factors influencing the level of market participation in the study area. Therefore, all factors that will aid farmers' market participation should be pursued.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"10 1","pages":"330-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86886789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rahman, M. Islam, Nikhil Chandra Shil, M. H. Rahman, M. Alam, Md. Rakibul Islam
Any variety needs to evaluate at different locations, along with variable soils for asses their yield potentiality after its releasing. Thus, an experiment was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site, Kushtia Sadar Upazila, under High Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-11) in Bangladesh, during three consecutive Rabi seasons of 2013-2014 to 2015-2016. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of garlic varieties and economic profitability of these varieties at farmer’s field. There were three garlic varieties, namely BARI Rashun-1, BARI Rashun-2 and a local cultivar, which were evaluated at six dispersed locations as replications. Results observed that the highest yield (8.34-9.80 t ha-1) was obtained from BARI Rashun-1, which was followed by BARI Rashun-2 (7.43-9.48 t ha-1) and the local one (7.12-9.15 t ha-1). BARI Rashun-1 produced 3-12% higher yield over BARI Rashun-2 and 7-20% over the local cultivar, respectively in three consecutive years. Correlation analysis showed that there were positive and significant correlation among bulb yields with bulb length and individual bulb weight. Regarding the functional relationship, the traits like crop duration, plant population, plant height, bulb length, bulb width, individual bulb weight had positive contribution on the bulb yield. It was dependent on those traits, and accounted for 12, 36, 0.05, 45, 41 and 55% of the total bulb yield variation, respectively. The highest gross return (Tk. 3, 63,700 ha-1) and gross margin (Tk. 2,19,425 ha-1) were obtained from BARI Rashun-1. As such, this variety performed as the best, in respect of higher bulb yield potential, as well as the highest economic return among the tested varieties, which was followed by BARI Rashun-2. Therefore, the result of this study could be helpful for improving bulb production of garlic under High Ganges River Floodplain soil (calcareous soils) in Bangladesh.
任何品种都需要在不同的地点和不同的土壤上进行评估，以评估其释放后的产量潜力。因此，在2013-2014年至2015-2016年连续三个Rabi季节，在孟加拉国恒河高洪漫平原(AEZ-11)的Kushtia Sadar Upazila的多地点测试(MLT)站点进行了一项实验。本研究的目的是评价大蒜品种在农民田间的性能和经济效益。有3个大蒜品种，即BARI Rashun-1、BARI Rashun-2和1个地方品种，在6个分散的地点作为重复进行了评价。结果表明，BARI罗顺1号产量最高(8.34 ~ 9.80 t ha-1)，其次为BARI罗顺2号(7.43 ~ 9.48 t ha-1)和本地品种(7.12 ~ 9.15 t ha-1)。连续3年，BARI r顺子1号比BARI r顺子2号增产3 ~ 12%，比本地品种增产7 ~ 20%。相关分析表明，鳞茎产量与鳞茎长、单株鳞茎重呈显著正相关。在功能关系上，生育期、种群、株高、鳞茎长、鳞茎宽、单株鳞茎重等性状对鳞茎产量有正贡献。这些性状分别占总鳞茎产量变异的12%、36%、0.05、45%、41%和55%。BARI Rashun-1获得最高的总收益(Tk. 3,63,700 ha-1)和毛利率(Tk. 2,19,425 ha-1)。因此，该品种在鳞茎产量潜力和经济效益方面表现最好，BARI罗顺2号次之。因此，本研究结果对提高孟加拉国恒河高洪泛区土壤(钙质土壤)大蒜鳞茎产量有一定的指导意义。
{"title":"ADAPTIVE PERFORMANCE OF GARLIC VARIETIES UNDER HIGH GANGES RIVER FLOODPLAIN SOIL (CALCAREOUS) OF BANGLADESH","authors":"M. Rahman, M. Islam, Nikhil Chandra Shil, M. H. Rahman, M. Alam, Md. Rakibul Islam","doi":"10.46909/CERCE-2020-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/CERCE-2020-025","url":null,"abstract":"Any variety needs to evaluate at different locations, along with variable soils for asses their yield potentiality after its releasing. Thus, an experiment was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site, Kushtia Sadar Upazila, under High Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-11) in Bangladesh, during three consecutive Rabi seasons of 2013-2014 to 2015-2016. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of garlic varieties and economic profitability of these varieties at farmer’s field. There were three garlic varieties, namely BARI Rashun-1, BARI Rashun-2 and a local cultivar, which were evaluated at six dispersed locations as replications. Results observed that the highest yield (8.34-9.80 t ha-1) was obtained from BARI Rashun-1, which was followed by BARI Rashun-2 (7.43-9.48 t ha-1) and the local one (7.12-9.15 t ha-1). BARI Rashun-1 produced 3-12% higher yield over BARI Rashun-2 and 7-20% over the local cultivar, respectively in three consecutive years. Correlation analysis showed that there were positive and significant correlation among bulb yields with bulb length and individual bulb weight. Regarding the functional relationship, the traits like crop duration, plant population, plant height, bulb length, bulb width, individual bulb weight had positive contribution on the bulb yield. It was dependent on those traits, and accounted for 12, 36, 0.05, 45, 41 and 55% of the total bulb yield variation, respectively. The highest gross return (Tk. 3, 63,700 ha-1) and gross margin (Tk. 2,19,425 ha-1) were obtained from BARI Rashun-1. As such, this variety performed as the best, in respect of higher bulb yield potential, as well as the highest economic return among the tested varieties, which was followed by BARI Rashun-2. Therefore, the result of this study could be helpful for improving bulb production of garlic under High Ganges River Floodplain soil (calcareous soils) in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"52 1","pages":"297-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87376760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1 Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran 2 University of Birjand, South Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran ABSTRACT. Quinoa is a dicotyledonous species for seeds and, therefore, is not known as a cereal grain and is a pseudograin, which is introduced nowadays as a new crop in the world. Population growth and the need for more food put additional pressure on the environment, especially on water resources and agronomic ecosystems. This has led to more attention to plants that grow at different latitudes and altitudes. Climatic and environmental changes affect agricultural inputs, especially water resources. So, the best way of adapting to the current situation is the introduction of low-water, saltresistant, and drought-tolerant plants to the recent climatic changes. Water scarcity has become a serious problem in many countries. This restriction has had a significant impact on the development of countries. The plants which grow in arid and semi-arid regions are often exposed to adverse environmental factors, such as drought or salinity. Salinity and drought stress, more than any other factor, decrease crop yields around the world. These two abiotic stresses are the main limiting factors for crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Quinoa is an exceptional plant that can adapt to adverse conditions and can serve as a solution to the challenge of global food security. Recent droughts that occurred in the world have prompted governments to include plants in their development plans, which are adapted to the country's existing water and soil conditions and have high nutritional value. This way, quinoa cultivation can ensure their food security in the coming years.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF QUINOA (QUINOA CHENOPODIUM WILLD.) CULTIVATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A REVIEW","authors":"A. Fathi, F. Kardoni","doi":"10.46909/CERCE-2020-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/CERCE-2020-030","url":null,"abstract":"1 Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran 2 University of Birjand, South Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran ABSTRACT. Quinoa is a dicotyledonous species for seeds and, therefore, is not known as a cereal grain and is a pseudograin, which is introduced nowadays as a new crop in the world. Population growth and the need for more food put additional pressure on the environment, especially on water resources and agronomic ecosystems. This has led to more attention to plants that grow at different latitudes and altitudes. Climatic and environmental changes affect agricultural inputs, especially water resources. So, the best way of adapting to the current situation is the introduction of low-water, saltresistant, and drought-tolerant plants to the recent climatic changes. Water scarcity has become a serious problem in many countries. This restriction has had a significant impact on the development of countries. The plants which grow in arid and semi-arid regions are often exposed to adverse environmental factors, such as drought or salinity. Salinity and drought stress, more than any other factor, decrease crop yields around the world. These two abiotic stresses are the main limiting factors for crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Quinoa is an exceptional plant that can adapt to adverse conditions and can serve as a solution to the challenge of global food security. Recent droughts that occurred in the world have prompted governments to include plants in their development plans, which are adapted to the country's existing water and soil conditions and have high nutritional value. This way, quinoa cultivation can ensure their food security in the coming years.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"298 1","pages":"337-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76487107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Along with the awareness to obtain quality plant products, the use of plant-based insecticides is increasingly being used. One of the plants used as a plant-based insecticide is Jatropha curcas L. (Jarak pagar) because it contains toxic ingredients to kill cabbage caterpillar pests (Crocidolomia binotalis). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Jatropha curcas L. on the mortality of Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage caterpillars. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 7 × 3, consisting of seven treatment concentrations (0,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, 20,000 ppm, 30,000 ppm, 40,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm, 60,000 ppm), with three replications. Observations were made at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 hours after application (HAA) of Jatropha. The research activities were carried out in two stages, namely 1) the extraction stage of Jatropha curcas L. seeds and the breeding of the Crocidolomia binotalis test larvae and 2) the testing stage with seven concentration levels of Jatropha curcas L. extract as a plant-based insecticide. ANOVA test showed that the treatments of Jatropha curcas L. extract gave the death effect on larvae [F-count > F-table (116.8 > 2.37)]. Dead larvae change color to black and their body shape will curve. The fastest larval death occurs 24 HAA, with a concentration of 40,000 ppm, which is 50%. At lower concentrations (30,000 ppm), which can kill larvae up to 50%, occurs 120 HAA. With a concentration of 50,000 ppm, 90% of larvae can be killed occurring 96 HAA.
{"title":"EFFICACY OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. SEED EXTRACT ON MORTALITY OF CABBAGE CROP LARVAE (CROCIDOLOMIA BINOTALIS ZELLER: LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)","authors":"E. Baideng, J. Pelealu, B. Assa, H. Lengkey","doi":"10.46909/CERCE-2020-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/CERCE-2020-026","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the awareness to obtain quality plant products, the use of plant-based insecticides is increasingly being used. One of the plants used as a plant-based insecticide is Jatropha curcas L. (Jarak pagar) because it contains toxic ingredients to kill cabbage caterpillar pests (Crocidolomia binotalis). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Jatropha curcas L. on the mortality of Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage caterpillars. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 7 × 3, consisting of seven treatment concentrations (0,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, 20,000 ppm, 30,000 ppm, 40,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm, 60,000 ppm), with three replications. Observations were made at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 hours after application (HAA) of Jatropha. The research activities were carried out in two stages, namely 1) the extraction stage of Jatropha curcas L. seeds and the breeding of the Crocidolomia binotalis test larvae and 2) the testing stage with seven concentration levels of Jatropha curcas L. extract as a plant-based insecticide. ANOVA test showed that the treatments of Jatropha curcas L. extract gave the death effect on larvae [F-count > F-table (116.8 > 2.37)]. Dead larvae change color to black and their body shape will curve. The fastest larval death occurs 24 HAA, with a concentration of 40,000 ppm, which is 50%. At lower concentrations (30,000 ppm), which can kill larvae up to 50%, occurs 120 HAA. With a concentration of 50,000 ppm, 90% of larvae can be killed occurring 96 HAA.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"12 1","pages":"307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76291697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. O. Awoyemi, O. Adesokan, A. O. Kayode, K. Omotesho, K. K. Osasona
1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria ABSTRACT. Technology usage has been identified as a major driver of increased productivity, waste management and economic efficiency. However, there seems to be some barriers to technology usage among rural women cassava processors Nigeria. This study therefore analysed the characteristics and constraints to technology usage among rural women processors in Ifelodun local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A two-stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 120 respondents from six districts, namely Igbaja, Idofin, OkeOde, Omupo, Ora and Share. Primary data were used for the study and the data were collected by means of an interview schedule. Descriptive statistical tools, such as precision counts, frequencies and percentages, were used in analysing the data, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) analysis was used to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed the level of usage of cassava processing among rural women in the study area is moderately high. Major constraints to the adoption of cassava processing technologies includes: high cost of machines and maintenance, low level awareness and training, as well as inadequate finance. PPMC analysis showed that educational level and cassava processing experience was significantly related to the usage of improved cassava processing technologies in the study area with p≤ 0.05. Based on findings, training and effective monitoring by relevant stakeholders, adequate financing, sensitization and enlightenment campaigns will further boost cassava processors knowledge and attitude towards cassava processing technologies and automatically increase usage by the respondents.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF CASSAVA PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES USAGE AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"A. O. Awoyemi, O. Adesokan, A. O. Kayode, K. Omotesho, K. K. Osasona","doi":"10.46909/CERCE-2020-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/CERCE-2020-027","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria ABSTRACT. Technology usage has been identified as a major driver of increased productivity, waste management and economic efficiency. However, there seems to be some barriers to technology usage among rural women cassava processors Nigeria. This study therefore analysed the characteristics and constraints to technology usage among rural women processors in Ifelodun local government area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A two-stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 120 respondents from six districts, namely Igbaja, Idofin, OkeOde, Omupo, Ora and Share. Primary data were used for the study and the data were collected by means of an interview schedule. Descriptive statistical tools, such as precision counts, frequencies and percentages, were used in analysing the data, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) analysis was used to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed the level of usage of cassava processing among rural women in the study area is moderately high. Major constraints to the adoption of cassava processing technologies includes: high cost of machines and maintenance, low level awareness and training, as well as inadequate finance. PPMC analysis showed that educational level and cassava processing experience was significantly related to the usage of improved cassava processing technologies in the study area with p≤ 0.05. Based on findings, training and effective monitoring by relevant stakeholders, adequate financing, sensitization and enlightenment campaigns will further boost cassava processors knowledge and attitude towards cassava processing technologies and automatically increase usage by the respondents.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"10 1","pages":"314-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86056609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.46909/10.46909/cerce-2020-022
E. Karademir, Ç. Karademi̇r, Betül Kolay, Volkan Sezener, H. Basal
The objective of this study was to determine cotton (Gossypium ssp.) germplasm for heat tolerance under normal and late planting time. For this aiming 200 cotton genotypes and five check varieties (Gloria, SG 125, Flash, Ozbek 105 and Candia) were evaluated under two different temperature regimes and experiments were conducted according to the augmented design with four blocks. Field studies were carried out at the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center’s experimental area in Diyarbakır, Turkey, in 2016 cotton growing season. In the study heat susceptibility index was used for discriminate to the genotypes for heat tolerance. Genotypes were classified into four groups based on the heat susceptibility index. The results of this study indicated that five cotton genotypes (TAM 139-17 ELS, CIM-240, Haridost, MNH-990 and AzGR-11835) were in highly heat tolerant, 28 genotypes were found heat tolerant, 56 genotypes were in the moderately heat tolerant and other 120 genotypes were observed susceptible for heat tolerance. Based on the heat susceptibility index, five cotton genotypes can be used as parent for heat tolerance improvement in the cotton breeding program where high temperature is a limiting factor for seed cotton yield.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM SPP.) GERMPLASM FOR HEAT TOLERANCE UNDER NORMAL AND LATE PLANTING TIME","authors":"E. Karademir, Ç. Karademi̇r, Betül Kolay, Volkan Sezener, H. Basal","doi":"10.46909/10.46909/cerce-2020-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/10.46909/cerce-2020-022","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine cotton (Gossypium ssp.) germplasm for heat tolerance under normal and late planting time. For this aiming 200 cotton genotypes and five check varieties (Gloria, SG 125, Flash, Ozbek 105 and Candia) were evaluated under two different temperature regimes and experiments were conducted according to the augmented design with four blocks. Field studies were carried out at the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center’s experimental area in Diyarbakır, Turkey, in 2016 cotton growing season. In the study heat susceptibility index was used for discriminate to the genotypes for heat tolerance. Genotypes were classified into four groups based on the heat susceptibility index. The results of this study indicated that five cotton genotypes (TAM 139-17 ELS, CIM-240, Haridost, MNH-990 and AzGR-11835) were in highly heat tolerant, 28 genotypes were found heat tolerant, 56 genotypes were in the moderately heat tolerant and other 120 genotypes were observed susceptible for heat tolerance. Based on the heat susceptibility index, five cotton genotypes can be used as parent for heat tolerance improvement in the cotton breeding program where high temperature is a limiting factor for seed cotton yield.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83421314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thymus fallax Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (Lamiaceae) is a permanent plant that grows in some mountain rangelands of Mazandaran province in Iran. The aerial parts of Thymus fallax were collected during flowering stage from mountain rangelands of Mazandaran province, in North of Iran. Around samples were collected from three altitudes (2400 m, 2700 m and 3000 m a.s.l.), in mountain regions of Mazandaran province. The goal of current research was to assess the effect of altitude on the chemical composition and function of essential oil in Thymus fallax. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results, the essential oil content is between 1.12 - 1.61% at different altitudes. The result of study shows that the highest concentrated essential oil (1.61%) was extracted in the lowest altitude (2400 m), while it was opposite, (0.1.12%) in the highest altitude (3000 m). The main compounds of essential oil are: thymol (5.95% - 10.06%), carvacrol (13.63% - 69.04%), p-cymene (4.19% - 12.18%) and borneol (4.72% - 5.66%). According to the results, altitude has a negative effect on the percentage of essential oils and essential oil decreases with increasing altitude. The altitude has a negative effect on the percentage of thymol and the content of thymol decreased with increasing altitude. The altitude has a positive effect on the percentage of carvacrol and the content of carvacrol increased with increasing altitude.
{"title":"ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF THYMUS FALLAX FISCH. & C.A. MEY. AT DIFFERENT GROWING ALTITUDES IN MAZANDARAN, IRAN","authors":"H. Ghelichnia","doi":"10.46909/CERCE-2020-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/CERCE-2020-028","url":null,"abstract":"Thymus fallax Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (Lamiaceae) is a permanent plant that grows in some mountain rangelands of Mazandaran province in Iran. The aerial parts of Thymus fallax were collected during flowering stage from mountain rangelands of Mazandaran province, in North of Iran. Around samples were collected from three altitudes (2400 m, 2700 m and 3000 m a.s.l.), in mountain regions of Mazandaran province. The goal of current research was to assess the effect of altitude on the chemical composition and function of essential oil in Thymus fallax. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results, the essential oil content is between 1.12 - 1.61% at different altitudes. The result of study shows that the highest concentrated essential oil (1.61%) was extracted in the lowest altitude (2400 m), while it was opposite, (0.1.12%) in the highest altitude (3000 m). The main compounds of essential oil are: thymol (5.95% - 10.06%), carvacrol (13.63% - 69.04%), p-cymene (4.19% - 12.18%) and borneol (4.72% - 5.66%). According to the results, altitude has a negative effect on the percentage of essential oils and essential oil decreases with increasing altitude. The altitude has a negative effect on the percentage of thymol and the content of thymol decreased with increasing altitude. The altitude has a positive effect on the percentage of carvacrol and the content of carvacrol increased with increasing altitude.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"18 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83206993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.46909/10.46909/CERCE-2020-024
R. UDDIN II, V. Awolola, S. Mustapha, Olawale Abdulazeez, O. Ilesanmi, A. Aliyu
Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea beetle) is a field-to-store pest causing over 90% losses of cowpea. The search for new plant-derived crop protectant that can be explored as alternative to synthetic pesticides is urgently needed. Thus, the phytochemical screening, as well as the bioactivity of different polarity of organic solvents of leaf and stembark extracts of Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae), was investigated against the field-to-store insect pest Callosobruchus maculatus in laboratory bioassay. The non-polar (hexane) and polar (ethanol) extracts [0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml] of the leaf and stem bark were added to 100 g of cowpea. The following parameters of the cowpea weevil life cycle were analysed at the various concentrations: adult mortality, oviposition rate, number of larvae and pupae, and emergence of first filial progeny. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins in both the non-polar and polar extracts. Furthermore, the various treatments used were significantly (p< 0.05) effective in controlling C. maculatus from 1 and also 30 days after treatment (DAT) for both the non-polar and polar extracts when compared to the control. However, the most effective treatment was observed with the polar (EtOH) stem bark extract at 1.5 ml, which caused more mortalities and fewer emergence of the insect. Our findings suggest that the non-polar and polar leaf and stem bark of T. heudelotii extracts could serve as a sustainable and potential alternative to synthetic chemicals in pest control.
{"title":"NOVEL APPLICATION OF TRICHILIA HEUDELOTII PLANCH: EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT POLARITY OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS OF LEAF AND STEM BARK EXTRACTS ON THE CONTROL OF COWPEA BEETLE","authors":"R. UDDIN II, V. Awolola, S. Mustapha, Olawale Abdulazeez, O. Ilesanmi, A. Aliyu","doi":"10.46909/10.46909/CERCE-2020-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/10.46909/CERCE-2020-024","url":null,"abstract":"Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea beetle) is a field-to-store pest causing over 90% losses of cowpea. The search for new plant-derived crop protectant that can be explored as alternative to synthetic pesticides is urgently needed. Thus, the phytochemical screening, as well as the bioactivity of different polarity of organic solvents of leaf and stembark extracts of Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae), was investigated against the field-to-store insect pest Callosobruchus maculatus in laboratory bioassay. The non-polar (hexane) and polar (ethanol) extracts [0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml] of the leaf and stem bark were added to 100 g of cowpea. The following parameters of the cowpea weevil life cycle were analysed at the various concentrations: adult mortality, oviposition rate, number of larvae and pupae, and emergence of first filial progeny. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins in both the non-polar and polar extracts. Furthermore, the various treatments used were significantly (p< 0.05) effective in controlling C. maculatus from 1 and also 30 days after treatment (DAT) for both the non-polar and polar extracts when compared to the control. However, the most effective treatment was observed with the polar (EtOH) stem bark extract at 1.5 ml, which caused more mortalities and fewer emergence of the insect. Our findings suggest that the non-polar and polar leaf and stem bark of T. heudelotii extracts could serve as a sustainable and potential alternative to synthetic chemicals in pest control.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89315464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-16DOI: 10.46909/10.46909/CERCE-2020-023
F. Başdemir, S. Ipekeşen, M. Tunç, B. Bi̇cer
1 Harran University, Ceylanpinar Vocational School Sanliurfa, Turkey 2 Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Diyarbakir, Turkey ABSTRACT. This research was conducted to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on yield and its components on pea and faba bean in Dicle University Agricultural Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out following a split-plot in completely randomized block design, with three replications. Fertilization treatments and cultivars were designed as main and sub factors, respectively. Data on plant height, plant biomass, pod weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per plant, biological yield, seed yield and 100-seed weight were recorded at harvest. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight were record in flowering time. The effect of inorganic nitrogen, organic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on grain yield, seed yield per plant, biological yield was significant at both pea and faba bean. Inorganic fertilizer (urea) was increased the grain yield (2147 kg/ha) and biological yield (4956 kg/ha) in faba bean, but close to control (2080 kg/ha and 4690 kg/ha). Organic-1, Organic-2 and bacteria treatments were decrease the grain yield and biological yield on pea and faba bean, and this decrease on pea was almost half over control. The effect of treatments on number of nodules per plant on pea and faba bean was significant. The highest number of nodules per plant on pea was in bacteria inoculation (125.9) and control (121.5), and differences among nitrogen (109.1), Organic-1 (97.3) and Organic-2 (109.3) treatments was no significant.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND RHIZOBIUM\u0000INOCULATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)","authors":"F. Başdemir, S. Ipekeşen, M. Tunç, B. Bi̇cer","doi":"10.46909/10.46909/CERCE-2020-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/10.46909/CERCE-2020-023","url":null,"abstract":"1 Harran University, Ceylanpinar Vocational School Sanliurfa, Turkey 2 Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Diyarbakir, Turkey ABSTRACT. This research was conducted to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on yield and its components on pea and faba bean in Dicle University Agricultural Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out following a split-plot in completely randomized block design, with three replications. Fertilization treatments and cultivars were designed as main and sub factors, respectively. Data on plant height, plant biomass, pod weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per plant, biological yield, seed yield and 100-seed weight were recorded at harvest. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight were record in flowering time. The effect of inorganic nitrogen, organic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on grain yield, seed yield per plant, biological yield was significant at both pea and faba bean. Inorganic fertilizer (urea) was increased the grain yield (2147 kg/ha) and biological yield (4956 kg/ha) in faba bean, but close to control (2080 kg/ha and 4690 kg/ha). Organic-1, Organic-2 and bacteria treatments were decrease the grain yield and biological yield on pea and faba bean, and this decrease on pea was almost half over control. The effect of treatments on number of nodules per plant on pea and faba bean was significant. The highest number of nodules per plant on pea was in bacteria inoculation (125.9) and control (121.5), and differences among nitrogen (109.1), Organic-1 (97.3) and Organic-2 (109.3) treatments was no significant.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"155 1","pages":"266-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77744289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Mansouri, A. Kheloufi, R. Belatreche, N. Heleili, Z. Boukhatem
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to nitrogen fertilizer. The main factor included the fertilizer (Granular Urea 46% N), was made up of two levels: no fertilization (0 kg/plot: control) and fertilization (0.4 kg/plot), while the secondary factor was the variety (three varieties of common bean: Djedida, Nelson and Jalila). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and replicated four times. The effect of fertilization was evaluated during two development stages (flowering and fruiting) for each variety and this on the total dry biomass, the length of the aerial and root parts, as well as on the number of secondary roots. On the other hand, the combined effect of fertilization and variety was studied on some yield parameters per plant, such as the number of flowers, pods, seeds and the harvest index. In addition, the number of nodules at the end of seed maturation was evaluated. The results indicated that the nitrogen fertilizer application significantly reduced the root length, the number of nodules and secondary roots in most of the common bean varieties. However, fertilizer application significantly increased dry matter in both flowering and fruiting stages, for the three studied varieties. Pod number per plant and seed yield was increased by the application of N fertilizer, depending on varieties and the parameters being measured. Djedida and Jalila varieties gave the best yield and can therefore be recommended to farmers. According to our results, the percentage of improvement by N fertilization on one parameter or another does not exceed an average of 20%, compared to the control. Indeed, the effect of fertilization is positive and seems to increase the harvest index by 18% in Djedida and by 20% in Jalila, compared to non-fertilized plants. Unfertilized plants of the variety Nelson showed the highest ability to nodulate.
{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth, Flowering, Fruiting and Nodulation of Three Varieties of Common Bean in the Arid Region of Aïn Naga (Biskra, Algeria)","authors":"L. Mansouri, A. Kheloufi, R. Belatreche, N. Heleili, Z. Boukhatem","doi":"10.46909/CERCE-2020-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46909/CERCE-2020-002","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted to investigate the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to nitrogen fertilizer. The main factor included the fertilizer (Granular Urea 46% N), was made up of two levels: no fertilization (0 kg/plot: control) and fertilization (0.4 kg/plot), while the secondary factor was the variety (three varieties of common bean: Djedida, Nelson and Jalila). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and replicated four times. The effect of fertilization was evaluated during two development stages (flowering and fruiting) for each variety and this on the total dry biomass, the length of the aerial and root parts, as well as on the number of secondary roots. On the other hand, the combined effect of fertilization and variety was studied on some yield parameters per plant, such as the number of flowers, pods, seeds and the harvest index. In addition, the number of nodules at the end of seed maturation was evaluated. The results indicated that the nitrogen fertilizer application significantly reduced the root length, the number of nodules and secondary roots in most of the common bean varieties. However, fertilizer application significantly increased dry matter in both flowering and fruiting stages, for the three studied varieties. Pod number per plant and seed yield was increased by the application of N fertilizer, depending on varieties and the parameters being measured. Djedida and Jalila varieties gave the best yield and can therefore be recommended to farmers. According to our results, the percentage of improvement by N fertilization on one parameter or another does not exceed an average of 20%, compared to the control. Indeed, the effect of fertilization is positive and seems to increase the harvest index by 18% in Djedida and by 20% in Jalila, compared to non-fertilized plants. Unfertilized plants of the variety Nelson showed the highest ability to nodulate.","PeriodicalId":9937,"journal":{"name":"Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83116425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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